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Emanuels Grīnbergs
Emanuels Donats Frīdrihs Jānis Grinbergs (1911–1982, westernized as Emanuel Grinberg) was a Latvian mathematician, known for Grinberg's theorem on the Hamiltonicity of planar graphs.... Biography Grinbergs was born on January 25, 1911, in St. Petersburg, the son of a Lutheran bishop from Latvia. Latvia became independent from Russia in 1917, and on the death of his father in 1923, Grinbergs' family returned to Riga, taking Grinbergs with them. In 1927, he won a high school mathematics competition, the prize for which was to study in Lille, France. He then studied mathematics at the University of Latvia beginning in 1930. On graduating in 1934, he won a prize that again funded study in France; he did graduate studies in 1935 and 1936 at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, during which he published his first paper, in geometry. He returned to the University of Latvia as a ''privatdozent'' in 1937, and joined the faculty as a dozent in 1940. His lectures at that time covered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9million. The country has a Temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian language, Latvian. Russians in Latvia, Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian language, Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic, Swedish Livonia, Swedish, Inflanty Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group Theory
In abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as group (mathematics), groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as ring (mathematics), rings, field (mathematics), fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operation (mathematics), operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra. Linear algebraic groups and Lie groups are two branches of group theory that have experienced advances and have become subject areas in their own right. Various physical systems, such as crystals and the hydrogen atom, and Standard Model, three of the four known fundamental forces in the universe, may be modelled by symmetry groups. Thus group theory and the closely related representation theory have many important applications in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Group theory is also cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe became the first president while Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance over concerns about competing with the '' American Journal of Mathematics''. The result was the ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamiltonian Cycle
In the mathematics, mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path (graph theory), path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex (graph theory), vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle (or Hamiltonian circuit) is a cycle (graph theory), cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian path that starts and ends at adjacent vertices can be completed by adding one more edge to form a Hamiltonian cycle, and removing any edge from a Hamiltonian cycle produces a Hamiltonian path. The computational problems of determining whether such paths and cycles exist in graphs are NP-complete; see Hamiltonian path problem for details. Hamiltonian paths and cycles are named after William Rowan Hamilton, who invented the icosian game, now also known as ''Hamilton's puzzle'', which involves finding a Hamiltonian cycle in the edge graph of the dodecahedron. Hamilton solved this problem using the icosian calculus, an algebraic structur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spline Curve
In mathematics, a spline is a Function (mathematics), function defined piecewise by polynomials. In interpolation, interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results, even when using low Degree of a polynomial, degree polynomials, while avoiding Runge's phenomenon for higher degrees. In the computer science subfields of computer-aided design and computer graphics, the term ''spline'' more frequently refers to a piecewise polynomial (Parametric equation, parametric) curve. Splines are popular curves in these subfields because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design. The term spline comes from the flexible Flat spline, spline devices used by shipbuilders and technical drawing, draftsmen to draw smooth shapes. Introduction The term "spline" is used to refer to a wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic Filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits. This article covers those filters consisting of lumped-element model, lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters. That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a single point. These components can be in discrete packages or part of an integrated circuit. Electronic filters remove unwanted frequency components from the applied signal, enhance wanted ones, or both. They can be: *Passive filter, passive or active filter, active *analogue filter, analog or digital filter, digital *high-pass filter, high-pass, low-pass filter, low-pass, band-pass filter, band-pass, band-stop filter, band-stop (band-rejection; notch), or all-pass filter, all-pass. *discrete-time (sampled) or Continuous signal, continuous-time *linear filter, linear or non-linear filter, non-linear *infinite impulse response (IIR type) or finite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grinberg 5CEC Nonhamiltonian Graph
