|
Eleos
In ancient Athens, Eleos (Ancient Greek m.) or Elea was the personification of compassion. Pausanias described her as "among all the gods the most useful to human life in all its vicissitudes."''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology''. Cited in Mythology Pausanias states that there was an altar in Athens dedicated to Eleos, at which children of Heracles sought refuge from Eurystheus' prosecution. Adrastus also came to this altar after the defeat of the Seven against Thebes, praying that those who died in the battle be buried. Eleos was only recognized in Athens, where she was honored by the cutting of hair and the undressing of garments at the altar. Statius in ''Thebaid'' (1st century) describes the altar to Clementia in Athens (treating Eleos as feminine based on the grammatical gender in Latin): "There was in the midst of the city f Athensan altar belonging to no god of power; gentle Clementia (Clemency) leoshad there her seat, and the wretched made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soteria (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Soteria () was the goddess or spirit ( daimon) of safety and salvation, deliverance, and preservation from harm (not to be mistaken for Eleos). Soteria was also an epithet of the goddesses Persephone and Hecate, meaning deliverance and safety.Sarah Iles Johnston, ''Hekate Soteira'', Scholars Press, 1990. Soteria's male counterpart was the spirit or daimon Soter. Both Zeus and Dionysus were titled Soter, so either may have been her father; her mother is unknown. She had a sanctuary and a statue made in her honor in the town of Patrae, which was believed to have been founded by Eurypylos of Thessaly. Various texts mention the creation of her sanctuary, for example: * Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' 7. 24. 3 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue 2nd century AD): " n Aigion in Akhaia (Aegium in Achaea)they also have a sanctuary of Soteria (Safety). Her image may be seen by none but the priests, and the following ritual is performed. They take cakes of the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clementia
In Roman mythology and ancient religion, Clementia is the goddess of clemency, leniency, mercy, forgiveness, penance, redemption, absolution, acquittal, and salvation. Description She was defined as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following Caesar's civil war with Pompey from 49 BC. In 44 BC, a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Caesar's instigation as Caesar was keen to demonstrate that he had this virtue. In a letter to his friend Atticus, Cicero is discussing Caesar's ''clementia'': "You will say they are frightened. I dare say they are, but I'll be bound they're more frightened of Pompey than of Caesar. They are delighted with his artful clemency and fear the other's wrath." Again in ''Pro rege Deiotaro'' (For King Deiotarus) Cicero discusses Caesar's virtue of ''clementia''. Cult There is not much information surrounding Clementia's cult; it would seem that she was merely an abstraction of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invidia
In Latin, ''invidia'' is the sense of envy, a "looking upon" associated with the evil eye, from ''invidere'', "to look against, to look in a hostile manner." ''Invidia'' ("Envy") is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief. ''Invidia'' and magic The material culture and literature of ancient Rome offer numerous examples of rituals and magic spells intended to avert ''invidia'' and the evil eye. When a Roman general celebrated a triumph, the Vestal Virgins suspended a '' fascinus'', or phallic effigy, under the chariot to ward off ''invidia''. Envy is the vice most associated with witches and magic. The witch's protruding tongue alludes to Ovid's Invidia who has a poisoned tongue. The witch and Invidia share a significant feature – the Evil eye. The term ''invidia'' stems from the Latin ''invidere'', "to look too closely". One type of the aggressive gaze is the "biting eye", often associated with envy, and reflects the ancient belief that envy originates from the eye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemesis (mythology)
In ancient Greek religion and myth, Nemesis (; ) also called Rhamnousia (or Rhamnusia; ), was the goddess who personified retribution for the sin of hubris: arrogance before the gods. Etymology The name ''Nemesis'' is derived from the Greek word , ''némein'', meaning "to give what is due", from Proto-Indo-European *''nem-'' "distribute". Family According to Hesiod's ''Theogony'', Nemesis was one of the children of Nyx alone. Nemesis has been described as the daughter of Oceanus, Erebus, or Zeus, but according to Hyginus she was a child of Erebus and Nyx. Some made her the daughter of Zeus by an unnamed mother. In several traditions, Nemesis was seen as the mother of Helen of Troy by Zeus, adopted and raised by Leda and Tyndareus. According to the Byzantine poet Tzetzes, Bacchylides had Nemesis as the mother of the Telchines by Tartarus. Mythology Fortune and retribution The word ''nemesis'' originally meant the distributor of fortune, neither good nor bad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Justice
Lady Justice () is an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems. Her attributes are scales, a sword and sometimes a blindfold. She often appears as a pair with Prudentia. Lady Justice originates from the personification of Justice in ancient Roman art known as ''Iustitia'' or ''Justitia'', who is equivalent to the Greek goddess Themis. The goddess Justitia The origin of Lady Justice was Justitia (or Iustitia), the goddess of Justice within Roman mythology. Justitia was introduced by emperor Augustus, and was thus not a very old deity in the Roman pantheon. Justice was one of the virtues celebrated by emperor Augustus in his , and a temple of Justitia was established in Rome by emperor Tiberius. Justitia became a symbol for the virtue of justice with which every emperor wished to associate his regime; emperor Vespasian minted coins with the image of the goddess seated on a throne called ''Iustitia Augusta'', and many emperors after him used the imag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justitia
