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Elek Köblös
Elek Köblös (; 12 May 1887 – 9 October 1938) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Hungarian and Romanian communist activist and political leader. He was also known by the pseudonyms ''Balthazar'', ''Bădulescu'', and ''Dănilă''. He served as general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1924 to 1927 and was executed in the Soviet Union during the Great Purge. Biography Early years Köblös was born on 12 May 1887 into an ethnic Hungarian family in Sáromberke (present-day ''Dumbrăvioara'', part of Ernei, Mureș County) in Transylvania. After completing elementary school in his native village, he continued his studies in Nagyenyed (today Aiud, Romania). He dropped out of school after four years, and started as an apprentice carpenter in Marosvásárhely (today Târgu Mureș). As a carpenter, Köblös became active in the trade union movement and was won over to the ideas of revolutionary socialism. He took part in revolutionary activities in the Austria-Hungary, Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoover Institution
The Hoover Institution (officially The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace and formerly The Hoover Institute and Library on War, Revolution, and Peace) is an American public policy think tank which promotes personal and economic liberty, free enterprise, and limited government. While the institution is formally a unit of Stanford University, it maintains an independent board of overseers and relies on its own income and donations. It is widely described as conservative, although its directors have contested the idea that it is partisan. The institution began in 1919 as a library founded by Stanford alumnus Herbert Hoover prior to his presidency in order to house his archives gathered during World War I. The well-known Hoover Tower was built to house the archives, then known as the Hoover War Collection (now the Hoover Institution Library and Archives), and contained material related to World War I, World War II, and other global events. The collection was re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugen Rozvan
Eugen Rozvan (; Russian: Евгений Георгиевич Розвань, ''Evgeny Georgiyevich Rozvan''; December 28, 1878 — June 16, 1938) was a Hungarian-born Romanian communist activist, lawyer, and Marxist historian, who settled in the Soviet Union late in his life and was executed during the Great Purge. Biography Early activism He was born in Nagyszalonta (Salonta), Transylvania (part of Austria-Hungary at the time), in a family of Aromanian origins.Fuchs, p. 589Tismăneanu, p.56 His father, , was a lawyer and a historian, having fought as an officer during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Rozvan attended the University of Budapest, where he became a supporter of socialist ideals, being influenced by the ideas of Ervin Szabó.Arvatu; Tismăneanu, p.56 He continued his studies in law at the University of Berlin, and, after receiving his doctorate, returned to his homeland and enrolled in the Social Democratic Party (SZDP). In the following period he worked towards the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Pauker
Marcel Pauker (rendered in Russian as ''Марцел Паукер'', ''Martsel Pauker''; December 6, 1896, Bucharest – August 16, 1938, Butovo, near Moscow) was a Romanian communist militant and husband of the future Romanian Communist leader Ana Pauker. During his life, Pauker took a series of pseudonyms, the ones used most being: ''Burghezul'', ''Herman Gugenheim'', ''Paul Lampart'', ''Luximin'', ''Puiu'', ''Priu'', ''Semionovici Marin'', ''Stepan'', and ''Paul Weiss''. Early life Born to a secular Jewish family, Marcel Pauker was a polyglot, and noted speaker of Esperanto. He briefly studied engineering in Zürich, before enlisting as an artillery cadet and becoming a Second Lieutenant in 1916 (during World War I). Between 1919 and 1921, he lived in Switzerland for a second time, receiving his diploma in engineering. Militancy In December 1921, Pauker was designated a member of the Provisional Committee of the Communist Party of Romania. In 1922, he became a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu
Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (; 4 November 1900 – 17 April 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of the Communist Party of Romania (PCR), also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist. For a while, he was a professor at the University of Bucharest. Pătrășcanu rose to a government position before the end of World War II and, after having disagreed with Stalinist tenets on several occasions, eventually came into conflict with the Romanian Communist government of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. He became a political prisoner and was ultimately executed. Fourteen years after Pătrășcanu's death, Romania's new communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, endorsed his rehabilitation as part of a change in policy. Early life Pătrășcanu was born in Bacău to a leading political family, as the son of Poporanist figure Dimitrie D. Pătrășcanu (Lucrețiu's mother, Lucreția, was a scion of the Stoika family of Transylvanian petty nobility). He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea
Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Alexandru Gherea (rendered in Russian language, Russian as ''Александр Доброджану-Геря'' or ''Доброжану-Гере'' - ''Aleksandr Dobrodzhanu-Gerya'' /''Dobrozhanu-Gere''; 7 July 1879 —4 November 1937) was a Romanian communist Militant (word), militant and son of socialist, sociologist and literary critic Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea. He also used the pseudonyms of ''G. Alexe'' and ''Sașa''/''Sasha''. Socialist activism He was born in Ploiești, the son of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea and his wife, Sofia Parcevska. He studied engineering at the Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Berlin, becoming a member of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party in 1910. During World War I, Gherea served in a field artillery regiment. He joined the Socialist Party of Romania (the revived form of the Social Democrats) in 1918, and was one of its five delegates (one of the others was Gheorghe Cristescu) to the 1920 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Cristescu
Gheorghe Cristescu (October 10, 1882 in Copaciu, Giurgiu County – November 29, 1973 in Timișoara) was a Romanian socialist and, for a part of his life, communist militant. Nicknamed "Plăpumarul" ("The Blanket Maker"), he is also occasionally referred to as "Omul cu lavaliera roșie" ("The man with the red four-in-hand necktie"), after the most notable of his accessories. Biography Early activism Born in Copaciu (at the time part of Ilfov County, presently in Giurgiu County), Cristescu trained as a blanket-maker and became the owner of a blanket-making shop. Active in socialist circles as early as 1898, he soon became a leading member of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (up to 1899, when the Party disbanded). In 1900, he joined the leadership of the only surviving group of the Party, its Bucharest socialist circle, '' România Muncitoare'' (led by Christian Rakovsky).Ornea, p.522 Up until the creation of a Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR) on January ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ploiești
Ploiești ( , , ), formerly spelled Ploești, is a Municipiu, city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania. Part of the historical region of Muntenia, it is located north of Bucharest. The area of Ploiești is around , and it borders the Blejoi commune in the north, Bărcănești, Prahova, Bărcănești and Brazi communes in the south, Târgșoru Vechi commune in the west, and Bucov and Berceni, Prahova, Berceni communes in the east. According to the 2021 Romanian census, 2021 census, Ploiești is the List of cities and towns in Romania, tenth most populous city in the country with a population of 180,540. The city grew beginning with the 17th century on an estate bought by ruler Michael the Brave from the local landlords, gradually replacing nearby Wallachian fairs of Târgșor, Gherghița, and Bucov. Its development was accelerated by heavy industrialisation during the mid-19th century, with the world's first large-scale oil refinery, petroleum refinery being opened between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dealul Spirii Trial
Dealul Spirii Trial (Romanian language, Romanian: ''Procesul din Dealul Spirii'') was a political trial conducted from January to June 1922 by a military tribunal in the Kingdom of Romania. 271 members of the Communist Party of Romania were accused of treason after voting for the inclusion of the party into the Comintern, Third International. The defendants were convicted and later pardoned. The trial — the largest anti-communist trial in the country during the interwar period — was the first step of the repression of communists in the Kingdom of Romania. Less than two years after the trial, the parliament voted a total ban of the Communist Party and Communism, communist ideology; for the next two decades, the government enforced a violent repression against the communists and labour unions. A number of politicians and intellectuals, including Nicolae Iorga, Dem I. Dobrescu, and Iuliu Maniu voiced their discontent over the lack of constitutional basis for the trial. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
