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EASA CS-VLA
EASA CS-VLA is the European Aviation Safety Agency Certification Specification for Very Light Aircraft. The Very Light Aircraft (VLA) aircraft certification category introduced in 2003 by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is intended to make it easier and less costly to get full European certification, operation and maintenance of a general aviation aircraft.EASA"Easy Access Rules for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-VLA) (Amendment 1)" January 24, 2021. The somewhat relaxed certification procedure is available for aircraft satisfying the following criteria: *Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of not more than 750 kg *One or two seats maximum *Maximum Stall speed in the landing configuration ( VS0) of no more than 83 km/h (45 knots) *Approved only for day-VFR visual flight rules conditions *Certified in the Normal Category only, all aerobatics maneuvers including intentional spinning are prohibited The main part of professional pilots training is done on EASA CS-23 s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aero At-3 R100 G-dpep Cotswoldairshow 2010 Arp
Aero is a Greek prefix relating to flight and air. In British English, it is used as an adjective related to flight (e.g., as a shortened substitute for aeroplane). Aero, Ærø, or Aeros may refer to: Aeronautics Airlines and companies * Aero (American airline), an American airline operating public charter flights * Aero (Polish airline), a Polish airline founded in 1925 which later was merged into LOT * Aero Airlines, an Estonian airline owned by Finnair * Aero Commander, formerly known as Aero, a division of Rockwell International * Aero Cóndor, an airline based in Lima, Peru * Aero Contractors (Nigeria), a scheduled airline from Nigeria * Aero Contractors (United States), private charter company based in Smithfield, North Carolina * Aero O/Y, former name of Finnair * Aero Vodochody, a Czech aircraft manufacturer founded in 1919 * Aerocondor, Portuguese airline * Aeroflot, the flag carrier of the Russian Federation * Aerolíneas Argentinas, the flag carrier airline of Argentin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
European Aviation Safety Agency
The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Commission with responsibility for civil aviation safety in the European Union. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitoring. It collects and analyses safety data, drafts and advises on safety legislation and co-ordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world. The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996, but the agency was legally established only in 2002; it began its work in 2003. History Based in Cologne, Germany, the agency was created on 15 July 2002 as the "European Aviation Safety Agency", and reached full functionality in 2008, taking over functions of the Joint Aviation Authorities. It was renamed the "European Union Aviation Safety Agency" in 2018. European Free Trade Association countries participate in the agency. The United Kingdom was a member until the end of the Brexit trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
General Aviation
General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation services for other purposes. However, for statistical purposes, ICAO uses a definition of general aviation which includes aerial work. General aviation thus represents the " private transport" and recreational components of aviation, most of which is accomplished with light aircraft. Definition The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines civil aviation aircraft operations in three categories: General Aviation (GA), Aerial Work (AW) and Commercial Air Transport (CAT). Aerial work operations are separated from general aviation by ICAO by this definition. Aerial work is when an aircraft is used for specialized services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, and aerial adver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Maximum Take-off Weight
The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of an aircraft An aircraft ( aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to flight, fly by gaining support from the Atmosphere of Earth, air. It counters the force of gravity by using either Buoyancy, static lift or the Lift (force), dynamic lift of an airfoil, or, i ..., also known as the maximum structural takeoff weight or maximum structural takeoff mass, is the maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits. The analogous term for rockets is gross lift-off mass, or GLOW. MTOW is usually specified in units of kilograms or pounds. MTOW is the heaviest weight at which the aircraft has been shown to meet all the airworthiness requirements applicable to it. It refers to the maximum permissible aircraft weight at the start of the takeoff run. MTOW of an aircraft is fixed and does not vary with altitude, air temperature, or t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Stall Speed
In fluid dynamics, a stall is a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack exceeds its critical value.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', p. 486. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. The critical angle of attack is typically about 15°, but it may vary significantly depending on the fluid, foil – including its shape, size, and finish – and Reynolds number. Stalls in fixed-wing aircraft are often experienced as a sudden reduction in lift. It may be caused either by the pilot increasing the wing's angle of attack or by a decrease in the critical angle of attack. The former may be due to slowing down (below stall speed), the latter by accretion of ice on the wings (especially if the ice is rough). A stall does not mean that the engine(s) have stopped working, or that the aircraft has stopped moving—the effect is the same even in an unpowered glider aircraft. Vectored thrust in aircraft is used to maintain altitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
VS Speed
