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Essonne (département)
Essonne () is a department in the southern part of the Île-de-France region in Northern France. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.Populations légales 2019: 91 Essonne INSEE Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when was split into smaller departments. Its is . Its [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Departments Of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities"), between the Regions of France, administrative regions and the Communes of France, communes. There are a total of 101 departments, consisting of ninety-six departments in metropolitan France, and five Overseas department and region, overseas departments, which are also classified as overseas regions. Departments are further subdivided into 333 Arrondissements of France, arrondissements and 2,054 Cantons of France, cantons (as of 2023). These last two levels of government have no political autonomy, instead serving as the administrative basis for the local organisation of police, fire departments, and, in certain cases, elections. Each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council (France), departmental council ( , ). From 1800 to April 2015, these were called gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantons In France
The cantons of France () are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's departments and arrondissements. Apart from their role as organizational units in relation to certain aspects of the administration of public services and justice, the chief purpose of the cantons today is to serve as constituencies for the election of members of the representative assemblies established in each of France's territorial departments ( departmental councils, formerly general councils). For this reason, such elections were known in France as "cantonal elections", until 2015 when their name was changed to "departmental elections" to match the departmental councils' name. There are 2,054 cantons in France. Most of them group together a number of communes (the lowest administrative division of the French Republic), although larger communes may be included in more than one canton, since the cantons – in marked contrast to the communes, which have between more than two million inhabitant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Châteaufort, Yvelines
Châteaufort () is a commune in the Yvelines department in Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located south of Versailles, and southwest of Paris. Châteaufort inhabitants are named ''Castelfortain''. The commune is named after the existence of three fortified castles during the Middle Ages; indeed, ''château fort'' means "fortified castle" in French. On August 19, 1913, ahead of the Châteaufort aerodrome, the French aviator Adolphe Pégoud became the first man to jump from a plane using a parachute. The jump was made from a Blériot plane 200 m above the ground. In the 20th century, Farman Aviation Works was headquartered in Châteaufort. See also *Communes of the Yvelines department A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes o ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of France
A () is a level of administrative divisions of France, administrative division in the France, French Republic. French are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipality, municipalities in Canada and the United States; ' in Germany; ' in Italy; ' in Spain; or civil parishes in the United Kingdom. are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. The are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlet (place), hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. All have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are ( or ), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. Except for the Municipal arrondissem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardo Trujillo
Bernardo Trujillo (1920–1971) was a Colombian-born American marketing executive. He hosted merchandizing seminars as part of cash register company NCR Corporation's marketing strategy, ultimately influencing the development of modern supermarkets, especially in France, where he became known as the "Pope of Supermarketing." Early life Born in 1920 in Colombia, he studied law in Bogota. He emigrated to the United States and eventually became a naturalized US citizen. Career Trujillo began his career as a Spanish teacher. In 1944, he was hired as a translator by the NCR Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. From 1957 to 1965, as part of NCR's marketing strategy, Trujillo taught executive education merchandizing seminars to about 11,000 students, the MMM seminars on Modern Merchandizing Methods. In his seminars, he emphasized the need to build supermarket with large parking lots and cheap products and defined many key principles of the industry, such as "No Parking, No Business". His clas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Essonne
Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois (; often abbreviated to SGdB) is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 23.5 km (14.6 miles) from the Kilometre zero#France, center of Paris, in the arrondissement of Palaiseau, Essonne departments of France, department, Île-de-France. History Inhabitants of Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois are known as ''Génovéfains''. There has been a settlement in what is now Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois since Roman times. In 1800 it was still a small settlement with around 100 inhabitants. After the First Armistice at Compiègne, armistice in 1918 the population was counted at less than 800. The boom started in the 1920s when inhabitants of Paris wanted affordable housing. This boom was in part because the railway station of Perray was built, connecting the town to Paris. The population at the moment is over 30.000 inhabitants, making it one of the larger settlements in the Essonne departement. In 1926 the Château de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrefour
