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Erdoğanism
Erdoğanism () refers to the political ideals and agenda of Turkish president and former prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who became prime minister in 2003 and served until his election to the Presidency in 2014. With support significantly derived from charismatic authority, Erdoğanism has been described as the "strongest phenomenon in Turkey since Kemalism" and used to enjoy broad support throughout the country until the 2018 Turkish economic crisis which caused a significant decline in Erdoğan's popularity. Its ideological roots originate from Turkish conservatism and its most predominant political adherent is the governing Justice and Development Party (AK Parti), a party that Erdoğan himself founded in 2001. It is seen by some as a Third Way ideology. Overview As a personified version of conservative democracy, key ideals of Erdoğanism include a religious inspired strong centralised leadership based primarily on electoral consent and less so on the separation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who is the 12th and current president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister of Turkey, prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under Erdoğan's rule. Erdoğan was born in Beyoğlu, Istanbul, and studied at the Marmara University, Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected Welfare Party's Beyoğlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the 1994 Istanbul mayoral election, 1994 lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cult Of Personality
A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader,Cas Mudde, Mudde, Cas and Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (2017) ''Populism: A Very Short Introduction''. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 63. is the result of an effort which is made to create an idealized and heroic image of a admirable leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. Historically, it has been developed through techniques such as the manipulation of the mass media, the dissemination of propaganda, the staging of spectacles, the manipulation of the arts, the instilling of patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies. A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis, except that it is established through the use of modern social engineering (political science), social engineering techniques, it is usually established by the state or the party in one-party states and dominant-party states. Cults of personality often accompany the leaders of totalitarian or authoritarian governments. They c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kemalism
Kemalism (, also archaically ''Kamâlizm'') or Atatürkism () is a political ideology based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey.Eric J. Zurcher, Turkey: A Modern History. New York, J.B. Tauris & Co ltd. page 181 Its symbol is the Six Arrows (). Atatürk's Turkey was defined by sweeping political, social, cultural, and religious reforms designed to separate the Republican state from its Ottoman predecessor and embrace a Western lifestyle,Cleveland, William L., and Martin P. Bunton. ''A History of the Modern Middle East''. Boulder: Westview, 2013. including the establishment of secularism/laicism, state support of the sciences, gender equality, economic statism and more. Most of those policies were first introduced to and implemented in Turkey during Atatürk's presidency through his reforms. Origins Various reforms to avoid the imminent collapse of the Empire, began chiefly in the 19th-century Tanzimat refor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice And Development Party (Turkey)
The Justice and Development Party ( , AK PARTİ), abbreviated officially as AK Party in English, is a List of political parties in Turkey, political party in Turkey self-describing as Conservative democracy, conservative-democratic. It has been the ruling party of Turkey since 2002. Third-party sources often refer to the party as National conservatism, national conservative, Social conservatism, social conservative, Right-wing populism, right-wing populist and as espousing neo-Ottomanism. The party is generally regarded as being right-wing politics, right-wing on the political spectrum, although some sources have described it as Far-right politics, far-right since 2011. It is currently the largest party in Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with 273 MPs, ahead of the main opposition Social democracy, social democratic Republican People's Party (CHP). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has been chairman of the AK Party since the 3rd Justice and Development Party Extraor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Akyol
Mustafa Akyol (born 20 February 1972) is a Turkish writer, intellectual, and journalist. Notable for his advocacy on reform on blasphemy, apostasy and gender relations in the Muslim world, he has been called “probably the most notable Muslim modernist and reformer”. Career Akyol has written regular columns for Turkish dailies like ''Hürriyet Daily News''. He has criticized both Islamic extremism and Turkish secularism, which he likened to Jacobinism and fundamentalism. Akyol's earlier articles in Turkish newspapers were often friendly to the incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP). In later commentary in a U.S. newspaper, he criticised the party's governance as having "adopted the very authoritarian habits it used to oppose" and thus having "failed as a model of liberal Islamism." He also spoke at TED, giving a lecture on "Faith versus tradition in Islam". Akyol is also author of the English-language book ''Islam Without Extremes: A Muslim Case For Liberty'' (W.W. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2011 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 12 June 2011 to elect the 550 members of Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly. In accordance to the result of the 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum, constitutional referendum held in 2007, the elections were held four years after the 2007 Turkish general election, previous elections in 2007 instead of five. The result was a third consecutive victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP), with its leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan being re-elected as Prime Minister of Turkey, Prime Minister for a third term with 49.8% of the vote and 327 MPs. This represented an increase of 3.2% since the 2007 Turkish general election and an 11.4% rise since the 2009 Turkish local elections. The victory was attributed to the strong sustained economic recovery after the Great Recession as well as the completion of several projects such as the İZBAN, İzmir commuter railway, High-sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative Democracy