VS, Vs or vs may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Film and television * ''Vs'' (film), or ''All Superheroes Must Die'', a 2011 horror film * ''Vs.'' (game show), 1999 * "VS.", an episode of ''Prison Break'' Gaming * ''Vs.'' (video game), 1997 * Vs. System, a collectible card game * Nintendo VS. System, an arcade system Music * VS (group), an English R&B and pop group * ''Vs.'' (Cookin' on 3 Burners album), 2017 * ''Vs.'' (Mission of Burma album), 1982 * ''Vs.'' (Pearl Jam album), 1993 * ''VS. (Other People's Heartache Pt. III)'', a 2014 mixtape in the ''Other People's Heartache'' series by Bastille * "VS" (song), a 2006 single by misono * V.S., short for "volti subito" ("turn quickly"), an Italian musical term indicating a difficult page turn Other uses in arts, entertainment and media * ''Vs.'' (magazine), a fashion and lifestyle magazine * ''VS'' (manga), by Keiko Yamada * Vanu Sovereignty (VS), a faction in the ''PlanetSide'' series Businesses and organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Knot (unit)
The knot () is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly (approximately or ). The ISO standard symbol for the knot is kn. The same symbol is preferred by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE), while kt is also common, especially in aviation, where it is the form recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO). The knot is a non- SI unit. The knot is used in meteorology, and in maritime and air navigation. A vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels approximately one minute of geographic latitude in one hour. Definitions ;1 international knot = :1 nautical mile per hour (by definition), : (exactly), : (approximately), : (approximately), : (approximately) : (approximately). The length of the internationally agreed nautical mile is . The US adopted the international definition in 1954, having previously used the US nautical mile (). The UK adopted the international nautical mile defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Visual Flight Rules
In aviation, visual flight rules (VFR) is a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going. Specifically, the weather must be better than basic VFR weather minima, i.e., in visual meteorological conditions (VMC), as specified in the rules of the relevant aviation authority. The pilot must be able to operate the aircraft with visual reference to the ground, and by visually avoiding obstructions and other aircraft. If the weather is less than VMC, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules, and operation of the aircraft will be primarily through referencing the instruments rather than visual reference. In a control zone, a VFR flight may obtain a clearance from air traffic control to operate as Special VFR. Requirements VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Aerobatics
Aerobatics is the practice of flying maneuvers involving aircraft attitudes that are not used in conventional passenger-carrying flights. The term is a portmanteau of "aeroplane" and "acrobatics". Aerobatics are performed in aeroplanes and gliders for training, recreation, entertainment, and sport. Additionally, some helicopters, such as the MBB Bo 105, are capable of limited aerobatic manoeuvres. An example of a fully aerobatic helicopter, capable of performing loops and rolls, is the Westland Lynx. Most aerobatic manoeuvres involve rotation of the aircraft about its longitudinal (roll) axis or lateral (pitch) axis. Other maneuvers, such as a spin, displace the aircraft about its vertical (yaw) axis. Manoeuvres are often combined to form a complete aerobatic sequence for entertainment or competition. Aerobatic flying requires a broader set of piloting skills and exposes the aircraft to greater structural stress than for normal flight. In some countries, the pilot must wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Spin (aerodynamics)
In flight dynamics (fixed-wing aircraft), flight dynamics a spin is a special category of Stall (fluid dynamics), stall resulting in Autorotation (fixed-wing aircraft), autorotation (uncommanded roll) about the aircraft's longitudinal axis and a shallow, rotating, downward path approximately centred on a vertical axis. Spins can be entered intentionally or unintentionally, from any flight attitude if the aircraft has sufficient Yaw axis, yaw while at the stall point. In a normal spin, the wing on the inside of the turn stalls while the outside wing remains flying. It is possible for both wings to stall, but the angle of attack of each wing, and consequently its Lift (force), lift and Drag (physics), drag, are different. Either situation causes the aircraft to autorotate toward the stalled wing due to its higher drag and loss of lift. Spins are characterized by high angle of attack, an airspeed below the stall on at least one wing and a shallow descent. Recovery and avoiding a cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
EASA CS-23
EASA CS-23 is the European Union Aviation Safety Agency Certification Specification for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes. Description This certification procedure applies to light aircraft: * Aeroplanes in the normal, utility, or aerobatic categories with a maximum of 9 seats (excluding pilot(s)) and a maximum take-off mass of 5,670 kg (12,500 lbs); * Aeroplanes in the commuter category with a maximum of 19 seats (excluding pilot(s)) and a maximum take-off mass of 8,618 kg (19,000 lbs). Depending on the chosen category, CS-23 prescribes several maneuvers (CS 23.3): * Normal Normal flight, no aerobatics; stalls as well as chandelles, lazy eights, and steep turns with a maximum bank angle of 60°; * Utility As Normal Category, but with bank angles up to 90°; additionally spins, if approved by the manufacturer; * Aerobatic No limitations imposed by the certification regulation; * Commuter Normal flight, stalls, and steep turns with bank angles up to 60°. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Instrument Flight Rules
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) ''Instrument Flying Handbook'' defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals." It is also a term used by pilots and controllers to indicate the type of flight plan an aircraft is flying, such as an IFR or VFR flight plan. Basic information Comparison to visual flight rules It is possible and fairly straightforward, in relatively clear weather conditions, to fly an aircraft solely by reference to outside visual cues, such as the horizon to maintain orientation, nearby buildings and terrain features for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
