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Dresden–Bautzen
Dresden–Bautzen was one of the 35 electoral districts () used to elect members to the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic. It sent members to the Reichstag in nine democratic elections between 1919 and 1933. It existed nominally in the show elections to the Nazi Reichstag until 1938. Its boundaries corresponded to the contemporary '' Kreishauptmannschaft'' of Dresden and Bautzen within the Free State of Saxony. It was constituency 28 in the numbering scheme. Electoral system The constituency was created for the 1919 election. Under the proportional representation electoral system of the Weimar Republic, voters cast a vote for party lists An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list) or can c .... Parties were awarded a seat for every 60,000 votes in a constituency. Excess votes were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
The Reichstag of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) was the lower house of Germany's parliament; the upper house was the Reichsrat (Germany), Reichsrat, which represented the states. The Reichstag convened for the first time on 24 June 1920, taking over from the Weimar National Assembly, which had served as an interim parliament following the collapse of the German Empire in November 1918. Under the Weimar Constitution of 1919, the Reichstag was elected every four years by universal, equal, secret and direct suffrage, using a system of party-list proportional representation. All citizens who had reached the age of 20 were allowed to vote, including women for the first time, but excluding soldiers on active duty. The Reichstag voted on the laws of the Reich and was responsible for the budget, questions of war and peace, and confirmation of state treaties. Oversight of the Reich government (the ministers responsible for executing the laws) also resided with the Reichstag. It could f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kreishauptmannschaft Dresden
Kreishauptmannschaft Dresden was a Kreishauptmannschaft or administrative district in the Kingdom of Saxony. It was founded in 1835 and continued under the Free State of Saxony until it was merged with Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen in 1934 Dresden. Kreishauptmannschaft Dresden issued the Roman numeral II to road vehicles licensed there. In 1906 the Saxon authorities refused to add additional letters, in line with vehicle licensing reforms introduced in line with the rest of the German Empire. References * (1919) Die Kreishauptmannschaft Dresden ' by Willi Doenges, Berlin: Eckstein * (1929) ''Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Getreidemüllerei in der Kreishauptmannschaft Dresden seit Aufhebung der Konzessionspflicht (1861) bis zur Einführung der Kriegszwangswirtschaft (1915)'' by Friedrich Gille, Dresden: F. W. Kalbfleisch (1929). Kreishauptmannschaft {{Saxony-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 1933 German Federal Election
March is the third month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, the meteorological beginning of spring occurs on the first day of March. The March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. History The name of March comes from '' Martius'', the first month of the earliest Roman calendar. It was named after Mars, the Roman god of war, and an ancestor of the Roman people through his sons Romulus and Remus. His month ''Martius'' was the beginning of the season for warfare, and the festivals held in his honor during the month were mirrored by others in October, when the season for these activities came to a close. ''Martius'' remained the first month of the Roman calendar year perhaps as late as 153 BC, and several reli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
November 1932 German Federal Election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 6 November 1932.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p762 The Nazi Party saw its vote share fall by four percentage points, while there were slight increases for the Communist Party of Germany and the national conservative German National People's Party. The results were a great disappointment for the Nazis, who lost 34 seats and again failed to form a coalition government in the Reichstag. The elections were the last free and fair elections before the Nazis seized power the following year. Background The Nazi Party and Communist Party (KPD) held over half of the seats in the Reichstag after the July 1932 election. This made it impossible to form a government composed of moderates. Chancellor Franz von Papen could only rely on the support of the German National People's Party (DNVP) and German People's Party (DVP), who only held a total of 44 seats. A vote of no confidence was put forward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
July 1932 German Federal Election
Elections in Germany#German elections from 1871 to 1945, Federal elections were held in Weimar Republic, Germany on 31 July 1932, following the Presidential cabinets of the Weimar Republic, premature dissolution of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party of Germany, Communist Party increased their vote share as well. All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties. Background Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 German Federal Election
A federal election was held in Germany on 14 September 1930 to elect the fifth Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. Despite losing ten seats, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) remained the largest party in the Reichstag, winning 143 of the 577 seats, while the Nazi Party (NSDAP) dramatically increased its number of seats from 12 to 107. The Communists also increased their parliamentary representation, gaining 23 seats and becoming the third-largest party in the Reichstag. The government of Chancellor Heinrich Brüning of the Centre Party lost its majority in the Reichstag as a result of the election. With President Paul von Hindenburg's support, his new cabinet became the first of the three presidential cabinets that governed through presidential emergency decrees rather than the pariliament. Background After the 1928 German federal election, a five-party grand coalition was formed under Hermann Müller of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Following the collaps ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1928 German Federal Election
