|
El último Cartucho
''El último cartucho'' (Spanish language, Spanish for "The Last Cartridge") is an 1899 oil painting by Peruvian painter Juan Lepiani. It forms part of the collection of the Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum. Context The painting depicts a chapter of the War of the Pacific, where the armies of Chile and Peru fought in the battle of Arica, where Francisco Bolognesi, commander of the Peruvian Army, was killed in action. Bolognesi's rejection of a surrender, which preceded the battle, is depicted in Lepiani's 1891 painting ''La respuesta (painting), La respuesta''. The painting process carried out by Lepiani involved him travelling to the Morro de Arica, Rock of Arica to take photographs and notes of the area, exhume bodies and to speak with former soldiers and local Peruvians. It was first shown on that same year at the Casa Dubois, located at the corners of Jirón de la Unión and Jirón Moquegua in Lima. Then president Eduardo López de Romaña was impressed by the work, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Lepiani
José Juan de Dios Mateo Osbaldo Botaro Lepiani Toledo (20 September 1864, Lima – 28 November 1932, Rome) was a Peruvian painter. He is primarily known for historical and Patriotism, patriotic scenes; notably those related to the War of the Pacific. Biography As a young man he worked at a series of simple jobs, such as paymaster for the central railroad. He considered art to be his natural vocation, however, so he began studying with and Ramón Muñiz, a Spanish painter living in Lima, about whom little is known. In the 1890s, Lepiani began his series of historical scenes. In 1903, he went to Europe, where he visited museums and exhibitions. He eventually settled in Rome, where he lived a somewhat dissolute life and created few original works, preferring instead to copy the Old Masters, such as Raphael and Titian, and sell the reproductions to American tourists. His copies were highly regarded, however, and some of the best ones were even sent home to Peru. He returned home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Bolognesi
Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes (4 November 1816 – 7 June 1880) was a Peruvian military colonel. He is considered a national hero in Peru and was declared patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on 2 January 1951. Early life and education Francisco Bolognesi was born in Lima on 4 November 1816. He attended the Seminary of Arequipa until he was 16 and then entered into a career in commerce. His birthplace, known as the Casa de Bolognesi, later became a museum. His father, Andrés Bolognesi was of Italian-Peruvian background and was a violin player for the court of the Viceroy. Francisco Bolognesi had a son called Federico Pablo whose son was Federico Bolognesi Bolognesi (2nd Vice president of Peru). Federico Bolognesi Bolognesi had a daughter called Ana Maria Bolognesi who had two daughters called Ana Mamie and Selina Raguz Bolognesi. The Bolognesi family legacy lives on through Ana Mamie and Selina, who each have two children: Roberto and Emilia Abusada Raguz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casa Bolognesi
The Casa Bolognesi, also known as the Casa de la Respuesta (''House of the Reply''), is a historical building owned by the Peruvian State located in Arica, Chile. It is the site of a meeting that preceded the Battle of Arica during the War of the Pacific. History Its name comes from an event that preceded the battle of Arica during the War of the Pacific, being the site of the meeting between Francisco Bolognesi of the Peruvian Army and Juan de la Cruz Salvo of the Chilean Army, where the latter requested the Peruvian garrison's surrender after the defeat at Tacna, to which Bolognesi replied by saying he would "fight until the last cartridge is spent" (). From 1934 to 1987, it served as the Consulate General of Peru in the city, being the cultural section of the Consulate since 1996, having been restored the year prior. It is used by the Peruvian government The Republic of Peru is a unitary state with a multi-party semi-presidential system. The current government was es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Peruano
''Diario Oficial El Peruano'' (''The Peruvian Official Newspaper'') is the official daily newspaper of Peru. The paper was founded on 22 October 1825 by Simón Bolívar although it changed names between the following decades and it was not published continuously since its inception. It is the oldest Spanish-language newspaper still in circulation. In addition to carrying news, all laws passed in Peru must be published by ''El Peruano''. It is currently edited by Delfina Becerra González. It is published by the Peruvian Company of Editorial Services SA - Editora Peru (''Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales SA - EDITORA PERÚ''), a state enterprise under private law. The company was created as part of the national information system (''Sistema Nacional de Información'') established by ''Decreto Ley'' No. 20550 of 5 March 1974. This law included the various collective state media under a unified management, the majority of which returned to private ownership following the dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduardo López De Romaña
Eduardo is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the male name Edward. Another version is Duarte. It may refer to: Association football * Dudu (footballer, born 1992) (Eduardo Pereira Rodrigues), Brazilian footballer * Eduardo (footballer, born 1993) (Carlos Eduardo Bendini Giusti), Brazilian centre back * Eduardo (footballer, born 12 November 1986) (Eduardo da Conceição Maciel), Brazilian forward * Eduardo (footballer, born 20 November 1986) (Carlos Eduardo Santos Oliveira), Brazilian right back * Eduardo (footballer, born 1979) (Eduardo Adelino da Silva), Brazilian footballer * Eduardo (footballer, born 1995) (Eduardo José da Rosa Milhomem), Brazilian defender * Eduardo (footballer, born 1997) (Eduardo Jacinto de Biasi), Brazilian defensive midfielder * Eduardo (footballer, born 2000) (Eduardo da Silva Albuquerque), Brazilian midfielder * Edu Coimbra (Eduardo Antunes Coimbra) (born 1947), Brazilian attacking midfielder and manager * Edu (footballer, born 1981) (Eduardo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirón Moquegua