Carrefour Group, S.A. (, ), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, Essonne, Massy, France. It operates a chain of hypermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores. By 2024, the group had 14,000 stores in 40 countries.. It is the seventh-largest retailer in the world by revenue. History The first Carrefour shop (not a hypermarket) opened in 1960, within suburban Annecy, near a crossroads (junction), crossroads (hence the name ― ''carrefour'' means ''crossroads'' in French). The group was created in 1958 by Marcel Fournier, Denis Defforey and Jacques Defforey, who attended and were influenced by several seminars in the United States led by "the Pope of retail", Bernardo Trujillo. The Carrefour group was the first in Europe to open a hypermarket: a large supermarket and a department store under the same roof. They opened their first hypermarket on 15 June 1963 in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Essonne, Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut National De La Statistique Et Des études économiques
The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (, ), abbreviated INSEE or Insee ( , ), is the List of national and international statistical services, national statistics bureau of France. It collects and publishes information about the Economy of France, French economy and Demographics of France, people and carries out the periodic national census. Headquartered in Montrouge, a commune in the southern Paris, Parisian suburbs, it is the French branch of Eurostat. The INSEE was created in 1946 as a successor to the Vichy France, Vichy regime's National Statistics Service (SNS). It works in close cooperation with the Institut national d'études démographiques (INED). Purpose The INSEE is responsible for the production and analysis of official statistics in France. Its best known responsibilities include: * Organising and publishing the national census. * Producing various Index (economics), indices – which are widely recognised as being of excellent quality – inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine-et-Oise
Seine-et-Oise () is a former department of France, which encompassed the western, northern and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris. Its prefecture was Versailles and its administrative number was 78. Seine-et-Oise was disbanded in 1968 as part of the reorganisation of the departments of the Paris metropolitan area. The newly created Yvelines department inherited the 78 number. General characteristics Seine-et-Oise was created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution. Its name comes from the two main rivers ( Seine River and Oise River) flowing through it. It completely surrounded the Seine department (which included Paris itself), although it was at its narrowest just east of Seine between that department and the Seine-et-Marne department, which still exists today. At the time of its abolition in 1968, Seine-et-Oise consisted of 688 suburban and rural communes. It had an area of 5,658 km2 (2,184 sq. miles). The division of Seine-et-Oise into arrondisse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essonne (river)
The Essonne () is a long French river. It is a left tributary of the Seine. Its course crosses the departments of Loiret and Essonne, and it gives its name to the latter. The Essone's name and the present name of its higher course (the Œuf) originate in Acionna, a Gallo-Roman river goddess attested at Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans" (US) and Gâtinais plateau at La Neuville-sur-Essonne through the confluence of two rivers, the Œuf—whose source is near [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00), sometimes referred to as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (CET; UTC+01:00) during the other part of the year. It corresponds to UTC+02:00, which makes it the same as Eastern European Time, Central Africa Time, South African Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time and Kaliningrad Time in Russia. Names Other names which have been applied to Central European Summer Time are Middle European Summer Time (MEST), Central European Daylight Saving Time (CEDT), and Bravo Time (after the second letter of the NATO phonetic alphabet). Period of observation Since 1996, European Summer Time has been observed between 01:00 UTC (02:00 CET and 03:00 CEST) on the last Sunday of March, and 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central European Time
Central European Time (CET) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The UTC offset, time offset from UTC can be written as UTC+01:00. It is used in most parts of Europe and in several African countries. CET is also known as Middle European Time (MET, German: :de:Mitteleuropäische Zeit, MEZ) and by colloquial names such as Amsterdam Time, Berlin Time, Brussels Time, Budapest Time, Madrid Time, Paris Time, Stockholm Time, Rome Time, Prague time, Warsaw Time or Romance Standard Time (RST). The 15th meridian east is the central axis per UTC+01:00 in the world system of time zones. As of 2023, all member state of the European Union, member states of the European Union observe summer time (daylight saving time), from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. States within the CET area switch to Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00) for the summer. The next change to CET is scheduled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
