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Ehrlichia
''Ehrlichia'' is a genus of Rickettsiales bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by ticks. These bacteria cause the disease ehrlichiosis, which is considered zoonotic, because the main reservoirs for the disease are animals. ''Ehrlichia'' species are obligately intracellular pathogens and are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia during initial stages of infection, whereas in the final stages of infection, the pathogen ruptures the host cell membrane. History The genus ''Ehrlichia'' is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. The first ehrlichial disease was recognized in South Africa during the 19th century. Its tick-borne nature was determined in 1900. The organism itself was demonstrated in 1925 when it was recognized to be a ''Rickettsia''. It was initially named ''Rickettsia ruminantium'', and is currently named '' Ehrlichia ruminantium''. In 1945, an "infection and treatment" method for livestock was developed. This is still the only com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Minasensis
''Ehrlichia'' is a genus of Rickettsiales bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by ticks. These bacteria cause the disease ehrlichiosis, which is considered zoonotic, because the main reservoirs for the disease are animals. ''Ehrlichia'' species are obligately intracellular pathogens and are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia during initial stages of infection, whereas in the final stages of infection, the pathogen ruptures the host cell membrane. History The genus ''Ehrlichia'' is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. The first ehrlichial disease was recognized in South Africa during the 19th century. Its tick-borne nature was determined in 1900. The organism itself was demonstrated in 1925 when it was recognized to be a ''Rickettsia''. It was initially named ''Rickettsia ruminantium'', and is currently named ''Ehrlichia ruminantium''. In 1945, an "infection and treatment" method for livestock was developed. This is still the only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Ewingii
''Ehrlichia ewingii'' is a species of rickettsiales bacteria. It has recently been associated with human infection, and can be detected via PCR serological testing. The name ''Ehrlichia ewingii'' was proposed in 1992. Taxonomy and characterization Taxonomy The current classification is Bacteria, Pseudomonadota, Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae, ''Ehrlichia ewingii''. Classification of different members of the genus '' Ehrlichia'' has been disputed, however, it is generally agreed that close relatives of ''Ehrlichia ewingii'' are '' Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' and ''Ehrlichia canis''. It is also closely related to ''Wolbachia'', '' Anaplasma'', and '' Neorickettsia'' bacteria, with ''Rickettsia'' as a more distant genus. Characterization Species in the family Anaplasmataceae have unique characteristics that can help differentiate them from other families including: sensitivity to mechanical stress, changes in osmolarity, and thawing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne bacterial infection, caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera ''Ehrlichia'' and '' Anaplasma''. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported annual incidence is on the order of 2.3 cases per million people. Types Six (see note below) species have been shown to cause human infection: * '' Anaplasma phagocytophilum'' causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. ''A. phagocytophilum'' is endemic to New England and the north-central and Pacific regions of the United States. * ''Ehrlichia ewingii'' causes human ewingii ehrlichiosis. ''E. ewingii'' primarily infects deer and dogs (see Ehrlichiosis (canine)). ''E. ewingii'' is most common in the south-central and southeastern states. * '' Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. ''E. chaffeensis'' is most common in the south-central and southeastern states. * ''Ehrlichia canis'' * ''Neorickettsia sennetsu'' *'' Ehrlichia m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Ruminantium
Heartwater (also known as cowdriosis, nintas, and ehrlichiosis) is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. The name is derived from the fact that fluid can collect around the heart or in the lungs of infected animals. It is caused by ''Ehrlichia ruminantium'' (formerly ''Cowdria ruminantium'') - an intracellular Gram-negative coccal bacterium (also referred to as ''Rickettsia ruminantium''). The disease is spread by various Amblyomma ticks, and has a large economic impact on cattle production in affected areas. There are four documented manifestations of the disease, these are acute, peracute, subacute, and a mild form known as heartwater fever. There are reports of zoonotic infections of humans by ''E. ruminantium'', similar to other ''Ehrlichia'' species, such as those that cause human ehrlichiosis. History Heartwater disease was first described in 1838 within the personal journal of Louis Trichardt, a Voortrekker in South Africa. In Trichardt's notes he recorded that a majority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Muris
''Ehrlichia muris'' is a species of pathogenic bacteria first isolated from mice, with type strain AS145T. Its genome has been sequenced. References Further reading * * External linksLPSN*WISC entry Rickettsiales {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Canis
