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Dutch Cross Of Resistance
The Verzetskruis 1940–1945 (English: ''Cross of Resistance 1940–1945'') is a decoration for valour in the Netherlands. Instituted on May 3, 1946, it was awarded in recognition of the individual courage shown in resistance against the enemies of the Netherlands and for the maintenance of liberties. It is one of the highest decorations in the Netherlands. Before the Netherlands was liberated in May 1945, the Dutch government in London had developed a valid and balanced system of decorations, both civil and military. In addition to the existing Military Order of William, they were created new ones as the Bronze Lion, the Bronze Cross, the Cross of Merit and the Cross of the Flyer. But there was no valid award to reward members of resistance organizations, while neighboring countries had already filled this gap. As it was not agreed that the acts of the Resistance could be rewarded with an existing military decoration, it was decided to create a specific one. During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Netherlands
The national flag of the Netherlands ( nl, de Nederlandse vlag) is a horizontal tricolour (flag), tricolour of red, white, and blue. The current design originates as a variant of the late 16th century orange-white-blue ''Prince's Flag, Prinsenvlag'' ("Prince's Flag"), evolving in the early 17th century as the red-white-blue ''Statenvlag'' ("States Flag"), the naval flag of the States General of the Netherlands#Dutch Republic, States-General of the Dutch Republic, making the Dutch flag perhaps the oldest Tricolour (flag), tricolour flag in continuous use.As a flag that symbolises the transformation from monarchy to republic, it has inspired both the derivative Flag of Russia, Russian flag, and after the French Revolution in 1789 the vertically striped Flag of France, French tricolour, both flags in turn influenced many other tricolours. During the economic crisis of the 1930s, the old Prince's Flag with the colour orange gained some popularity among some people. To end the confu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed "undesirable", starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler dictatorial plenary powers, the government began isolating Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabrielle Weidner
Gabrielle Weidner (Brussels, 17 August 1914 - Königsberg in der Neumark, 17 February 1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter playing an active role in the French Resistance during World War II. Early life Gabrielle Weidner was born in Brussels to Dutch parents. She spent her childhood in Switzerland, close to the French border. Her father, Johan Henry Weidner Sr., taught Latin and Greek at the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Collonges-sous-Salève, a village on the French side of the border. Attending secondary school in London, Gabrielle learned to speak several languages. Activities during World War II A devoutly religious woman, Gabrielle was living and doing church work for the Seventh-day Adventists in Paris at the outbreak of World War II. With the ensuing German occupation of France, she fled with her brother Jean Weidner and several others to Lyon, in the unoccupied part of France. Following the 22 June 1940 signing of the agreement with the Nazis to create Vichy France, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Versteegh
Pierre Marie Robert Versteegh (June 6, 1888 in Kedoeng Banteng, Sragen, Dutch East Indies – May 3, 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a Dutch horse rider who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In the 1928 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the team dressage with his horse ''His Excellence'' after finishing ninth in the individual dressage. Eight years later he finished fifth with the Dutch team in the team dressage and placed eighth in the individual dressage. The Kdo Oranienburg executed him by firing squad. Versteegh is one of 95 people who, most posthumously, received the Dutch Cross of Resistance after World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing .... References External linksprofile 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathilde Verspyck
Mathilde Adrienne Eugénie Verspyck (16 July 1908 – 11 February 1945) "was a brave woman who was a devoted believer in the cause of freedom, for which she later sacrificed her life," according to her U.S. Medal of Freedom award. A committed freedom fighter who was actively involved with European resistance movements during World War II, Verspyck survived imprisonment at one Nazi concentration camp only to perish at another. Arrested and jailed twice between 1941 and 1943 for her involvement with resistance work, she was arrested a third time in mid-April 1944 for sheltering and facilitating the escape of political prisoners and Allied pilots, as well as espionage. Jailed at the prison at Scheveningen, she was transported to Herzogenbusch (Vught) in the Netherlands two months later. Transferred to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in Germany three months later, she died there on 11 February 1945. Formative years Born in Semarang, Java on 16 June 1908, Mathilde Verspyck (Dutc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerrit Van Der Veen
