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Escaline
Escaline (E), also known as 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is the 4- ethoxy analogue of mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) and the phenethylamine (non-α-methyl) analogue of 3C-E (3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine). Effects The effects of escaline and related mescaline analogues in humans were first described by Alexander Shulgin. In his book '' PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)'', Shulgin lists the dosage range as 40 to 60mg of the hydrochloride salt taken orally. The duration of action was stated to be 8 to 12hours. Escaline is approximately 5- to 8-fold more potent than mescaline in humans. Pharmacology The receptor interactions of escaline analogues have been described. Escaline produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic-like effects, in rodents. It partially substitutes for LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Mescaline Analogue
A substituted mescaline analogue, also known as a scaline and typically but not always a 4-substituted 3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is an analogue of the phenethylamine serotonergic psychedelic mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine). Other related compounds include the 2C (4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) and DOx (4-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) compounds as well as 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) and other 4-substituted 3,5-dimethoxyamphetamines (3C drugs). They are also mescaline analogues, but the 2C and DOx drugs have a third methoxy group in the 2 position instead of the 3 position while TMA is an amphetamine rather than a phenethylamine. The pharmacology of mescaline analogues has been studied. Mescaline analogues, or 4-substituted 3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines specifically, tend to be much less potent than the 2C and DOx drugs. This relates to the fact that the 2,4,5-substitution pattern tends to be optimal in terms of receptor affinity and po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mescaline
Mescaline, also known as mescalin or mezcalin, and in chemical terms 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a natural product, naturally occurring psychedelic drug, psychedelic alkaloid, protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, found in Cactus, cacti like peyote (''Lophophora williamsii'') and San Pedro cactus, San Pedro (certain species of the Echinopsis genus) and known for its Serotonin, serotonergic Hallucinogen, hallucinogenic effects. Mescaline is typically taken orally and used recreationally, spiritually, and medically, with psychedelic effects occurring at doses from 100 to 1,000 mg, including microdosing below 75 mg, and it can be consumed in pure form or via mescaline-containing cacti. Mescaline induces a psychedelic experience characterized by vivid visual patterns, altered perception of time and self, synesthesia, and spiritual effects, with an onset of 0.5–0.9 hours and a duration that increases with dose, ranging from about 6 to 14 hours. Mescaline h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PiHKAL
''PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story'' is a book by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin published in 1991. The subject of the work is Psychoactive drug, psychoactive phenethylamine Derivative (chemistry), chemical derivatives, notably those that act as psychedelic drug, psychedelics and/or empathogen-entactogens. The main title, PiHKAL, is an acronym that stands for "Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved". The book is arranged into two parts, the first part being a fictionalized autobiography of the couple and the second part describing 179 different psychedelic compounds (most of which Shulgin discovered himself), including detailed synthesis instructions, bioassays, dosages, and other commentary. The second part was made freely available by Shulgin on Erowid while the first part is available only in the printed text. While the reactions described are beyond the ability of people with a basic chemistry education, some tend to emphasize techniques that do not require difficult-to-ob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oral Administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the Human mouth, mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications. Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as Injection (medicine), injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow. Terminology ''Per os'' (; ''P.O.'') is an adverbial phrase meaning literally from Latin "through the mouth" or "by mouth". The expression is used in medicine to describe a treatment that is taken orally (but not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proscaline
Proscaline (4-propoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine or 4-propoxy-3,5-DMPEA) is a Psychedelic drug, psychedelic and hallucinogenic drug. It has structural properties similar to the drugs mescaline, isoproscaline, and escaline. In ''PiHKAL'', Alexander Shulgin reports that a dose of 30–60 mg produces effects lasting 8–12 hours. Pharmacology Proscaline is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT2 receptor agonist. This is thought to be responsible for its psychedelic drug, psychedelic effects. Chemistry Proscaline is in a class of compounds commonly known as phenethylamines, and is the 4-propoxy homologous series, homolog of mescaline. The full name of the chemical is 4-propoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine. Legality United Kingdom Proscaline is a Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act, Class A controlled substance in the UK. United States Proscaline is not directly scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act. However, due to its structural similarities with mescalin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as "the literature" within specific research fields. The process of academic publishing involves disseminating research findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors. Original scientific research first published in scientific journals co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David E
David (; , "beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. The Tel Dan stele, an Aramaic-inscribed stone erected by a king of Aram-Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate a victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase (), which is translated as " House of David" by most scholars. The Mesha Stele, erected by King Mesha of Moab in the 9th century BCE, may also refer to the "House of David", although this is disputed. According to Jewish works such as the '' Seder Olam Rabbah'', '' Seder Olam Zutta'', and '' Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (all written over a thousand years later), David ascended the throne as the king of Judah in 885 BCE. Apart from this, all that is known of David comes from biblical literature, the historicity of which has been extensively challenged,Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel; by Isaac Kalimi; pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a chemical compound, compound having a chemical structure, structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound. Structural analogs are often isoelectronicity, isoelectronic. Despite a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analog (chemistry), functional analogs and can have very different physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. In drug discovery, either a large series of structural analogs of an initial lead compound are created and tested as part of a structure–activity relationship study or a database is virtual screening, screened for structural analogs of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoproscaline
Isoproscaline or 4-isopropoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine is an analog of mescaline. It is closely related to proscaline and was first synthesized by David E. Nichols. It produces hallucinogenic, psychedelic, and entheogenic effects. Chemistry Isoproscaline is in a class of compounds commonly known as phenethylamines, and the full chemical name is 2-(4-isopropoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine. Effects Little is known about the psychopharmacological effects of isoproscaline. In his book ''PiHKAL'', Alexander Shulgin lists a psychedelic dosage as being 40–80 mg, with effects lasting 10–16 hours. Pharmacology The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of isoproscaline is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines. Dangers The toxicity of isoproscaline is not known. Legality Isoproscaline is unscheduled in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic country by both area and population, and is the List of European countries by area, fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million, and a low population density of ; 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas. They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse Climate of Sweden, climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55th parallel north, 55°N to 69th parallel north, 69°N. Sweden has been inhabited since Prehistoric Sweden, prehistoric times around 12,000 BC. The inhabitants emerged as the Geats () and Swedes (tribe), Swedes (), who formed part of the sea-faring peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