Lady Justice () is an Allegory, allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems. Her attributes are Weighing scale, scales, a sword and sometimes a blindfold. She often appears as a pair with Prudentia. Lady Justice originates from the personification of Justice in ancient Roman art known as ''Iustitia'' or ''Justitia'', who is equivalent to the Greek goddess Themis. The goddess Justitia The origin of Lady Justice was Justitia (or Iustitia), the goddess of Justice within Roman mythology. Justitia was introduced by emperor Augustus, and was thus not a very old deity in the Roman pantheon. Justice was one of the virtues celebrated by emperor Augustus in his , and a temple of Justitia was established in Rome by emperor Tiberius. Justitia became a symbol for the virtue of justice with which every emperor wished to associate his regime; emperor Vespasian minted coins with the image of the goddess seated on a throne called ''Iustitia Augusta'', and many emperors a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Athens
Athens is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BC, and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of Western world, Western civilization. The earliest evidence for human habitation in Athens dates back to the Neolithic period. The Acropolis of Athens, Acropolis served as a fortified center during the Mycenaean Greece, Mycenaean era. By the 8th century BC, Athens had evolved into a prominent city-state, or Polis, ''polis'', within the region of Attica. The 7th and 6th centuries BC saw the establishment of legal codes, such as those by Draco (legislator), Draco, Solon and Cleisthenes, which aimed to address social inequalities and set the stage for the development of democracy. In the early 5th century BC, Athens played a central role in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prudentia
Prudence (, contracted from meaning "seeing ahead, sagacity") is the ability to govern and discipline oneself by the use of reason. It is classically considered to be a virtue, and in particular one of the four cardinal virtues (which are, with the three theological virtues, part of the seven virtues). Prudentia is an allegorical female personification of the virtue, whose attributes are a mirror and snake, and who is frequently depicted as a pair with Justitia, the Roman goddess of Justice. The word derives from the 14th-century Old French word , which, in turn, derives from the Latin meaning "foresight, sagacity". It is often associated with wisdom, insight, and knowledge. The virtue of prudence is the ability to judge between virtuous and vicious actions, not only in a general sense, but with regard to appropriate actions at a given time and place. Although prudence itself does not perform any actions, and is concerned solely with knowledge, all virtues are regulated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brill's New Pauly
The Pauly encyclopedias or the Pauly-Wissowa family of encyclopedias, are a set of related encyclopedia An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into article (publishing), articles or entries that are arranged Alp ...s on Greco-Roman topics and scholarship. The first of these, or (1839–1852), was begun by compiler August Pauly. Other encyclopedias in the set include ''Pauly–Wissowa'' (1890–1978), ''Little Pauly'' (1964–1975), and ''The New Pauly'' (1996–2012). Ur-Pauly The first edition was the ("Practical Encyclopedia of the Study of Classical Ancient History in Alphabetical Order") originally compiled by August Friedrich Pauly. As the basis for the subsequent PaulyWissowa edition, it is also known as the . The first volume was published in 1839 but Pauly died in 1845 before the last was completed. Christian Waltz (18021857 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zachariel
Zerachiel or Zachariel ( Hebrew: זְכַרְאֵל ''Zəḵarʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Zăḵarʾēl'', God has remembered) also known as "Zakhariel" or "Saraqael", is one of the Archangels who leads souls to judgement. In Enoch I (the Book of Enoch) (Chapter 20) he is listed as one of the seven holy angels who watch; the angel who is set over the spirits who sin in the spirit. In the list of Pope Gregory I, one of the seven archangels is called Zachariel. See also * List of angels in theology * (''Injustice''): Lucifer/Satan Satan, also known as the Devil, is a devilish entity in Abrahamic religions who seduces humans into sin (or falsehood). In Judaism, Satan is seen as an agent subservient to God, typically regarded as a metaphor for the '' yetzer hara'', or ' ... * (''Aspects of Justice'') ** (''Justice'') Raguel ** (''Retribution'') Angel of Death ** (''Redemption'') Zadkiel References Archangels Individual angels {{Judaism-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zadkiel
Zadkiel ( , 'God is my Righteousness'), also known as Hasdiel, is an archangel in Jewish and Christian angelology. Abraham sacrifice As an angel of mercy, some texts claim that Zadkiel is the unnamed biblical Angel of the Lord who holds back Abraham to prevent the patriarch from sacrificing his son, Isaac. Because of this, he is usually shown holding a dagger. Other texts cite Michael or ''Tadhiel'' or some other angel as the angel intended, while others interpret the Angel of the Lord as a theophany. Associated symbolism In Jewish mysticism and Christian Kabbalah, Zadkiel is associated with the classical planet Jupiter. The angel's position in the sephirot is fourth, which corresponds to Chesed "Kindness". See also *List of angels in theology *Sydyk Sydyk (, in some manuscripts ''Sydek'' or ''Sedek'') was the name of a deity appearing in a theogony provided by Roman-era Phoenician writer Philo of Byblos in an account preserved by Eusebius in his '' Praeparatio evange ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrestia
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Adrasteia (; , ), also spelled Adrastia, Adrastea, Adrestia, Adrestea, Adastreia or Adrasta, originally a Phrygian mountain goddess, probably associated with Cybele, was later a Cretan nymph, and daughter of Melisseus, who was charged by Rhea with nurturing the infant Zeus in secret, to protect him from his father Cronus. By at latest the fifth century BC, she became identified with Nemesis, the goddess of divine retribution. Cult Adrasteia was the goddess of "inevitable fate", representing "pressing necessity", and the inescapability of punishment. She had a cult at Cyzicus (with nearby temple), and on the Phrygian Mount Ida. Adrasteia was also the object of public worship in Athens from at least as early as 429 BC. Her name appears in the "Accounts of the Treasurers of the Other Gods", associated with the Thracian goddess Bendis, with whom she seems to have shared a treasury or accounts, indicating that in Athens her cult was supporte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
