|
Document Structuring Conventions
Document Structuring Conventions (DSC) is a set of standards for PostScript, based on the use of comments, that specifies a way to structure a PostScript file and a way to expose that structure in a machine-readable way. A PostScript file that conforms to DSC is called a ''conforming document''. The need for a structuring convention arises since PostScript is a Turing-complete programming language. There is thus no guaranteed method — short of actually printing the document — to do things like determining how many pages long a given document is or how large a given page is, or how to skip to a particular page. The addition of structure, with DSC comments exposing that structure, helps provide a way for, e.g., an intelligent print spooler to have the ability to rearrange the pages for printing, or for a page layout program to find the bounding box of a PostScript file used as a graphic image. Collectively, any such program that takes PostScript files as input data is called a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language. It is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock, Charles Geschke, Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997. History The concepts of the PostScript language were seeded in 1976 by John Gaffney at Evans & Sutherland, a computer graphics company. At that time, Gaffney and John Warnock were developing an interpreter for a large three-dimensional graphics database of New York Harbor. Concurrently, researchers at Xerox PARC had developed the first laser printer and had recognized the need for a standard means of defining page images. In 1975–76 Bob Sproull and William Newman developed the Press format, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Source Code
In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language. A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer. Since a computer, at base, only understands machine code, source code must be Translator (computing), translated before a computer can Execution (computing), execute it. The translation process can be implemented three ways. Source code can be converted into machine code by a compiler or an assembler (computing), assembler. The resulting executable is machine code ready for the computer. Alternatively, source code can be executed without conversion via an interpreter (computing), interpreter. An interpreter loads the source code into memory. It simultaneously translates and executes each statement (computer science), statement. A method that combines compilation and interpretation is to first produce bytecode. Bytecode is an intermediate representation of source code tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
US Letter
Letter (officially ANSI A) is a paper size standard defined in ANSI/ASME Y14.1 by the American National Standards Institute, commonly used as home or office stationery primarily in the United States, Canada, and the Philippines, and variably across Latin America."US Letter" is the primary paper size used in Belize, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela according to It measures and is similar in use to the A4 paper standard at used by most other countries, defined in ISO 216 by the International Organization for Standardization. Details The Reagan administration made Letter-size paper the norm for US federal forms in the early 1980s; previously, the smaller "official" Government Letter size, (aspect ratio: 1.3125), was used in government, while paper was standard in most other offices. The aspect ratio is ≈ 1.294 and the diagonal is ≈ in length. In the US, paper den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Point (typography)
In typography, the point is the smallest unit of measure. It is used for measuring font size, leading, and other items on a printed page. The size of the point has varied throughout printing's history. Since the 18th century, the size of a point has been between 0.18 and 0.4 millimeters. Following the advent of desktop publishing in the 1980s and 1990s, digital printing has largely supplanted the letterpress printing and has established the desktop publishing (DTP) point as the ''de facto'' standard. The DTP point is defined as of an inch (or exactly 0.352 mm) and, as with earlier American point sizes, is considered to be of a pica. In metal type, the point size of a font describes the height of the metal body on which that font's characters were cast. In digital type, letters of a computer font are designed around an imaginary space called an '' em square''. When a point size of a font is specified, the font is scaled so that its em square has a side length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvips
dvips is a computer program that converts the Device Independent file format (DVI) output of TeX typography into a printable or otherwise presentable form. was written by Tomas Rokicki to produce printable PostScript files from DVI input, and is now commonly used for general DVI conversion. The TeX typesetting system outputs DVI files which are intended to be independent of the output device. In particular, they are not understood by printers and lack information such as font shapes. Thus, a converter (i.e., a backend) is needed to translate from a DVI file to a printer language. Although other DVI backends such as dvilj exist, is one of the most common ways of printing DVI files. Another, more recent solution is the use of pdfTeX to directly generate PDF files, which have readers for most platforms. Given its importance, is a standard part of most TeX distributions, such as teTeX, and TeX Live. By using TeX \special commands, it is possible to directly insert "liter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library (computing)
In computing, a library is a collection of System resource, resources that can be leveraged during software development to implement a computer program. Commonly, a library consists of executable code such as compiled function (computer science), functions and Class (computer programming), classes, or a library can be a collection of source code. A resource library may contain data such as images and Text string, text. A library can be used by multiple, independent consumers (programs and other libraries). This differs from resources defined in a program which can usually only be used by that program. When a consumer uses a library resource, it gains the value of the library without having to implement it itself. Libraries encourage software reuse in a Modular programming, modular fashion. Libraries can use other libraries resulting in a hierarchy of libraries in a program. When writing code that uses a library, a programmer only needs to know how to use it not its internal d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argument (computer Science)
