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Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka
The ''Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka'' or ''Vâkyasudhâ'' is an Advaita Vedanta text attributed to Bhāratī Tīrtha or Vidyaranya Swami (c. 1350) Authorship Although also attributed to Adi Shankara, the text is most commonly attributed to Bharatī Tīrtha (c. 1350). It is also known as ''Vakya Suddha'', which is attributed to Adi Shankara. Contents The ''Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka'' contains 46 slokas performing an inquiry into the distinction between the "seer" (''Dṛg'') and the "seen" (''Dṛśya''), an overview of ''samadhi'', centering on ''savikalpa'' and '' nirvikalpa'', and the identity of ''Atman'' and ''Brahman''. Commentaries There are many translations and commentaries in English for ''Dṛg'' ''Dṛśya Viveka'' and one of the most notable is of "Dravidācārya" Śrī Rāmakṛṣṇan Svāmīji. See also * Self-enquiry Self-enquiry, also spelled self-inquiry (Sanskrit ''vichara'', also called ''jnana-vichara'' or '), is the constant attention to the inner awareness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidyaranya
Vidyaranya (IAST: Vidyāraṇya), usually identified with Mādhavācārya, was the ''jagadguru'' of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from ca. 1374–1380 until 1386 – according to tradition, after ordination at an old age, he took the name of ''Vidyaranya'', and became the ''Jagadguru'' of this Matha at Sringeri. Madhavacharya is known as the author of the '' Sarvadarśanasaṅgraha'', a compendium of different philosophical schools of Hindu philosophy and '' Pañcadaśī'', an important text for Advaita Vedanta. According to tradition, Vidyaranya helped establish the Vijayanagara Empire sometime in 1336, and served as a mentor and guide to three generations of kings who ruled over it. The historical accuracy of this account is doubtful, and may have originated as late as 200 years after the events, as a "political foundation myth, an ideological attempt to represent the authority of the Vijayanagara state as deriving directly from that of the Sultanate." The Vidyashankara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adi Shankara
Adi Shankara (8th c. CE), also called Adi Shankaracharya (, ), was an Indian Vedanga, Vedic scholar, Hindu philosophy, philosopher and teacher (''acharya'') of Advaita Vedanta. Reliable information on Shankara's actual life is scant, and his true impact lies in his "iconic representation of Hinduism, Hindu religion and Hindu culture, culture," despite the fact that most Hindus do not adhere to Advaita Vedanta. Tradition also portrays him as the one who reconciled the various Hindu denominations, sects (Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism) with the introduction of the form of Puja (Hinduism), worship, the simultaneous worship of five deities – Ganesha, Surya, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi, arguing that all deities were but different forms of the one Brahman, the invisible Supreme Being.Klaus Klostermaier (2007), A Survey of Hinduism, Third Edition, State University of New York Press, , p. 40 While he is often revered as the most important Indian philosophy, Indian philosoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samadhi
Statue of a meditating Rishikesh.html" ;"title="Shiva, Rishikesh">Shiva, Rishikesh ''Samādhi'' (Pali and ), in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, is a state of meditative consciousness. In many Indian religious traditions, the cultivation of Samādhi through various meditation methods is essential for the attainment of spiritual liberation (known variously as nirvana, moksha). In Buddhism, it is the last of the eight elements of the Noble Eightfold Path. In the Ashtanga Yoga tradition, it is the eighth and final limb identified in the '' Yoga Sutras'' of Patanjali. In Jain meditation, samadhi is considered one of the last stages of the practice just prior to liberation. In the oldest Buddhist sutras, on which several contemporary western Theravada teachers rely, it refers to the development of an investigative and luminous mind that is equanimous and mindful. In the yogic traditions and the Buddhist commentarial tradition, on which the Burmese Vipassana movement a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nirvikalpa
Vikalpa is a Sanskrit philosophical term used in Hinduism and Buddhism, meaning erroneous conceptualizations ("concepts, judgements, views, and opinions") which are coloured by emotions and desires.Oxford referenceVikalpa/ref> In Yogacara, it is the split between a perceiver and objects perceived, which constructs an erroneous reification of both. Nirvikalpa is the absence, or 'seeing-through', of these erroneous mental constructions, as aimed for in yoga and meditation, in which both the calming of the mind ( samatha, samadhi) and insight into the workings of the mind ( prajna, bodhi, vipassana) are sought after. Different senses of Vikalpa In the Abhidharma-Yogacara tradition, the term vikalpa is used in three different senses: * sensory awareness: like the eye seeing a color, which is a simple, non-conceptual perception that does not distinguish between details like blue versus yellow. * mental activity: involves organizing and focusing sensory input. * conceptulization: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-enquiry
Self-enquiry, also spelled self-inquiry (Sanskrit ''vichara'', also called ''jnana-vichara'' or '), is the constant attention to the inner awareness of "I" or "I am" recommended by Ramana Maharshi as the most efficient and direct way of discovering the unreality of the Ahamkara, "I"-thought. Ramana Mahirishi taught that the "I"-thought will disappear and only "I-I" or self-awareness remains. This results in an "effortless awareness of being", and by staying with it this "I-I" gradually destroys the Vāsanā, vasanas "which cause the 'I'-thought to rise," and finally the 'I'-thought never rises again, which is Self-realization or Moksha, liberation. Etymology ''Vichāra'' (Sanskrit: विचार) means deliberation; its root is वि (prefix to verbs and nouns it expresses) – चर् (to move, roam, obtain knowledge of). It is the faculty of discrimination between right and wrong; it is deliberation about cause and effect, and the final analysis. In various Indian tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viveka
''Viveka'' () is a Sanskrit and Pali term translated into English as discernment or discrimination. In the Vedanta, ''viveka'' is considered to be the first requirement of the spiritual journey, the next being ''vairagya'' (detachment), as a natural extension of ''viveka''. Advaita Vedanta Darshana interprets ''viveka'' as discrimination between the real (''Satya'') and the unreal (''asatya''). Visistadvaita Vedanta Darshana interprets viveka as discrimination of food. Advaita Interpretation According to Rao and Paranjpe, ''viveka'' can be understood as the sense of discrimination or wisdom: discrimination between the real and the unreal, between the self and the non-self, between the permanent and the impermanent; discriminative inquiry; right intuitive discrimination. Viveka also means the power of distinguishing the invisible Brahman from the visible world, a faculty that enables the classification of things according to their real properties. It is an antidote to '' avid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
