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Enzo, King Of Sardinia
Henry of Sardinia, better known as Enzo of Swabia (also Enzio; 14 March 1272) was an illegitimate son of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, who appointed him 'King of Sardinia' in 1238. He played a major role in the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines in the Imperial kingdom of Italy, and was captured by his enemies in 1249. He remained imprisoned in Bologna until his death. __TOC__ Biography Enzo was an illegitimate son of Frederick II by a certain Adelaide, a member of the Swabian noble House of Urslingen and relative of Duke Conrad I of Spoleto. He was the second of the emperor's illegitimate sons and allegedly the favourite one until the birth of Manfredi. He had a pleasant personality, a strong physical resemblance to his father, and also shared his love for the arts. Enzo fought in the ongoing wars of his father with Pope Gregory IX and the Northern Italian communes of the Lombard League. When Ubaldo Visconti died in 1238, the Doria noble family of Genoa, in or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Sardinia
Sardinia is traditionally known to have been initially ruled by the Nuragic civilization, which was followed by Greek colonization, conquest by the Carthagians, Carthaginians, and occupied by the Ancient Rome, Romans for around a thousand years, including the rule of the Vandals in the 5th and 6th centuries CE. Before the foundation of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was ruled by ''judices'', and some rulers obtained the title of King of Sardinia by the Holy Roman Emperor but did not gain effective authority to rule it. The title of as ''Rex Sardiniae et Corsicae'' (King of Sardinia and Corsica) was first established in 1297, when Pope Boniface VIII gave a royal investiture to James II of Aragon. The Crown of Aragon started effectively ruling Sardinia in 1323. Until 1479, when Ferdinand II of Aragon acknowledged Corsica as part of the Republic of Genoa, rulers of Sardinia used the nominal title of ''Rex Corsicae'' (King of Corsica). Corsica had been effectively ruled by Genoa si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombard League
The Lombard League (; ) was an alliance of cities formed in 1167, and supported by the popes, to counter the attempts by the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperors to establish direct royal administrative control over the cities of the Kingdom of Italy (which was part of the Holy Roman Empire) after many decades of de facto local self-governance. At its apex, it included most of the cities of Northern Italy, but its membership changed with time. With the death of the third and last Hohenstaufen emperor, Frederick II, in 1250, it became obsolete and was disbanded. Although having mainly a military purpose, the Lombard League also had its own stable government (, i.e. Regents of Lombardy), because of which it can be considered as one of the first examples of confederation in Europe. History The association succeeded the Veronese League, established in 1164 by Verona, Padua, Vicenza, and the Republic of Venice, after Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had claimed direct Imperial co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombardy
The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the river Po (river), Po, and includes Milan, its capital, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the EU. Its territory is divided into 1,502 ''comuni'' (the region with the largest number of ''comuni'' in the entire national territory), distributed among twelve administrative subdivisions (eleven Provinces of Italy, provinces plus the Metropolitan City of Milan). The region ranks first in Italy in terms of population, population density, and number of local authorities, while it is fourth in terms of surface area, after Sicily, Piedmont, and Sardinia. It is the second-most populous Region (Europe), region of the European Union (EU), and the List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicar General
A vicar general (previously, archdeacon) is the principal deputy of the bishop or archbishop of a diocese or an archdiocese for the exercise of administrative authority and possesses the title of local ordinary. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular church after the diocesan bishop or his equivalent in canon law. The title normally occurs only in Western Christian churches, such as the Latin Church of the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion. Among the Eastern churches, the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Kerala uses this title and remains an exception. The title for the equivalent officer in the Eastern churches is syncellus and protosyncellus. The term is used by many religious orders of men in a similar manner, designating the authority in the Order after its Superior General. Ecclesiastical structure In the Roman Catholi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzo Of Sardinia
Henry of Sardinia, better known as Enzo of Swabia (also Enzio; 14 March 1272) was an illegitimate son of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, who appointed him 'King of Sardinia' in 1238. He played a major role in the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines in the Imperial kingdom of Italy, and was captured by his enemies in 1249. He remained imprisoned in Bologna until his death. __TOC__ Biography Enzo was an illegitimate son of Frederick II by a certain Adelaide, a member of the Swabian noble House of Urslingen and relative of Duke Conrad I of Spoleto. He was the second of the emperor's illegitimate sons and allegedly the favourite one until the birth of Manfredi. He had a pleasant personality, a strong physical resemblance to his father, and also shared his love for the arts. Enzo fought in the ongoing wars of his father with Pope Gregory IX and the Northern Italian communes of the Lombard League. When Ubaldo Visconti died in 1238, the Doria noble family of Genoa, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barisone II Of Arborea