Conservative democracy () is a label coined by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Turkey to describe Islamic democracy. Forming as a modernist breakaway party from former Islamist movements, the AKP's conservative democratic ideology has been described as a departure from or moderation of Islamic democracy and the endorsement of more secular and democratic values. The electoral success and the neo-Ottoman foreign policy of the AKP that aims to broaden Turkey's regional influence has led to the party's conservative democratic ideals to be mirrored in other countries, such as by the Justice and Development Party in Morocco and the Ennahda Movement in Tunisia. In its broadest sense, the term ''conservative democracy'' highlights the compatibility of Islam with democracy, a Western-oriented foreign policy, neoliberal economics and secularism within government. Since the view has been reflected in several economic, foreign, domestic and social policy initiatives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demagogue
A demagogue (; ; ), or rabble-rouser, is a political leader in a democracy who gains popularity by arousing the common people against elites, especially through oratory that whips up the passions of crowds, Appeal to emotion, appealing to emotion by scapegoating out-groups, exaggerating dangers to stoke fears, lying for emotional effect, or other rhetoric that tends to drown out reasoned deliberation and encourage fanatical popularity. Demagogues overturn established norms of political conduct, or promise or threaten to do so. Historian Reinhard Luthin defined ''demagogue'' as "a politician skilled in oratory, flattery and invective; evasive in discussing vital issues; promising everything to everybody; appealing to the passions rather than the reason of the public; and arousing racial, religious, and class prejudices—a man whose lust for power without recourse to principle leads him to seek to become a master of the masses. He has for centuries practiced his profession of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neo-Ottomanism
Neo-Ottomanism (Turkish language, Turkish: ''Yeni Osmanlıcılık, Neo-Osmanlıcılık'') is an Irredentism, irredentist and imperialism, imperialist Politics of Turkey, Turkish political ideology that, in its broadest sense, advocates to honor the Ottoman past of Turkey and promotes greater political engagement of the Republic of Turkey within regions formerly under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, the predecessor state that covered the territory of modern Turkey among others. Neo-Ottomanism emerged at the end of the Cold War with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, forming two distinct waves of the ideology: the first, in the early 1990s, developed by the Turkish journalist and foreign policy advisor to President Turgut Özal, Cengiz Çandar; the second, associated with Ahmet Davutoğlu and his foreign policy goals of establishing Turkey as an influential power within the Balkans, Caucasia and the Middle East. The term has been associated with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's Irredentis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ak Parti Miting4
AK or A.K. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''A.K.'' (film), a 1985 film directed by Chris Marker * AK (radio program), a weekly program produced by Alaska Public Radio Network from 2003 to 2008, later a segment on ''Alaska News Nightly'' * AK (rapper), also known as AK the Razorman, American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia, member of hip hop group P$C * AK-47 (rapper), American rapper from Chicago, Illinois, member of hip hop group Do or Die * AK the Savior, American rapper from Brooklyn, New York, member of The Underachievers * ''Arknights'', the Chinese mobile game developed by Hypergryph * Ajith Kumar, Indian actor, commonly referred to as AK * Ananda Krishnan, Malaysian broadcast and telecommunications businessman * Anil Kapoor, Indian actor, often referred to simply as AK ** ''AK vs AK'', 2020 Indian film by Vikramaditya Motwane about Kapoor *Ayushmann Khurrana, Indian actor and singer Businesses and organizations * AK Press, a collectively owned and operated independe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putinism
Putinism () is the social, political, and economic system of Russia formed during the political leadership of Vladimir Putin. There are three stages of Putinism; ''Classical Putinism'' (1999–2008), ''Tandem-Phase'' (2008–2012) and ''Developed Putinism'' (2012–present). It is characterized by the concentration of political and financial powers in the hands of " siloviks", current and former "people with shoulder marks", coming from a total of 22 governmental enforcement agencies, the majority of them being the Federal Security Service (FSB), Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Armed Forces of Russia, and National Guard of Russia.Russia: Putin May Go, But Can 'Putinism' Survive? , By Brian Whitmore, |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secularism in Turkey, secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Although not directly involved in the Armenian genocide, his government would later grant immunity to remaining perpetrators. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted the Empire's partition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
