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Demihepteract
In geometry, a demihepteract or 7-demicube is a uniform 7-polytope, constructed from the 7-hypercube ( hepteract) with alternated vertices removed. It is part of a dimensionally infinite family of uniform polytopes called demihypercubes. E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM7 for a 7-dimensional ''half measure'' polytope. Coxeter named this polytope as 141 from its Coxeter diagram, with a ring on one of the 1-length branches, and Schläfli symbol \left\ or . Cartesian coordinates Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a demihepteract centered at the origin are alternate halves of the hepteract: : (±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1) with an odd number of plus signs. Images As a configuration This configuration matrix represents the 7-demicube. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells, 4-faces, 5-faces and 6-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 7-demicube. The nondiagona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7-polytope
In seven-dimensional geometry, a 7-polytope is a polytope contained by 6-polytope facets. Each 5-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 6-polytope facets. A uniform 7-polytope is one whose symmetry group is transitive on vertices and whose facets are uniform 6-polytopes. Regular 7-polytopes Regular 7-polytopes are represented by the Schläfli symbol with u 6-polytopes facets around each 4-face. There are exactly three such convex regular 7-polytopes: # - 7-simplex # - 7-cube # - 7-orthoplex There are no nonconvex regular 7-polytopes. Characteristics The topology of any given 7-polytope is defined by its Betti numbers and torsion coefficients.Richeson, D.; ''Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topoplogy'', Princeton, 2008. The value of the Euler characteristic used to characterise polyhedra does not generalize usefully to higher dimensions, whatever their underlying topology. This inadequacy of the Euler characteristic to reliably distinguish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demihepteract Ortho Petrie
In geometry, a demihepteract or 7-demicube is a uniform 7-polytope, constructed from the 7-hypercube (hepteract) with alternated vertices removed. It is part of a dimensionally infinite family of uniform polytopes called demihypercubes. E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM7 for a 7-dimensional ''half measure'' polytope. Coxeter named this polytope as 141 from its Coxeter diagram, with a ring on one of the 1-length branches, and Schläfli symbol \left\ or . Cartesian coordinates Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a demihepteract centered at the origin are alternate halves of the hepteract: : (±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1) with an odd number of plus signs. Images As a configuration This configuration matrix represents the 7-demicube. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells, 4-faces, 5-faces and 6-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 7-demicube. The nondiagonal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demihypercube
In geometry, demihypercubes (also called ''n-demicubes'', ''n-hemicubes'', and ''half measure polytopes'') are a class of ''n''- polytopes constructed from alternation of an ''n''- hypercube, labeled as ''hγn'' for being ''half'' of the hypercube family, ''γn''. Half of the vertices are deleted and new facets are formed. The 2''n'' facets become 2''n'' (''n''−1)-demicubes, and 2''n'' (''n''−1)-simplex facets are formed in place of the deleted vertices. They have been named with a ''demi-'' prefix to each hypercube name: demicube, demitesseract, etc. The demicube is identical to the regular tetrahedron, and the demitesseract is identical to the regular 16-cell. The demipenteract is considered ''semiregular'' for having only regular facets. Higher forms don't have all regular facets but are all uniform polytopes. The vertices and edges of a demihypercube form two copies of the halved cube graph. An ''n''-demicube has inversion symmetry if ''n'' is even. Disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepteract
In geometry, a 7-cube is a seven-dimensional hypercube with 128 vertices, 448 edges, 672 square faces, 560 cubic cells, 280 tesseract 4-faces, 84 penteract 5-faces, and 14 hexeract 6-faces. It can be named by its Schläfli symbol , being composed of 3 6-cubes around each 5-face. It can be called a hepteract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the ''4-cube'') and ''hepta'' for seven (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular tetradeca-7-tope or tetradecaexon, being a 7 dimensional polytope constructed from 14 regular facets. Related polytopes The ''7-cube'' is 7th in a series of hypercube: The dual of a 7-cube is called a 7-orthoplex, and is a part of the infinite family of cross-polytopes. Applying an '' alternation'' operation, deleting alternating vertices of the hepteract, creates another uniform polytope, called a demihepteract, (part of an infinite family called demihypercubes), which has 14 demihexeractic and 64 6-simplex 6-faces. As a configurati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-simplex T0
In geometry, the 5-cell is the convex 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol . It is a 5-vertex four-dimensional object bounded by five tetrahedral cells. It is also known as a C5, pentachoron, pentatope, pentahedroid, or tetrahedral pyramid. It is the 4- simplex (Coxeter's \alpha_4 polytope), the simplest possible convex 4-polytope, and is analogous to the tetrahedron in three dimensions and the triangle in two dimensions. The 5-cell is a 4-dimensional pyramid with a tetrahedral base and four tetrahedral sides. The regular 5-cell is bounded by five regular tetrahedra, and is one of the six regular convex 4-polytopes (the four-dimensional analogues of the Platonic solids). A regular 5-cell can be constructed from a regular tetrahedron by adding a fifth vertex one edge length distant from all the vertices of the tetrahedron. This cannot be done in 3-dimensional space. The regular 5-cell is a solution to the problem: ''Make 10 equilateral triangles, all of the same size, using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternation (geometry)
