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Elżbieta Czyżewska
Elżbieta Justyna Czyżewska (May 14, 1938 – June 17, 2010) was a Polish actress active in both Poland and the United States. She began her career in Poland before moving to New York City in the 1960s. She gained critical acclaim in the early 1960s that culminated in breakthrough performances in '' The Saragossa Manuscript'' (1964, dir. Wojciech Jerzy Has), ''Marriage of Convenience'' (1966, dir. Stanisław Bareja) and '' Everything for Sale'' (1969, dir. Andrzej Wajda). Czyżewska received the Obie Award for Distinguished Performance by an Actress in 1990 for ''Crowbar''. Early life Czyżewska was born in Warsaw in 1938. She attended the State Academy of Theatre in Warsaw and was advised by the dean that in order to play leading roles in romantic repertory theater, she should undergo plastic surgery to reduce the size of her breasts. She refused after consulting with her colleagues in the anti-establishment Student Satirical Theatre. Her first marriage was to film directo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Charming
Prince Charming is a fairy tale stock character archetype who comes to the rescue of a damsel in distress and must engage in a quest to liberate her from an evil spell. This classification suits most heroes of a number of traditional folk tales, including "Snow White", "Sleeping Beauty", "Rapunzel" and "Cinderella", even if in the original story they were given another name, or no name at all. Elements of the Prince Charming character date at least back to Charles Perrault's ''Sleeping Beauty'', published in 1697. Often handsome and romantic, these characters are essentially interchangeable, serving as a foil to the heroine; in many variants, they can be viewed as a metaphor for a reward the heroine achieves for the decisions she makes. The prominence of the character type makes him an obvious and frequent target for revisionist fairy tales, usually portraying him as narcissistic, dimwitted, and solely focused on romance, and often as a foil to either the heroine or their true ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hollywood (film Industry)
The cinema of the United States, primarily associated with major film studios collectively referred to as Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood, has significantly influenced the global film industry since the early 20th century. Classical Hollywood cinema, a filmmaking style developed in the 1910s, continues to shape many American films today. While French filmmakers Auguste and Louis Lumière are often credited with modern cinema's origins, American filmmaking quickly rose to global dominance. As of 2017, more than 600 :English-language films, English-language films were released annually in the U.S., making it the fourth-largest producer of films, trailing only Cinema of India, India, Cinema of Japan, Japan, and Cinema of China, China. Although the Cinema of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom, Cinema of Canada, Canada, Cinema of Australia, Australia, and Cinema of New Zealand, New Zealand also produce English-language films, they are not directly part of the Hollywood system. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solidarność
Solidarity (, ), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" ( , abbreviated ''NSZZ „Solidarność”''), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Gdańsk Shipyard, Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Polish People's Republic, Poland. Subsequently, it was the first independent trade union in a Warsaw Pact country to be recognised by the state. The union's membership peaked at 10 million in September 1981, representing one-third of the country's working-age population. In 1983 Solidarity's leader Lech Wałęsa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and the union is widely recognized as having played a central role in the History of Poland (1945–1989)#Final decade of the Polish People's Republic (1980–1989), end of communist rule in Poland. This led to the appointment of the first noncommunist Prime Minister since the 1940s. In the 1980s, Solidarity was a broad anti-authoritarian social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lech Wałęsa
Lech Wałęsa (; ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as the president of Poland between 1990 and 1995. After winning the 1990 Polish presidential election, 1990 election, Wałęsa became the first democratically elected president of Poland since 1922 Polish presidential elections, 1926 and the first-ever Polish president elected by Direct election, popular vote. An electrician by trade, Wałęsa became the leader of the Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity movement and led a successful pro-democratic effort, which in 1989 ended Communist rule in Poland and ushered in the end of the Cold War. While working at the Lenin Shipyard (now Gdańsk Shipyard), Wałęsa, an electrician, became a trade-union activist, for which he was persecuted by the Polish Council of State, government, placed under surveillance, fired in 1976, and arrested several times. In August 1980, he was instrumental in political negotiations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The First Circle (1973 Film)
