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Etelätär
List of minor deities in Finnish mythology. In Modern Finnish, deity-like figures in Finnish mythology are often described with two words: ''jumala'' and ''haltija''. described a ''jumala'' as a being who rules over a wider concept, such as water, while a ''haltija'' is more localized, ruling over a specific body of water. According to him, there is only a small number of beings in Finnish paganism which could be called ''jumala'', but a wide variety of ''haltija'' beings. Etelätär Etelätär, Suetar or Suvetar (all ) is a luonnotar and, according to Christfried Ganander, sunny weather itself. She's on the move in the spring when it's raining and southern wind blows: this was ideal time to let cows to pasture, as she would protect the cattle in her embrace. During northern wind, evil things were on the move instead. In runic songs, she is asked to bring refreshing wind and healing rain, as well as look after cattle. Epithets Hillervo and Juoletar Hillervo and Juoletar are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kave (Finnish Mythology)
Kave, Kavet, Kaave, Kaveh or Luonnotar is a female spirit or goddess in Finnish mythology. She is called "the oldest of women" (''vanhin vaimoloista''). In one White Karelian poem, a similar figure is called Ilmatar (lit. "Lady Air"), likely influencing Elias Lönnrot to create the ''Kalevala'' character Ilmatar. Kave (pl. ''kapeet'') is also a common noun used to refer to female nature spirits or goddesses in general. The same goes for luonnotar (pl. ''luonnottaret''). In runic songs In 1551, Mikael Agricola mentioned plural "kapeet" as those who "ate the moon" from pre-Christian Tavastians. The oldest written mentions of singular Kave are from the 18th century, written down by Christfrid Ganander from Ostrobothnia (historical province), Ostrobothnia. In these, Kavet is said to have freed the sun and the moon so they can shine. He specified that Agricola got it wrong: Kave helped to save the moon from Kuumet instead of eating the moon. He also wrote that Kaveh, Kavoh or Kavet is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Mythology
Finnish mythology commonly refers of the folklore of Finnish paganism, of which a Finnish Neopaganism, modern revival is practiced by a small percentage of the Finnish people. It has many shared features with Estonian mythology, Estonian and other Baltic Finns, Finnic mythologies, but also with neighbouring Baltic mythology, Baltic, slavic mythology, Slavic and, to a lesser extent, Norse mythology, Norse mythologies. Finnish mythology survived within an oral tradition of mythical poem-singing and folklore well into the 19th century. Of the animals, the most sacred was the bear, whose real name was never uttered out loud, which was thought to be unfavorable to the hunt. The bear ("karhu" in Finnish) was seen as the embodiment of the forefathers, and for this reason it was called by many circumlocutions: ''mesikämmen'' ("mead-paw"), ''otso'' ("browed one"), ''kontio'' ("dweller of the land"), ''metsän kultaomena'' ("the golden apple of the forest"). It was not strictly seen as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellervo
Tellervo () is the Finnish goddess of forests. She is the daughter of Tapio, the King of the Forest. Mentions of Tellervo in runic songs are limited to Kainuu, North Karelia, the Karelian Isthmus and White Karelia. In Kainuu and White Karelia, Tellervo is asked to help with hunting a bear; in North Karelia, to find help against an illness that came from the forest; on the Karelian Isthmus, to protect cattle. It has been suggested that the Tellervo name is a variant of Hillervo, Mother of Otters, mentioned in one runic song. This view has been supported by e.g. M.A. Castrén and Martti Haavio. Name The name Tellervo has been theorized to originate from Pellervo, associated with an agricultural god. The name would have morphed into ''Tellervo'' in order to share alliteration with ''Tapio'', the epithet developing from ''poika'' ('son') to ''paimen'' ('shepherd') to ''tytär'' ('daughter'), as explained by Kaarle Krohn. Jacob Grimm suggested the name to come from ''telta'', ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mari Language
The Mari language (, ; rus, марийский язык, p=mɐˈrʲijskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk), formerly known as the Cheremiss language, spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic languages, Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic of the Russian Federation, as well as in the area along the Vyatka River, Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Ural Mountains, Urals. Mari speakers, known as the Mari people, Mari, are found also in the Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Perm Krai, Perm regions. Mari is the titular and official language of its republic, alongside Russian language, Russian. The Mari language today has three standard forms: Hill Mari language, Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari language, Northwestern Mari, and Meadow Mari language, Meadow Mari. The latter is predominant and spans the continuum Meadow Mari to Eastern Mari from the Republic into the Ural dialects of Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk Oblast and Udmurtia), whereas the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikael Agricola
Mikael Agricola (; c. 1510 – 9 April 1557) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman who became the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a prominent proponent of the Protestant Reformation in Sweden, including Finland, which was a Swedish territory at the time. He is often called the "father of literary Finnish". Agricola was consecrated as the bishop of Turku (Åbo) in 1554, without papal approval. He continued the reform of the Finnish church (then a part of the Church of Sweden) along Lutheran lines. He translated the New Testament into Finnish and also produced the prayer book and hymns used in Finland's new Lutheran Church. This work set the rules of orthography that are the basis of modern Finnish spelling. His thorough work is particularly remarkable in that he accomplished it in only three years. He died of sudden illness while returning from a trip during which he assisted in negotiating the Treaty of Novgorod with the Tsardom of Russia. Biography Early life Michael ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sámi Languages
