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Exceeding The UK, Catching The USA
Exceeding the UK, catching the USA () alternatively translated as surpassing Great Britain and catching up with the United States, was a slogan put forward by Mao Zedong during the Great Leap Forward. The slogan was representative of the two goals of surpassing Great Britain in steel production in 15 years and catching up with the United States in 50 years. The slogan was mainly addressed to the secondary sector of the economy, of which steel and grain were top priority. At the end of China's first Five-Year Plan, steel output was still less than a quarter of the amount produced by Britain. Mao found overtaking Britain's steel to be of utmost importance to the "socialist transformation" of agriculture, as he found the two to be "inseparable" and unable to be dealt with "in isolation from each other". This was due to the increased need for agricultural machinery to be developed, as well as the agriculture tax that would fund the production of heavy industry. The justification for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Language
Chinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and List of ethnic groups in China, many minority ethnic groups in China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39 billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic languages, Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in a Language family, family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin with 66%, or around 800&nb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Five-year Plan (China)
The 1st Five-Year Plan was the first five-year plan adopted by the People's Republic of China after its establishment in 1949. It lasted from 1953 until 1957. Background Having restored a viable economic base, the leadership under Chairman Mao Zedong, Premier Zhou Enlai, and other revolutionary veterans sought to implement what they termed a socialist transformation of China. The First Five-Year Plan was deeply influenced by Soviet methodologies and assistance from Soviet planners. The PRC government adopted key elements of the Soviet central planning model, including five-year targets for heavy industry, input allocation through planning bureaus, and state-set prices for industrial goods. Soviet advisors, technical manuals, and blueprints were widely used to support implementation. Compared to the Soviet planning method, however, the Plan had less centralized planning with regard to consumer goods and regional planning authorities had greater authority. Policies Industrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campaigns Of The Chinese Communist Party
Campaign or The Campaign may refer to: Types of campaigns * Campaign, in agriculture, the period during which sugar beets are harvested and processed *Advertising campaign, a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme *Blitz campaign, a short, intensive, and focused marketing campaign for a product or business *Civil society campaign, a project intended to mobilize public support in order to instigate social change *Military campaign, large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plans incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles *Political campaign, an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group *Project, an undertaking that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim * The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation. Places * Campaign, Tennessee, an unincorporated community in the United States Arts, entertainment, and media Film and televisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Advertising Slogans
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950s In China
Year 195 ( CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius. * King Vologases V and other eastern princes support the claims of Pescennius Niger. The Roman province of Mesopotamia rises in revolt with Parthian support. Severus marches to Mesopotamia to battle the Parthians. * The Roman province of Syria is divided and the role of Antioch is diminished. The Romans annex the Syrian cities of Edessa and Nisibis. Severus re-establishes his headquarters and the colonies th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryazan Miracle
The Ryazan miracle (or Ryazan affair; '','' or '', Рязанская авантюра'' "Ryazan venture") is a scandal which happened in 1959 and 1960 in provincial region of Ryazan Oblast, Soviet Union, that resulted from a propaganda campaign made in support of its planned economy by , chief of the Communist Party Committee of Ryazan Oblast, on the verge of newly highly ambitious plans put forward by Nikita Khrushchev to "surpass America". Larionov promised increases in meat and milk production plans that were widely and boldly advertised in Soviet propaganda until widespread lies and falsification were uncovered. These proved to be disastrous to Ryazan Oblast economy and became a major blow to Khrushchev's political image. Background On May 22, 1957, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader at that time, made a speech at a regional meeting of Soviet agroindustry representatives, in which he aired his famous slogan "Catch up and overtake America" (). In this speech Khrushchev prom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Launching Satellites