In geometry, an alternation or ''partial truncation'', is an operation on a polygon, polyhedron, tiling, or higher dimensional polytope that removes alternate vertices.Coxeter, Regular polytopes, pp. 154–156 8.6 Partial truncation, or alternation Coxeter labels an ''alternation'' by a prefixed ''h'', standing for ''hemi'' or ''half''. Because alternation reduces all polygon faces to half as many sides, it can only be applied to polytopes with all even-sided faces. An alternated square face becomes a digon, and being degenerate, is usually reduced to a single edge. More generally any vertex-uniform polyhedron or tiling with a vertex configuration consisting of all even-numbered elements can be ''alternated''. For example, the alternation of a vertex figure with ''2a.2b.2c'' is ''a.3.b.3.c.3'' where the three is the number of elements in this vertex figure. A special case is square faces whose order divides in half into degenerate digons. So for example, the cube ''4.4 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geometry
Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a ''geometer''. Until the 19th century, geometry was almost exclusively devoted to Euclidean geometry, which includes the notions of point, line, plane, distance, angle, surface, and curve, as fundamental concepts. During the 19th century several discoveries enlarged dramatically the scope of geometry. One of the oldest such discoveries is Carl Friedrich Gauss' ("remarkable theorem") that asserts roughly that the Gaussian curvature of a surface is independent from any specific embedding in a Euclidean space. This implies that surfaces can be studied ''intrinsically'', that is, as stand-alone spaces, and has been expanded into the theory of manifolds and Riemannian geometry. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convex Polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the n-dimensional Euclidean space \mathbb^n. Most texts. use the term "polytope" for a bounded convex polytope, and the word "polyhedron" for the more general, possibly unbounded object. Others''Mathematical Programming'', by Melvyn W. Jeter (1986) p. 68/ref> (including this article) allow polytopes to be unbounded. The terms "bounded/unbounded convex polytope" will be used below whenever the boundedness is critical to the discussed issue. Yet other texts identify a convex polytope with its boundary. Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming. In the influential textbooks of Grünbaum and Ziegler on the subject, as well as in many other texts in discrete geometry, convex polytopes are often simply called "polytopes". Grünbaum points out that this is solely to avo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coxeter Notation
In geometry, Coxeter notation (also Coxeter symbol) is a system of classifying symmetry groups, describing the angles between fundamental reflections of a Coxeter group in a bracketed notation expressing the structure of a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with modifiers to indicate certain subgroups. The notation is named after H. S. M. Coxeter, and has been more comprehensively defined by Norman Johnson. Reflectional groups For Coxeter groups, defined by pure reflections, there is a direct correspondence between the bracket notation and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. The numbers in the bracket notation represent the mirror reflection orders in the branches of the Coxeter diagram. It uses the same simplification, suppressing 2s between orthogonal mirrors. The Coxeter notation is simplified with exponents to represent the number of branches in a row for linear diagram. So the ''A''''n'' group is represented by ''n''−1 to imply ''n'' nodes connected by ''n−1'' order-3 branches. Examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6-simplex T1
In geometry, a 6-simplex is a self-dual regular 6-polytope. It has 7 vertices, 21 edges, 35 triangle faces, 35 tetrahedral cells, 21 5-cell 4-faces, and 7 5-simplex 5-faces. Its dihedral angle is cos−1(1/6), or approximately 80.41°. Alternate names It can also be called a heptapeton, or hepta-6-tope, as a 7- facetted polytope in 6-dimensions. The name ''heptapeton'' is derived from ''hepta'' for seven facets in Greek and ''-peta'' for having five-dimensional facets, and ''-on''. Jonathan Bowers gives a heptapeton the acronym hop. As a configuration This configuration matrix represents the 6-simplex. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells, 4-faces and 5-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 6-simplex. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element. This self-dual simplex's matrix is identical to its 180 degree rotation. \begin\begin7 & 6 & 15 & 20 & 15 & 6 \\ 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rectified 6-simplex
In six-dimensional geometry, a rectified 6-simplex is a convex uniform 6-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 6-simplex. There are three unique degrees of rectifications, including the zeroth, the 6-simplex itself. Vertices of the ''rectified 6-simplex'' are located at the edge-centers of the ''6-simplex''. Vertices of the ''birectified 6-simplex'' are located in the triangular face centers of the ''6-simplex''. Rectified 6-simplex E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S. It is also called 04,1 for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as . Alternate names * Rectified heptapeton (Acronym: ril) (Jonathan Bowers) Coordinates The vertices of the ''rectified 6-simplex'' can be most simply positioned in 7-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,1,1). This construction is based on facets of the rectified 7-orthoplex. Images Birectified 6-simplex E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertex Figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off. Definitions Take some corner or vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connected edge. Draw lines across the connected faces, joining adjacent points around the face. When done, these lines form a complete circuit, i.e. a polygon, around the vertex. This polygon is the vertex figure. More precise formal definitions can vary quite widely, according to circumstance. For example Coxeter (e.g. 1948, 1954) varies his definition as convenient for the current area of discussion. Most of the following definitions of a vertex figure apply equally well to infinite tilings or, by extension, to space-filling tessellation with polytope cells and other higher-dimensional polytopes. As a flat slice Make a slice through the corner of the polyhedron, cutting through all the edges connected to the vertex. The cut surface is the vertex figure. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