Grinberg is a surname, a Yiddish variant of Grünberg, literally "green mountain" in German. Notable people with the surname include: *Adam Grinberg, birth name of Adam Greenberg (cinematographer) (born 1939), Polish cinematographer * Alexander Grinberg, Soviet photographer *Anouk Grinberg (born 1963), Belgian actor * Emanuel Grinberg (1911–1982), Latvian mathematician *Gedalio Grinberg (1931–2009), Cuban-American watchmaker * Iosif Grinberg (1906–1980), Soviet literary critic *Ivan Grinberg (1908–1973), birth name of Philip Rahv *Jacobo Grinberg * Jacques Grinberg (1941-2011), neo-expressionist painter and printmaker * Linda Grinberg (1951–2002), American HIV/AIDS activist * Louise Grinberg *Maria Grinberg (1908–1978), Soviet pianist * Miguel Grinberg * Ricardo Grinberg (born 1948), Argentine chess master *Sara Topelson de Grinberg (born 1945), Polish-born Mexican architect * Suzanne Grinberg *Svetlana Grinberg * Uri Zvi Grinberg * Yoysef Grinberg (1900–1996), Polish- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvian Academy Of Sciences
The Latvian Academy of Sciences (, ) is the official science academy of Latvia and is an association of the country's foremost scientists. The academy was founded as the ''Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences'' (). It is located in Riga. The current president of the academy is Ivars Kalviņš. Building The Academy of Sciences edifice was built after World War II, between 1951 and 1961, collecting the necessary financing from the newly established kolkhozes in Latvia and – as further expenses increased, collecting the finances as "voluntary donations" deducted from the salaries of the Latvian rural population. The building is decorated with several hammer and sickle symbols as well as Latvian folk ornaments and motifs. The spire was originally decorated with a wreath and a five pointed star, which was removed after Latvia regained independence in 1991. Being tall, it was the first skyscraper in the republic and was the tallest building until the construction of the Swedbank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candidate Of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD-equivalent academic research degree in all the post-Soviet countries with the exception of Ukraine, and until the 1990s it was also awarded in Central and Eastern European countries. It is officially classified by UNESCO as International Standard Classification of Education, ISCED level 8, "doctoral or equivalent". In those countries conferring the Candidate of Sciences degrees, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate. The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy#USSR, Russian Federation and former Soviet Republics, Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries. Overview The degree was introduced in the USSR on 13 January 1934 by a decision of the Government of the Soviet Union, Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, all previous degrees, ranks and titles having been abolished imme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region on the coast of the Black Sea. It is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia, and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of . It has a Demographics of Georgia (country), population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city, Tbilisi. Ethnic Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation. Georgia has been inhabited since prehistory, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles. The Classical antiquity, classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Kingdom of Iberia, Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutaisi
Kutaisi ( ; ka, ქუთაისი ) is a city in the Imereti region of the Georgia (country), Republic of Georgia. One of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), fourth-most populous city in Georgia after Tbilisi, Batumi and Rustavi. It lies west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, and is the capital of Imereti. Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the political center of Colchis in the Middle Ages as the capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti. From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralize the Georgian government. History Archaeological evidence indicates that the city functioned as the capital of the Colchis in the sixth to fifth centuries BC. It is believed that, in ''Argonautica'', a Greek litera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvian Legion
The Latvian Legion () was a formation of the Nazi German Waffen-SS during World War II. Created in 1943, it consisted primarily of ethnic Latvians.Gerhard P. Bassler, ''Alfred Valdmanis and the politics of survival'', 2000, p150 Mirdza Kate Baltais, ''The Latvian Legion in documents'', 1999, p14 The legion consisted of two divisions of the Waffen-SS: the 15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian), and the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian). The 15th Division was administratively subordinated to the VI SS Corps, but operationally it was in reserve or at the disposal of the XXXXIII Army Corps, 16th Army, Army Group North. The 19th Division held out in the Courland Pocket until May 1945, the close of World War II, when it was among the last of Nazi Germany's forces to surrender. Creation The Latvian Legion was created in January 1943 on the orders of Adolf Hitler following a request by Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS. The initial core of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