A federal election was held in Germany on 20 May 1928 to elect the fourth Reichstag of the Weimar Republic.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p762 It resulted in a significant shift to the left, with gains for the socialists and communists and losses for the nationalists. The centre-right government of Wilhelm Marx was replaced by a centre-left grand coalition government led by Hermann Müller of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Background During the almost four years since the previous Reichstag election in December 1924, Germany had been governed by four conservative cabinets, two of which included the radical nationalist German National People's Party (DNVP) and none the Social Democratic Party (SPD), which had the most seats of any party in the Reichstag. The final cabinet of Wilhelm Marx of the Catholic Centre Party collapsed in February 1928 due to a dispute over education policy, and an election was called for Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December 1924 German Federal Election
A federal election for the third Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag of the Weimar Republic was held in Germany on 7 December 1924. The parties of the far left and far right suffered significant losses in the voting, while the moderate left Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic Party (SPD) made the greatest gains and remained the strongest party in the Reichstag. The negotiations for a ruling coalition nevertheless led to a shift to the right. The new government of the independent Hans Luther, a five-party centre-right coalition without the SPD, included the monarchist German National People's Party (DNVP) for the first time. Background After the previous Reichstag May 1924 German federal election, election on May 1924, Chancellor Wilhelm Marx of the Catholic Centre Party (Germany), Centre Party stayed in office with a minority coalition of the Centre, German People's Party (DVP) and German Democratic Party (DDP). It controlled only 128 of the 472 seats in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 1924 German Federal Election
A federal election for the second Reichstag of the Weimar Republic was held in Germany on 4 May 1924. It took place following a series of national crises in 1923, most notably the occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops and the resulting period of hyperinflation. The election campaign was marked by strong ideological differences over how the government had handled the problems. In the voting, the parties of the far left and far right made significant gains at the expense of the moderate parties that had been in the government or had supported it. The splintered party groupings in the new Reichstag made it impossible to form a majority coalition. The government led by Wilhelm Marx of the Centre Party therefore continued in office, but his cabinet – already the eleventh government of the Weimar Republic – lasted only a little over six months before Marx requested a new election. Background The election of 4 May 1924 took place in the wake of a number of nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 German Federal Election
Federal elections were held in Germany on 6 June 1920 to elect the first Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. It succeeded the Weimar National Assembly elected in 1919 German federal election, January 1919, which had drafted and ratified the Weimar Constitution. The election took place during a period of political violence and widespread anger over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. The voting resulted in substantial losses for the three moderate parties of the Weimar Coalition that had dominated the National Assembly. There were corresponding gains for the parties on the left and right which had not supported the Assembly's aims. The new Reichstag was unable to form a majority ruling coalition and settled for a centre-right minority government. The Weimar Republic's first election revealed an early loss of faith in democracy among German voters which foreshadowed the parliamentary difficulties that troubled the Republic throughout its short life. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Party Lists
An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can be open, in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, or closed, in which case the order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list. Electoral lists are required for party-list proportional representation systems. An electoral list is made according to the applying nomination rules and election rules. Depending on the type of election, a political party, a general assembly, or a board meeting, may elect or appoint a nominating committee that will add, and if required, prioritize list-candidates according to their preferences. Qualification, popularity, gender, age, geography, and occupation are preferences that may influence th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to political divisions (Political party, political parties) among voters. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast contribute to the result so that each representative in an assembly is mandated by a roughly equal number of voters, and therefore all votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a bare Plurality (voting), plurality or a scant majority in a district are all that are used to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast. Where only a choice of parties is allowed, the seats are allocated to parties in proportion to the vote tally or ''vote share'' each party receives. Exact proportionality is never achieved under PR systems, except by chance. The use of elector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