Gerrit van der Veen (26 November 1902, Amsterdam — 10 June 1944, Overveen) was a Dutch sculptor. He was a member of the Dutch underground, which resisted the German occupation of Amsterdam during World War II. The historian Robert-Jan van Pelt wrote: In 1940, after the German occupation, van der Veen was one of the few who re-fused to sign the so-called “Arierverklaring,” the Declaration of Aryan Ancestry. In the years that followed, he tried to help Jews both in practical and symbolic ways. Together with the musician Jan van Gilse and the (openly homosexual) artist, art historian, and critic Willem Arondeus, van der Veen established the underground organization De Vrije Kunstenaar (The Free Artist). Van der Veen and the other artists published a newsletter calling for resistance against the occupation. When the Germans introduced identity documents (Persoonsbewijzen) that distinguished between Jews and non-Jews, van der Veen, Arondeus and the printer produced some 80, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Marius Telders
Benjamin Marius Telders (19 March 1903 – 6 April 1945) was a professor of law at Leiden University. He is known for standing up for his belief in the rule of law and civil society during the German Occupation. From 1938 he became involved in Dutch politics; he was party chairman of the Liberal State Party from 1938–1945. Rudolph Cleveringa and Telders led the resistance to a declaration requiring the dismissal of 'non-Aryan' staff that all professors were told to sign in October 1940. He was arrested that December and imprisoned in Scheveningen. He died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly before the end of the war. He was awarded the Dutch Cross of Resistance on 9 May 1946 (posthumously). Telders Students Society of International Law, the Telders Foundation, and the Telders International Law Moot Court Competition are named after him. References External linksLemmain Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland The ''Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Schoemaker
Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker (5 October 1886 – 3 May 1942) was a Dutch Olympic fencer, engineer in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, professor of architecture at Bandung Institute of Technology and Delft University of Technology, and leader of a resistance group during World War II, for which he was executed at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He competed in the individual sabre event at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He was one of 95 people who, most posthumously, received the Dutch Cross of Resistance The Verzetskruis 1940–1945 (English: ''Cross of Resistance 1940–1945'') is a decoration for valour in the Netherlands. Instituted on May 3, 1946, it was awarded in recognition of the individual courage shown in resistance against the .... The street forming the eastern border of the Delft University campus is named ''Schoemakerstraat'' after him.René & Peter van der KrogtSchoemakerstraatat stratenvandelft.nl References External links * {{D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannie Schaft
Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 – 17 April 1945) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. She became known as "the girl with the red hair" ( nl, text=het meisje met het rode haar, german: text=das Mädchen mit dem roten Haar). Her secret name in the resistance movement was "Hannie". Early life and education Hannie Schaft was born in Haarlem, the capital of the province of North Holland. Her mother, Aafje Talea Schaft (born Vrijer) was a Mennonite and her father, Pieter Schaft, a teacher, was attached to the Social Democratic Workers' Party; the two were very protective of Schaft because of the death due to diphtheria of her older sister Anna in 1927. From a young age, Schaft discussed politics and social justice with her family, which encouraged her to pursue law and become a human rights lawyer. During her law studies at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, which she started in 1938, she became friends with the Jewish students Sonja Frenk a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Mesritz
Denis Claire Baudouin Mesritz (The Hague, November 16, 1919 – Rathenow, March 16, 1945) was a Dutch lawyer. He studied law at the University of Groningen until 1942. Jean Mesritz was his brother. During the Second World War, Mesritz was active in the resistance. He was the founder of the underground newspaper ''De Toekomst'' “The Future” as well as being involved in “De Geus”, “Het Parool” and “Ons Volk”. In addition, he was an initiator of what would become the National Resistance Committee. On May 16, 1944, he was arrested by the Germans on the Amsterdam-Hague train. He died at the age of 25 in the concentration camp in Rathenow from Het parool, 17-07-1945 and is buried at Ereveld Loenen. Hon ...
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Gerrit Kastein
Dr. Gerrit Willem Kastein (25 June 1910 - 21 February 1943) was a Dutch communist, neurologist and resistance fighter and leader during World War II. Early life Kastein was born in Zutphen, the eldest son of Albertus Gerhardus Kastein and Gerdina Leurink. He studied medicine and became a neurologist. He was married and had two children. During the 1930s Kastein became an ardent Communist, who often gave lectures. For that reason he was being watched by the Dutch authorities. During the Spanish Civil War he joined the efforts as a general doctor, who along with a Dutch ambulance team provided assistance. On returning to the Netherlands, he later provided medical assistance to fellow-communist Arie Kloostra during a riot in The Hague, whom he would later join in the Dutch resistance. Kastein was strongly against racism, and wrote a book on the subject. World War II Immediately after the Dutch capitulation, Kastein joined the Dutch resistance. On 17 May 1940 he attended the inaugu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
