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ESTREAM
eSTREAM is a project to "identify new stream ciphers suitable for widespread adoption", organised by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up as a result of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the NESSIE project. The call for primitives was first issued in November 2004. The project was completed in April 2008. The project was divided into separate phases and the project goal was to find algorithms suitable for different application profiles. Profiles The submissions to eSTREAM fall into either or both of two profiles: * Profile 1: "Stream ciphers for software applications with high throughput requirements" * Profile 2: "Stream ciphers for hardware applications with restricted resources such as limited storage, gate count, or power consumption." Both profiles contain an "A" subcategory (1A and 2A) with ciphers that also provide authentication in addition to encryption. In Phase 3 none of the ciphers providing authentication are being considered (The NLS cipher h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salsa20
Salsa20 and the closely related ChaCha are stream ciphers developed by Daniel J. Bernstein. Salsa20, the original cipher, was designed in 2005, then later submitted to the eSTREAM European Union cryptographic validation process by Bernstein. ChaCha is a modification of Salsa20 published in 2008. It uses a new round function that increases diffusion and increases performance on some architectures. Both ciphers are built on a pseudorandom function based on add-rotate-XOR (ARX) operations — 32-bit addition, bitwise addition (XOR) and rotation operations. The core function maps a 256-bit key, a 64-bit nonce, and a 64-bit counter to a 512-bit block of the key stream (a Salsa version with a 128-bit key also exists). This gives Salsa20 and ChaCha the unusual advantage that the user can efficiently seek to any position in the key stream in constant time. Salsa20 offers speeds of around 4–14 cycles per byte in software on modern x86 processors, and reasonable hardware performan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trivium (cipher)
Trivium is a synchronous stream cipher designed to provide a flexible trade-off between speed and gate count in hardware, and reasonably efficient software implementation. Trivium was submitted to the Profile II (hardware) of the eSTREAM competition by its authors, Christophe De Cannière and Bart Preneel, and has been selected as part of the portfolio for low area hardware ciphers (Profile 2) by the eSTREAM project. It is not patented and has been specified as an International Standard under ISO/IEC 29192-3. It generates up to 264 bits of output from an 80-bit key and an 80-bit IV. It is the simplest eSTREAM entrant; while it shows remarkable resistance to cryptanalysis for its simplicity and performance, recent attacks leave the security margin looking rather slim. Description Trivium's 288-bit internal state consists of three shift registers of different lengths. At each round, a bit is shifted into each of the three shift registers using a non-linear combination of tap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grain (cipher)
Grain is a stream cipher submitted to eSTREAM in 2004 by Martin Hell, Thomas Johansson and Willi Meier. It has been selected for the final eSTREAM portfolio for Profile 2 by the eSTREAM project. Grain is designed primarily for restricted hardware environments. It accepts an 80-bit key and a 64-bit IV. The specifications do not recommended a maximum length of output per (key, iv) pair. A number of potential weaknesses in the cipher have been identified and corrected in Grain 128a which is now the recommended cipher to use for hardware environments providing both 128bit security and authentication. Description Grain's 160-bit internal state consists of an 80-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and an 80-bit non-linear feedback shift register (NLFSR). Grain updates one bit of LFSR and one bit of NLFSR state for every bit of ciphertext released by a nonlinear filter function. The 80-bit NLFSR is updated with a nonlinear 5-to-1 Boolean function and a 1 bit linear input sele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOSEMANUK
Sosemanuk is a stream cipher developed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert. Along with HC-128, Rabbit, and Salsa20/12, Sosemanuk is one of the final four Profile 1 (software) ciphers selected for the eSTREAM Portfolio. According to the authors, the structure of the cipher is influenced by the stream cipher SNOW and the block cipher Serpent. The cipher has an improved performance compared with Snow, more specifically by having a faster initialization phase. The cipher key length In cryptography, key size, key length, or key space refer to the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher). Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure of the fastes ... can vary between 128 and 256 bits, but the guaranteed security is only 128 bits. The cipher uses a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbit (cipher)
Rabbit is a high-speed stream cipher from 2003. The algorithm and source code was released in 2008 as public domain software. History ''Rabbit'' was first presented in February 2003 at the 10th FSE workshop. In May 2005, it was submitted to the eSTREAM project of the ECRYPT network. Rabbit was designed by Martin Boesgaard, Mette Vesterager, Thomas Pedersen, Jesper Christiansen and Ove Scavenius. The authors of the cipher have provided a full set of cryptanalytic white papers on the Cryptico home page. It is also described in RFC 4503. Cryptico had patents pending for the algorithm and for many years required a license fee for commercial use of the cipher which was waived for non-commercial uses. However, the algorithm was made free for any use on October 6, 2008. Also the website states that the algorithm and implementation is public domain software and offers the source code free for download. Functionality Rabbit uses a 128-bit key and a 64-bit initialization vector. The ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HC-128