The Sámi languages ( ), also rendered in English language, English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Indigenous Sámi peoples in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including ''Sámi'', ''Sami'', ''Saami'', ''Saame'', ''Sámic'', ''Samic'' and ''Saamic'', as well as the Endonym and exonym, exonyms Lappish and ''Lappic''. The last two, along with the term ''Lapp'', are now often considered pejorative. Classification The Sámi languages form a branch of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family. According to the traditional view, Sámi is within the Uralic family most closely related to the Finnic languages (Sammallahti 1998). However, this view has recently been doubted by some scholars who argue that the traditional view of a common Finno-Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Baptist
John the Baptist ( – ) was a Jewish preacher active in the area of the Jordan River in the early first century AD. He is also known as Saint John the Forerunner in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, John the Immerser in some Baptist Christianity, Christian traditions, and as the prophet Yahya ibn Zakariya in Islam. He is sometimes referred to as John the Baptiser. John is mentioned by the History of the Jews in the Roman Empire, Roman Jewish historian Josephus, and he is revered as a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, the Druze faith, and Mandaeism; in the last of these he is considered to be the final and most vital prophet. He is considered to be a prophet of God in Abrahamic religions, God by all of the aforementioned faiths, and is honoured as a saint in many Christian denominations. According to the New Testament, John anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself; in the Gospels, he is portrayed as the precursor or forerunn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forest Reindeer
The Finnish forest reindeer ''(Rangifer tarandus fennicus'' (Finnish:'' metsäpeura'', Russian: ''лесной северный олень''), also known as Eurasian or European forest reindeer is a rare subspecies of the reindeer native to Finland and northwestern Russia. They are found primarily in Russian Karelia and the provinces of North Karelia, Savonia and Kainuu in Finland, though some range into central south Finland. They are distinct from the semi-domesticated mountain reindeer (''Rangifer tarandus tarandus'') in their larger size, longer legs and preference for dense boreal forest habitat, where they are rarely seen by humans, over the open tundra. The Finnish herd migrates seasonally back and forth across the long Russo-Finnish border. Size The Finnish forest reindeer is one of the largest subspecies of reindeer. It is 180–220 cm long and the tail 10–15 cm. The adult male is larger, weighing 150–250 kg, while adult females weigh about 100 k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxbow Lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or stream pool, pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is meander cutoff, cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether or not it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart. In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called ''resaca (channel), resacas''. In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs. Geology An oxbow lake forms when a meandering river erodes through the neck of one of its meanders. This takes place because meanders tend to grow and become more curved over time. The river then follows a shorter course that bypasses the meander. The entrances to the abandoned meander eventually silt up, forming an oxbow lake. Oxbow lakes are stillwater lakes, with no current flowing through them, which causes the lake bed to gradually accumulate silt, becoming a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Language
Swedish ( ) is a North Germanic languages, North Germanic language from the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the Germanic_languages#Statistics, fourth most spoken Germanic language, and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall. Swedish, like the other North Germanic languages, Nordic languages, is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian language, Norwegian and Danish language, Danish, although the degree of mutual intelligibility is dependent on the dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish, spoken by most Swedes, is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century, and was well established by the beginning of the 20th century. While distinct regional Variety ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccinium Uliginosum
''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry or western blueberry) is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae. Description ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is a small deciduous shrub growing to tall, rarely tall, with brown stems (unlike the green stems of the closely related bilberry). The leaves are oval, long and wide, blue-green with pale net-like veins, with a smooth margin and rounded apex. The flowers are pendulous, urn-shaped, pale pink, long, produced in mid-spring. The fruit is a dark blue-black berry in diameter, with a white sweet flesh, ripe in late summer. Cytology is 2n = 24. Its fruit persists for an average of 26.1 days, and bears an average of 24.7 seeds per fruit. Fruits average 86.8% water, and their dry weight includes 38.4% carbohydrates and 3.9% lipids. Subspecies Three subspecies have been described, but not all authorities distinguish them: *''Vaccinium uliginosum'' subsp. ''microphyll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Hilarius
Pope Hilarius (also Hilarus, Hilary; died 29 February 468) was the bishop of Rome from 461 to 468. In 449, Hilarius served as a legate for Pope Leo I at the Second Council of Ephesus. His opposition to the condemnation of Flavian of Constantinople incurred the enmity of Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria, Dioscurus of Alexandria, who attempted to prevent him from leaving the city. Hilarius was able to make his escape and returned to Rome by an indirect route. He later erected an oratory at the Lateran in honor of John the Evangelist, to whom he attributed his safe passage. Much of his pontificate was spent in maintaining ecclesiastical discipline in conformity with canon law, and in settling jurisdictional disputes among the bishops of both Gaul and Spain. Early career Hilarius was born in Sardinia as the son of Crispinus. As archdeacon under Pope Leo I, he fought vigorously for the rights of the Holy See, Roman See. In 449, Hilarius and Bishop Julius of Puteoli served as papal lega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
