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Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, presently ranging southward in the Middle East to Lebanon and Israel,Flora of Israel OnlineUlmus minor Mill. , Flora of Israel Online accessdate: July 28, 2020 and across the Equator in the Far East into Indonesia.Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, US. Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests. Moreover, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, many species and cultivars were also planted as ornamental street, garden, and park trees in Europe, North America, and parts of the Southern Hemisphere, notably Australasia. Some individual elms reached great size ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Elm Synonyms And Accepted Names
Synonym References {{Reflist *Bean, W. J. (1981). ''Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain'', 7th edition. Murray, London. *Brummitt, R. K. (1992). ''Vascular Plant Families & Genera''. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, London, UK. *Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). ''The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland''. Vol. VII. pp 1848–1929. Private publicatio*Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA*Masters, W. (1831)''Hortus Duroverni'' 1831. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green, London. *Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. (1971). Elms of the Himalaya. ''Kew Bulletin, Vol. 26 (1)''. Kew, London. *Richens, R. H. (1983). ''Elm''. Cambridge University Press. Ulmus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulmus Minor
''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland, although it may have been introduced by humans. The tree's typical habitat is low-lying forest along the main rivers, growing in association with oak and ash, where it tolerates summer floods as well as droughts.Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). ''Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen'' (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. Current treatment of the species owes much to Richens, who noted (1983) that several varieties of field elm are distinguishable on the European mainland. Of these, he listed the small-leaved ''U. minor'' of France and Spain; the narrow-leaved ''U. minor'' of northern and central Italy; the densely hairy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Elm Cultivars, Hybrids And Hybrid Cultivars
The starting-points for List of elm cultivars, hybrids and hybrid cultivars were fourfold: (1) Peter Shaw Green, Green's 'Registration of Cultivar Names in ''Ulmus'' ' (1964), based on the contemporary nomenclature of elm species and wild hybrids; (2) Johann Gerd Krüssmann, Krüssmann's confirmation or correction of cultivar-names in his monumental ''Handbuch der Laubgehölze'' (1976); (3) Hans Heybroek, Heybroek's table of Netherlands research clones in his essay 'Resistant elms for Europe' (1983; updated to include North American cultivars, 1996); and (4) Santamour and Bentz's 'Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America' (1995). Since the 1990s there have been many new cultivars, some 'disease-resistant', either species cultivars (e.g. Ulmus minor 'Ademuz', ''U. minor'' 'Ademuz', Ulmus americana 'New Harmony', ''U. americana'' 'New Harmony') or cultivars with complex hybrid origins, the subject of ongoing trials. Information on these is taken from post-1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Elm Species
''Ulmus'' subgenera and sectional classification Classification of ''Ulmus'' is based primarily on Whittemore ''et al'' 2021. Previous ''Ulmus'' classifications include Wiegrefe ''et al'' 1994, and Melville & Heybroek 1971.Melville, R. & Heybroek, H. (1971). Elms of the Himalaya. ''Kew Bulletin, Vol. 26 (1)''. Kew, London. *Subgenus ''Indoptelea'' **'' Ulmus villosa'' - marn or cherry bark elm *Subgenus ''Oreoptelea'' **''U.'' section ''Blepharocarpus'' ***''Ulmus americana'' - American elm, white elm ***'' Ulmus laevis'' - European white elm, fluttering elm, spreading elm, (US) Russian elm **** ''Ulmus laevis'' var. ''celtidea'' **** ''Ulmus laevis'' var. ''laevis'' **** ''Ulmus laevis'' var. ''parvifolia'' **** ''Ulmus laevis'' var. ''simplicidens'' **''U.'' section ''Chaetoptelea'' ***'' Ulmus alata'' - winged elm, Wahoo ***'' Ulmus crassifolia'' - cedar elm ***'' Ulmus elongata'' - long raceme elm ***'' Ulmus ismaelis'' ***'' Ulmus mexicana'' - Mexican elm ***'' Ulmus serotina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bark Beetle
A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood to be a specialized clade of the "true weevil" family (Curculionidae). Although the term "bark beetle" refers to the fact that many species feed in the inner bark (phloem) layer of trees, the subfamily also has many species with other lifestyles, including some that bore into wood, feed in fruit and seeds, or tunnel into herbaceous plants. Well-known species are members of the type genus '' Scolytus'', namely the European elm bark beetle ''S. multistriatus'' and the large elm bark beetle ''S. scolytus'', which like the American elm bark beetle '' Hylurgopinus rufipes'', transmit Dutch elm disease fungi (''Ophiostoma''). The mountain pine beetle ''Dendroctonus ponderosae'', southern pine beetle '' Dendroctonus frontalis'', and their near relatives are major pests of conifer forests in North America. A similarly aggres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Coker
East Coker is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. Its nearest town is Yeovil, to the north. The village has a population of 1,667. The parish includes the hamlets and areas of North Coker, Burton, Holywell, Coker Marsh, Darvole, Nash, Keyford as well as the southern end of the Wraxhill area. History A Roman villa was discovered in East Coker in the 18th century and subsequent excavation has discovered artefacts including a mosaic; however, further work is needed to fully identify the plan of the building. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the villages of West and East Coker were known as ''Cocre''. The parish was part of the hundred of Houndsborough. The Manor of East Coker was held by the Courtenay family of Powderham from 1306 until 1591. They built Coker Court as the manor house which was eventually sold to Edward Phelips, a wealthy landowner in the region. Upon Edward's death, the manor was left to his trustee, William Helyar, whose family it descended in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words (, "pale green") and (, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll ''a'' and ''b''. History Chlorophyll was first isolated and named by Joseph Bienaimé Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samara (fruit)
A samara (, ) is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a Simple fruit, simple dry fruits, dry fruit, and is Dehiscence (botany), indehiscent (not Dehiscence (botany), opening along a seam). The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed further away from the tree than regular seeds would go, and is thus a form of anemochory. In some cases the seed is in the centre of the wing, as in the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), the hoptree (''Ptelea trifoliata''), and the bushwillows (genus ''Combretum''). In other cases the seed is on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed autorotation (helicopter), autorotate as it falls, as in the maples (genus ''Acer (plant), Acer'') and ash trees (genus ''Fraxinus''). There are also single-wing samara such as mahogany (genus Swietenia) which have a shape that enables fluttering. Some species that normally produce paired samaras, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (weight)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol (when there might otherwise be a risk of confusion with the pound-force) is lbm (for most pound definitions), # ( chiefly in the U.S.), and or ̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman (hence the symbol ''lb'', descended from the scribal abbreviation, '). The English word ''pound'' comes from the Roman ('the weight measured in '), and is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . These units are now designated as historical and are no longer in common usage, being replaced by the metric system. Usage of the unq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acuminate
The following terms are used to describe leaf plant morphology, morphology in the description and taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflet (botany), leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, and may be smooth or have hair, bristles, or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf#Terminology, leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Shape
The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade is divided into two or more leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, and may be smooth or have hair, bristles, or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaves
A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue is the palisade mesophyll and is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf, but in some species, including the mature foliage of ''Eucalyptus'', palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. The leaf is an integral part of the stem system, and most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper ( adaxial) and lower ( abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax, and other features. Leaves are mostly green in color due to the presence of a compound called chlorop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