HC-256 is a stream cipher designed to provide bulk encryption in software at high speeds while permitting strong confidence in its security. A 128-bit variant was submitted as an eSTREAM cipher candidate and has been selected as one of the four final contestants in the software profile. The algorithm is designed by Hongjun Wu, and was first published in 2004. It is not patented. Function HC-256 has a 256 bit key and an initialization vector (nonce) of 256 bits. Internally, it consists of two secret tables (P and Q). Each table contains 1024 32-bit words. For each state update one 32-bit word in each table is updated using a non-linear update function. After 2048 steps all elements of the tables have been updated. It generates one 32-bit word for each update step using a 32-bit to 32-bit mapping function similar to the output function of the Blowfish cipher. Finally a linear bit-masking function is applied to generate an output word. It uses the two message schedule functions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HC-256
HC-256 is a stream cipher designed to provide bulk encryption in software at high speeds while permitting strong confidence in its security. A 128-bit variant was submitted as an eSTREAM cipher candidate and has been selected as one of the four final contestants in the software profile. The algorithm is designed by Hongjun Wu, and was first published in 2004. It is not patented. Function HC-256 has a 256 bit key and an initialization vector (nonce) of 256 bits. Internally, it consists of two secret tables (P and Q). Each table contains 1024 32-bit words. For each state update one 32-bit word in each table is updated using a non-linear update function. After 2048 steps all elements of the tables have been updated. It generates one 32-bit word for each update step using a 32-bit to 32-bit mapping function similar to the output function of the Blowfish cipher. Finally a linear bit-masking function is applied to generate an output word. It uses the two message schedule functions in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aline Gouget
Aline Gouget Morin (born 1977) is a French mathematician and cryptographer whose works include contributions to the design of the SOSEMANUK stream cipher and Shabal hash algorithm, and methods for anonymized digital currency. She is a researcher for Gemalto, an international digital security company. Education Gouget completed a PhD in 2004 at the University of Caen Normandy. Her dissertation, ''Etude de propriétés cryptographiques des fonctions booléennes et algorithme de confusion pour le chiffrement symétrique'', was advised by Claude Carlet. Recognition In 2017, Gouget was the winner of the Irène Joliot-Curie Prize The Irène Joliot-Curie Prize is a French prize for women in science and technology, founded in 2001. It is awarded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Airbus Group corporate foundation, the French Academy of Scienc ... in the category for women in business and technology. References External linksHome page {{DEFAULTSOR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CryptMT
In cryptography, CryptMT is a stream cipher algorithm which internally uses the Mersenne twister. It was developed by Makoto Matsumoto, Mariko Hagita, Takuji Nishimura and Mutsuo Saito and is patented. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM project of the eCRYPT network. In that submission to eSTREAM eSTREAM is a project to "identify new stream ciphers suitable for widespread adoption", organised by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up as a result of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the NESSIE project. The call for primi ..., the authors also included another cipher named Fubuki, which also uses the Mersenne twister. External links eStream page on CryptMTauthor's page Stream ciphers {{Crypto-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECRYPT
ECRYPT (European Network of Excellence in Cryptology) was a 4-year European research initiative launched on 1 February 2004 with the stated objective of promoting the collaboration of European researchers in information security, and especially in cryptology and digital watermarking. ECRYPT listed five core research areas, termed "virtual laboratories": symmetric key algorithms (STVL), public key algorithms (AZTEC), protocol (PROVILAB), secure and efficient implementations (VAMPIRE) and watermarking (WAVILA). In August 2008 the network started another 4-year phase as ECRYPT II. ECRYPT II products Yearly report on algorithms and key lengths During the project, algorithms and key lengths were evaluated yearly. The most recent of these documents is dated 30 September 2012. Key sizes Considering the budget of a large intelligence agency to be about 300 million USD for a single ASIC machine, the recommended ''minimum'' key size is 84 bits, which would give protection for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Canteaut
Anne Canteaut is a French researcher in cryptography, working at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA) in Paris. She studies the design and cryptanalysis of symmetric-key algorithms and S-boxes. Education and career Canteaut earned a diploma in engineering from ENSTA Paris in 1993. She completed her doctorate at Pierre and Marie Curie University in 1996, with the dissertation ''Attaques de cryptosystèmes à mots de poids faible et construction de fonctions t-résilientes'' supervised by . She is currently the chair of the INRIA Evaluation Committee, and of the FSE steering committee. She was the scientific leader of the INRIA team SECRET between 2007 and 2019. Cryptographic primitives Canteaut has contributed to the design of several new cryptographic primitives: * DECIM, a stream cipher submitted to the eSTREAM project * SOSEMANUK, a stream cipher selected in the eSTREAM portfolio * Shabal, a hash function submitted to the SHA-3 co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DECIM
In cryptography, DECIM is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Blandine Debraize, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert. DECIM algorithm was partly patented but its authors wished for it to remain freely available. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. History DECIM was announced in 2005. In 2006 two flaws were identified which could leave the encypted ciphertext In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext ... vulnerable to attack. A revised version of cipher, DECIM v2, as well as a 128-bit security version were developed, both proving vulnerable to attack. References Footnotes Sources * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