Barison II or Barisone II was the "Judge" (standing approximately for "King") of Arborea, one of the four Judicates of Sardinia, from 1146 to 1186. He was the son of Comita II and Elena de Orrubu.Also spelled ''Orruvu''. His reign was groundbreaking in Sardinian history. It saw the birth of Catalan influence, the escalation of the Genoese-Pisan conflict, and the first royal investiture over the entire island when Barisone was briefly recognised as King of Sardinia by the Holy Roman Emperor from 1164 to 1165. Barisone was born sometime early in the twelfth century. He may have been associated in the Judicate with his father from an unknown date. He succeeded immediately on his father's death. In his early years, he was on good terms with Pisa and at peace with the church. He attended the consecration ceremony of Santa Maria di Bonarcado with most of the Arborean clergy and Villano, Archbishop of Pisa, his overlord. He donated land from his demesne to the church. His reign bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cremona
Cremona ( , , ; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po (river), Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family. History Ancient Celtic origin Cremona is first mentioned in history as a settlement of the Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul), Cenomani, a Gauls, Gallic (Celtic) tribe that arrived in the Po River, Po valley around 400 BC. However, the name Cremona most likely dates back to earlier settlers and puzzled the ancients, who gave many fanciful interpretations. Roman military outpost In 218 BC the Ancient Rome, Romans established on that spot their first military outpos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and 16.45 km south of the French island of Corsica. It has over 1.5 million inhabitants as of 2025. It is one of the five Italian regions with some degree of Autonomous administrative division, domestic autonomy being granted by a Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, special statute. Its official name, Autonomous Region of Sardinia, is bilingual in Italian language, Italian and Sardinian language, Sardinian: / . It is divided into four provinces of Italy, provinces and a Metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city. Its capital (and largest city) is Cagliari. Sardinia's indigenous language and Algherese dialect, Algherese Catalan language, Catalan are referred to by both the regional and national law as two of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giudice Of Gallura
The kings or ''judges'' (''iudices'' or ''judikes'') of Gallura were the local rulers of the northeast of Sardinia during the Middle Ages. Theirs was the closest kingdom to Corsica. *Manfred (c. 1020 – c. 1040) * Baldo (c. 1040 – c. 1065) *Constantine I (c. 1065 – c. 1080) * Saltaro (c. 1080) * Torchitorio (c. 1080 – c. 1100) * Ittocorre (1100 – 1116) * Constantine II (1116 – c. 1133) * Comita (c. 1133 – 1146) * Constantine III (1146 – c. 1170) * Barisone II (c. 1170 – 1203) * Elena (1203 – 1218) * Lambert (1207 – 1225) * Ubaldo (1225 – 1238) *John (1238 – 1275) * Nino (1275 – 1296) *Joanna (1296 – 1308) :''Directly to Republic of Pisa The Republic of Pisa () was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian t ....'' Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giudicati
The Judicates (, or in Sardinian, in Latin, or in Italian), in English also referred to as Sardinian Kingdoms, Sardinian Judgedoms or Judicatures, were independent states that took power in Sardinia in the Middle Ages, between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. They were sovereign states with '' summa potestas'', each with a ruler called judge ( in Sardinian), with the powers of a king. Historical causes of the advent of the kingdoms After a relatively brief Vandal occupation (456–534), Sardinia was a province of the Byzantine Empire from 535 until the eighth century. After 705, with the rapid Arab expansion, Saracen pirates from North Africa began to raid the island and encountered no effective opposition by the Byzantine army. In 815, Sardinian ambassadors requested military assistance from the Carolingian Emperor Louis the Pious. In 807, 810–812, and 821–822 the Arabs of Spain and North Africa tried to invade the island but the Sardinians resisted se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Pisa
The Republic of Pisa () was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa. The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, leading to increased wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land. It lost its independence to Florence in 1406. The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical maritime republics of Italy. Rise to power During the High Middle Ages the city grew into a very important commercial and naval center and controlled a significant Mediterranean merchant fleet and navy. It expanded its influence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giudicato Of Logudoro
The Judicate of Logudoro or Torres ( or ''Torres'', ''Rennu de Logudoro'' or ''Logu de Torres'') was one of the four kingdoms or ''iudicati'' into which Sardinia was divided during the Middle Ages. It occupied the northwest part of the island from the 11th through the 13th century, bordering the Gallura to the east, Arborea to the south, and Cagliari to the southeast. Its original capital was Porto Torres. The region is still called Logudoro today. Logudoro was the largest and earliest of the ''iudicati'' but also the second to be subsumed by a foreign power. It was divided into twenty ''curatoriae'', ruled by ''curatores''. History Sardinia was an imperial province of the Byzantine Empire until the 9th century, when the Arabs and Berbers began pursuing aggressive policies of expansion and piracy in the Mediterranean. The gradual conquest of Sicily by these groups from 827 on effectively cut Sardinia off from the central government and military might of the Empire, and the Byza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