Jirón Moquegua is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón de la Unión and continues until it reaches the Plaza Dos de Mayo. History The road that today constitutes the street was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. This straight line formed the colonial road to Callao and at its mouth was one of the arches of the Walls of Lima, the Portada del Callao, built in 1797. In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Moquegua, after the Department of Moquegua. Prior to this renaming, each block (''cuadra'') had a unique name: *Block 1: Jesús María, after the church and monastery of the same name that existed there in the mid-17th century. *Block 2: Mogollón, after Antonio Mogollón de Ribera, who was councilor of the Cabildo in the 18th century. *Block 3: Mariquitas, because of the tradition that indicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirón De La Unión
The Jirón de la Unión, or Union Street, is a pedestrian street located in the Historic Centre of Lima, part of the capital of Peru. For many decades it was the most important boulevards of the city, often described as the most aristocratic, where many of the most affluent citizens of the city and most powerful men around the world would meet. Subsequently, with the deterioration of the center of Lima, the Jirón de la Unión lost its aristocratic character and became completely commercialized. History The Jirón de la Unión was built by Francisco Pizarro in 1535 the year of the foundation of Lima. It is located on the western side of the Plaza de Armas. It was not until the early 20th century however, that it was given its current name. In 1535, The founder of Lima, Francisco Pizarro, designated a lot on this street to contain the City Hall; the current city hall still retains that same location. It is also one of the roads that surrounds the Palace of Government of Peru. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morro De Arica
Morro de Arica is a steep hill located in the Chilean city of Arica. Its height is 139 metres above sea level. It was the last bulwark of defense for the Peruvian troops who garrisoned the city during the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Morro de Arica was assaulted and captured on June 7, 1880, by Chilean troops in the last part of the Tacna and Arica campaign. Morro de Arica rises steeply from the city and the sea, with a more gentle slope towards the east. A giant flag of Chile is flown on its summit. Morro de Arica was declared a national monument A national monument is a monument constructed in order to commemorate something of importance to national heritage, such as a country's founding, independence, war, or the life and death of a historical figure. The term may also refer to a sp ... on October 6, 1971. References Mountains of Arica y Parinacota Region Cliffs of Chile National Monuments of Chile Arica Battlefields Coasts of Arica y Parinacota Region [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Respuesta (painting)
''La respuesta'' (Spanish for "The response"), also known as ''La respuesta de Bolognesi'', is an 1891 oil painting by Peruvian painter Juan Lepiani. It forms part of the collection of the Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum. Context The painting depicts a chapter of the War of the Pacific, where Chilean Major Juan de la Cruz Salvo arrived to Francisco Bolognesi's barracks in Arica, then part of Peru, to discuss the Peruvian group's surrender. Bolognesi replied to the request by saying "I have sacred dutes to fulfill, and I will carry them out until the last cartridge has been spent." Both armies subsequently fought in the violent battle two days later, where Bolognesi was killed in action. In 1994, a photograph showing what appeared to be Bolognesi and his army was found by journalist Alejandro Guerrero in Tacna. It was purchased by businessman Genaro Delgado Parker and subsequently restored in a Kodak laboratory in the United States, with historians concluding that it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Killed In Action
Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA did not need to have fired their weapons, but only to have been killed due to hostile attack. KIAs include those killed by friendly fire during combat, but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes, murder, or other non-hostile events or terrorism. KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and naval, air, and support forces. Furthermore, the term died of wounds (DOW) is used to denote personnel who reached a medical treatment facility before dying. The category ''died of wounds received in action'' (''DWRIA'') is also used for combat related casualties which occur after medical evacuation. PKIA means presumed killed in action. This term is used when personnel are lost in battle, initial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Army
The Peruvian Army (, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting emergency management, disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations. It celebrates the anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) on December 9. History Military traditions in Peruvian territory go back to prehispanic times, ranging from small armed bands to the large armies assembled by the Inca Empire. After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, Spanish conquest, small garrisons were kept at strategic locations but no standing army existed until the Bourbon reforms of the 18th century. The main purpose of this force was the defense of the Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty from pirates and Privateer, corsairs as well as internal rebellions. Independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Arica
The Battle of Arica, also known as ''Assault and Capture of Cape Arica'', was a battle in the War of the Pacific. It was fought on 7 June 1880, between the forces of Chile and Peru. After the Battle of Tacna and the following Bolivian withdrawal from the war, Peru had to stand alone for the rest of the conflict. The need for a port near the location of the army, in order to supply and reinforce the troops and evacuate the wounded, made the Chilean command focus its attention on the remaining Peruvian stronghold in the Tacna Department. The Chilean army, led by Colonel Pedro Lagos, launched a giant assault on Arica, where the 1600 defenders fought more than 8000 Chileans, from sea and land, who finally captured the Morro de Arica (English: Cape Arica) after 55 minutes of combat. The defending Peruvian troops under the command of Colonel Francisco Bolognesi died as heroes. In this fight the old Peruvian Commander died along with several officers and more than 1,000 men. The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