The expression 'launching satellites' ( zh, c=放卫星, Pinyin: 'fang weixing'), alternatively translated as "putting satellites into orbit", refers to a socialist construction campaign that began in 1958 during the "Great Leap Forward" and was anxious for success by 1959. During the Great Leap Forward, exaggeration was prevalent throughout China, with false reports exaggerating food production, and these false reports of "wheat satellites", "rice satellites", "grain satellites", "tobacco satellites", and other similar acts in various industries were unanimously called "Launching Satellites". The term "launching satellites" was coined in honor of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite launched by the USSR. China successfully launched a sounding rocket in 1964 and the satellite Dong Fang Hong I in 1970. Background Land reform At the beginning of 1950s, as CCP gained power over the KMT, the land reform campaign began. This campaign focuses on taking lands from lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
The Seven-Thousand Cadres Conference ( zh, s=七千人大会, p=Qīqiān rén dàhuì, w=Ch'i1-ch'ien1 jen2 ta4-hui4) was one of the largest work conferences ever of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It took place in Beijing, China, from 11 January to 7 February 1962. The conference was attended by over 7,000 party officials nationwide, focusing on the issues of the Great Leap Forward which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions in the Great Chinese Famine. CCP chairman Mao Zedong made self-criticism during the conference, after which he took a semi-retired role, leaving future responsibilities to Chinese President Liu Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. Conference The Conference took place in Beijing, China, from 11 January to 7 February 1962. During the conference, Liu Shaoqi, the 2nd President of China and Vice Chairman of the Communist Party, delivered an important speech that formally attributed 30% of the famine to natural disasters and 70% to man-made mistakes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Chinese Famine
The Great Chinese Famine () was a famine that occurred between 1959 and 1961 in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Some scholars have also included the years 1958 or 1962. It is widely regarded as the deadliest famine and one of the greatest man-made disasters in human history, with an estimated death toll due to starvation that ranges in the tens of millions (15 to 55 million). The most stricken provinces were Anhui (18% dead), Chongqing (15%), Sichuan (13%), Guizhou (11%) and Hunan (8%). The major contributing factors in the famine were the policies of the Great Leap Forward (1958 to 1962) and people's communes, launched by Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong, such as inefficient distribution of food within the nation's planned economy; requiring the use of poor agricultural techniques; the Four Pests campaign that reduced sparrow populations (which disrupted the ecosystem); over-reporting of grain production; and ordering millions of farmers to switch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Commune
The people's commune ( zh, c=, p=rénmín gōngshè) was the highest of three administrative levels in rural areas of the People's Republic of China during the period from 1958 to 1983, until they were replaced by Townships of the People's Republic of China, townships. Communes, the largest Collective farming, collective units, were divided in turn into production brigades and Production team (China), production teams. The people's commune collectivized living and working practices. Many individual homes were abolished in favour of communal residences, with many houses taken apart and demolished. Regardless of age or relationship, many men and women lived separately, and often, multiple families were placed in the same communal homes. One's land, tools, resources were pooled together, with working hours and farming practices completely dictated by the CCP. In a 1959 analysis, Arrigo Cervetto argued that the People's Communes in China represented a transitional phase toward capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politburo
A politburo () or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties. The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the UK Labour Party's NEC or the Political Bureau of Hamas. Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing states. Names The term ''politburo'' in English comes from the Russian ''politbyuro'' (), itself an abbreviation of ''politicheskoye byuro'' ( 'political bureau'). The Spanish term ''Politburó'' is directly loaned from Russian, as is the German ''Politbüro''. Chinese uses a calque (), from which the Vietnamese ( ), and Korean ( ''Jeongchiguk'') terms derive. History The first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 during the Russian Revolution that occurred during that year. The first Politburo had seven members: Vladimir Lenin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Grigori Sokol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The East Wind Prevails Over The West Wind
The East wind prevails over the West wind (), alternatively translated as the east wind overwhelms the west wind, the East wind is prevailing over the West wind, or socialism will prevail over capitalism, is a slogan coined by Mao Zedong in the early 1950s, when he referred to the east wind as the socialist camp and the West wind as the Western capitalist societies. The implication of this statement is that the forces of socialism have overwhelmingly surpassed the forces of imperialism. History "The East wind prevails over the West wind" was borrowed by Mao Zedong from the classical novel ''Dream of the Red Chamber'' in which Lin Daiyu said, "In all families, either the East Wind prevails over the West Wind, or the West Wind prevails over the East Wind". In the book, East and West are not seen as representing different sets of beliefs or values. See also * The East is rising and the West is declining The East is rising and the West is declining () is a term in Chinese poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