''Ehrlichia canis'' is an obligate intracellular bacterium that acts as the causative agent of ehrlichiosis, a disease most commonly affecting canine species. This pathogen is present throughout the United States (but is most prominent in the South), South America, Asia, Africa and recently in the Kimberley region of Australia. First defined in 1935, ''E. canis'' emerged in the United States in 1963 and its presence has since been found in all 48 contiguous United States. Reported primarily in dogs, ''E. canis'' has also been documented in felines and humans, where it is transferred most commonly via '' Rhipicephalus sanguineus'', the brown dog tick. Transmission cycle The brown dog tick, ''R. sanguineus'', acts as the primary vector of ''E. canis'', transferring the pathogen between hosts during blood meals. Dogs, both domestic and wild, act as reservoir hosts for this pathogen and are the primary hosts of brown dog ticks. Brown dog ticks become carriers of the pathogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis
''Ehrlichia chaffeensis'' is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative species of Rickettsiales bacteria. It is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans by the lone star tick (''Amblyomma americanum''). It is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Genetic studies support the endosymbiotic theory that a subset of these organisms evolved to live inside mammalian cells as mitochondria to provide cellular energy to the cells in return for protection and sustenance. ATP production in the rickettsiae is biochemically identical to that in mammalian mitochondria; all multi-cellular eukaryotes have mitochondria in their cells, including birds, fish, reptiles, invertebrates, plants, and fungi in addition to mammals. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ''E. chaffeensis'' is known to spread through tick infection primarily in the Southern, South-central and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. In recent years, the lone star tick has expanded its range along the Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Sennetsu
''Neorickettsia sennetsu'' is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Sennetsu ehrlichiosis. See also *''Neorickettsia risticii ''Neorickettsia risticii'', formerly ''Ehrlichia risticii,'' is an obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria that typically lives as an endosymbiont to parasitic flatworms, specifically flukes. ''N. risticii'' is the known causative agent of ...'' References Rickettsiales Bacteria described in 2001 {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichia Wisconsin HM543746
''Ehrlichia'' Wisconsin HM543746 is an unnamed tick bacterium that spread through Minnesota and Wisconsin in 2009 and is similar to ''Ehrlichia muris''. Researchers took more than 4000 blood samples from people who appeared to have ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis, and used 697 ticks from both states as test subjects. The researchers, working at the Mayo Clinic, used molecular methods, culturing, and serological testing. The research was conducted after technologist Carol Werner noticed an unnatural Ehrlichia polymerase chain reaction result. The investigation arrived at the discovery of the new bacterium because the research showed that four of the patients were infected by a new bacterium; their symptoms in 2009 including fevers, headaches, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. All four of the patients survived by being treated with doxycycline. The results were published in ''The New England Journal of Medicine'' and brought up in a Health Alert Network public health announcement. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrlichiaceae
The Ehrlichiaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Rickettsiales The Rickettsiales, informally called rickettsias, are an order of small Alphaproteobacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and some are notable pathogens, including '' Rickettsia'', which causes a variety of diseases in humans, and .... References External links * Rickettsiales Bacteria families {{alphaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickettsiales
The Rickettsiales, informally called rickettsias, are an order of small Alphaproteobacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and some are notable pathogens, including '' Rickettsia'', which causes a variety of diseases in humans, and '' Ehrlichia'', which causes diseases in livestock. Another genus of well-known Rickettsiales is the '' Wolbachia'', which infect about two-thirds of all arthropods and nearly all filarial nematodes. Genetic studies support the endosymbiotic theory according to which mitochondria and related organelles developed from members of this group.Thomas S. (2016). Rickettsiales:Biology, Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, and Vaccine Development. pp.529. Springer• The Rickettsiales are difficult to culture, as they rely on living eukaryotic host cells for their survival. Rickettsiales phylogeny The Rickettsiales further consist of three known families, the Rickettsiaceae, the Midichloriaceae, and the Ehrlichiaceae. Most studies also support ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
