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Enshitification
Enshittification, also known as crapification and platform decay, is a pattern in which two-sided market, two-sided Platform economy, online products and services decline in quality over time. Initially, vendors create high-quality offerings to attract users, then they degrade those offerings to better serve business customers, and finally degrade their services to users and business customers to maximize profits for shareholders. Writer Cory Doctorow coined the neologism ''enshittification'' in November 2022, though he was not the first to describe and label the concept. Doctorow's term has been widely adopted. The American Dialect Society selected it as its 2023 List of American Dialect Society's Words of the Year, Word of the Year, with Australia's ''Macquarie Dictionary'' following suit for 2024. Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com also list ''enshittification'' as a word. Doctorow advocates for two ways to reduce enshittification: upholding the end-to-end principle, which ass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-sided Market
In mathematics, specifically in topology of manifolds, a compact codimension-one submanifold F of a manifold M is said to be 2-sided in M when there is an embedding ::h\colon F\times 1,1to M with h(x,0)=x for each x\in F and ::h(F\times 1,1\cap \partial M=h(\partial F\times 1,1. In other words, if its normal bundle is trivial. This means, for example that a curve in a surface is 2-sided if it has a tubular neighborhood which is a cartesian product of the curve times an interval. A submanifold which is not 2-sided is called 1-sided. Examples Surfaces For curves on surfaces, a curve is 2-sided if and only if it preserves orientation, and 1-sided if and only if it reverses orientation: a tubular neighborhood is then a Möbius strip. This can be determined from the class of the curve in the fundamental group of the surface and the orientation character on the fundamental group, which identifies which curves reverse orientation. * An embedded circle in the plane is 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