''The First Circle'' () is a 1973 English-language drama film directed by Aleksander Ford and starring . It is an adaptation of the novel '' In the First Circle'' by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. The film was a co-production between Danish and West German companies. Plot An outspoken scientist is sent to a brutal Soviet labor camp in Siberia. As he dreams of escape, his tormentors can't break his independent spirit. Cast * as Gleb Nerzhin * Elżbieta Czyżewska as Simochka * Peter Steen as Volodin * Vera Tschechowa as Clara * Ole Ernst as Ruska Doronin * Ingolf David as Rubin * Preben Neergaard as Bobynin * Preben Lerdorff Rye Preben Lerdorff Rye (23 May 1917 – 15 June 1995) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 92 films between 1941 and 1989. He was born and died in Denmark. Selected filmography * '' The Child'' (1940) – Jurastuderende * '' En ganske almind ... as professor Chelnov * Per Bentzon Goldschmidt as Bulatov * Ole Ishøy as Siromakha References External links ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Soviet and Russian author and Soviet dissidents, dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system. He was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature". His non-fiction work ''The Gulag Archipelago'' "amounted to a head-on challenge to the Soviet state" and sold tens of millions of copies. Solzhenitsyn was born into a family that defied the USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928), Soviet anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and remained devout members of the Russian Orthodox Church. However, he initially lost his faith in Christianity, became an atheist, and embraced Marxism–Leninism. While serving as a captain in the Red Army during World War II, Solzhenitsyn was arrested by SMERSH and sentenced to eight years in the Gulag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksander Ford
Aleksander Ford (born Mosze Lifszyc; 24 November 1908 in Kiev, Russian Empire – 4 April 1980 in Naples, Florida, United States, U.S.) was a Polish film director and head of the Polish People's Army of Poland, People's Army Film Crew in the Soviet Union during World War II. Following the war, he was appointed director of the Film Polski company. In 1948 he was appointed a professor of the National Film School in Łódź (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa). Roman Polanski and Polish film director Andrzej Wajda were among his students. Amid an anti-Semitic purge in the Polish United Workers' Party, communist party in Poland, Ford was stopped from preparing a film on the life of a Jewish educator. Shortly afterwards he emigrated to Israel in 1968 and from there to the United States, going through West Germany, Germany and Denmark. He took his own life in 1980 in Naples, Florida.Dr. Edyta Gawron, Department of Jewish Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków "Contemporary history o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 Polish Political Crisis
A series of major student, intellectual and other protests against the ruling Polish United Workers' Party of the Polish People's Republic took place in Poland in March 1968. The crisis led to the suppression of student strikes by security forces in all major academic centres across the country and the subsequent repression of the Polish dissident movement. It was also accompanied by mass emigration following an antisemitic (branded "anti-Zionist") campaign waged by the minister of internal affairs, General Mieczysław Moczar, with the approval of First Secretary Władysław Gomułka of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). The protests overlapped with the events of the Prague Spring in neighboring Czechoslovakia – raising new hopes of democratic reforms among the intelligentsia. The Czechoslovak unrest culminated in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia on 20 August 1968.Monika Krawczyk (March 2013)Nie zapomnę o Tobie, Polsko! (I will not forget you, Poland). Forum Żyd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janusz Nasfeter
Janusz Nasfeter (15 August 1920 in Warsaw – 1 April 1998 in Warsaw) was a Polish film director, screenwriter and writer. A graduate of the National Film School in Łódź (1951). Mostly known for films addressed to children but with a universal meaning, for which he received numerous awards at the film festivals in Gdańsk, San Sebastián, Moscow, Belgrade, Venice, Tehran and many others at the Filmpolski Database In the 1960s, he succeeded also in making a war film ''Ranny w lesie'' (1964), a psychological war drama ''Weekend z dziewczyną'' (1968), as well as a crime film ''Zbrodniarz i panna'' (1963) with and ''Niekochana'' (1966) with |
After The Fall (play)
''After the Fall'' is a play by the American dramatist Arthur Miller. Productions The play premiered on Broadway at the ANTA Washington Square Theatre on January 23, 1964, and closed on May 29, 1965 after 208 performances. Directed by Elia Kazan, who collaborated with Miller on the script, the cast starred Barbara Loden as Maggie and Jason Robards Jr. as Quentin, along with Ralph Meeker as Mickey, Salome Jens as Holga, and an early appearance by Faye Dunaway as Nurse. Barbara Loden, who would become Kazan's wife in 1967, won the 1964 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play, and Jason Robards was nominated for the 1964 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play. In 1984, the play was revived Off-Broadway at Playhouse 91, where it ran from October 4 to December 2 that year. Directed by John Tillinger, the cast starred Frank Langella and Dianne Wiest. In 2004, the play was revived on Broadway at the American Airlines Theatre in a Roundabout Theatre Company production from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