In computer programming, a parameter, a.k.a. formal argument, is a variable that represents an argument, a.k.a. actual argument, a.k.a. actual parameter, to a subroutine call.. A function's signature defines its parameters. A call invocation involves evaluating each argument expression of a call and associating the result with the corresponding parameter. For example, consider subroutine def add(x, y): return x + y. Variables x and y are parameters. For call add(2, 3), the expressions 2 and 3 are arguments. For call add(a+1, b+2), the arguments are a+1 and b+2. Parameter passing is defined by a programming language. Evaluation strategy defines the semantics for how parameters can be declared and how arguments are passed to a subroutine. Generally, with call by value, a parameter acts like a new, local variable initialized to the value of the argument. If the argument is a variable, the subroutine cannot modify the argument state because the parameter is a copy. With call by ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Page Description
Page most commonly refers to: * Page (paper), one side of a leaf of paper, as in a book Page, PAGE, pages, or paging may also refer to: Roles * Page (assistance occupation), a professional occupation * Page (servant), traditionally a young male servant * Page (wedding attendant) People and fictional characters * Page (given name), a list of people * Page (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Pages (surname) * H. A. Page, a pen name of Scottish author Alexander Hay Japp (1836–1905) Places Australia * Page, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra * Division of Page, New South Wales * Pages River, a tributary of the Hunter River catchment in New South Wales, Australia * The Pages, South Australia, two islands and a reef **The Pages Conservation Park, a protected area in South Australia United States * Page, Arizona, a city * Page, Indiana * Page, Minneapolis, Minnesota, a neighborhood * Page, Nebraska, a village * Page, North Dakota, a city * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operator (programming)
In computer programming, an operator is a programming language construct that provides functionality that may not be possible to define as a user-defined function (i.e. sizeof in C) or has syntax different than a function (i.e. infix addition as in a+b). Like other programming language concepts, ''operator'' has a generally accepted, although debatable meaning among practitioners while at the same time each language gives it specific meaning in that context, and therefore the meaning varies by language. Some operators are represented with symbols characters typically not allowed for a function identifier to allow for presentation that is more familiar looking than typical function syntax. For example, a function that tests for greater-than could be named gt, but many languages provide an infix symbolic operator so that code looks more familiar. For example, this: if gt(x, y) then return Can be: if x > y then return Some languages allow a language-defined operator to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adobe Illustrator Artwork
Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor and Computer-aided design, design software developed and marketed by Adobe Inc., Adobe. Originally designed for the Apple Inc., Apple Mac (computer), Macintosh, development of Adobe Illustrator began in 1985. Along with Creative Cloud (Adobe's shift to a monthly or annual subscription service delivered over the Internet), Illustrator CC was released. The latest Software versioning, version, Illustrator 2025, was released on October 14, 2024, and is the 29th generation in the product line. Adobe Illustrator was reviewed as the best vector graphics editing program in 2021 by ''PC Magazine, PC'' ''PC Magazine, Magazine''. History Versions 1–1.6 (Illustrator 88) Development of Adobe Illustrator for the Apple Inc., Apple Macintosh began in 1985 (shipping in January 1987) as Adobe's second software product after PostScript. Adobe co-founder and CEO John Edward Warnock, John Warnock created Illustrator in late 1986 to automate many of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comment (computer Programming)
In computer programming, a comment is text embedded in source code that a translator (compiler or interpreter (computing), interpreter) ignores. Generally, a comment is an annotation intended to make the code easier for a programmer to understand often explaining an aspect that is not readily apparent in the program (non-comment) code. For this article, ''comment'' refers to the same concept in a programming language, markup language, configuration file and any similar context. Some development tools, other than a source code translator, do parse comments to provide capabilities such as API documentation generator, document generation, static analysis, and version control integration. The comparison of programming languages (syntax)#Comments, syntax of comments varies by programming language yet there are repeating patterns in the syntax among languages as well as similar aspects related to comment content. The flexibility supported by comments allows for a wide degree of cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encapsulated PostScript
Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a Document Structuring Convention (DSC) conforming PostScript document format usable as a graphics file format. The format was developed as early as 1987 by John Warnock and Chuck Geschke, the founders of Adobe, together with Aldus. The basis of early versions of the Adobe Illustrator Artwork file format is formed by EPS together with the DSC Open Structuring Conventions. In short, EPS files are self-contained, reasonably predictable PostScript documents that describe an image or drawing and can be placed within another PostScript document. An EPS file is essentially a PostScript program, saved as a single file that includes a low-resolution preview "encapsulated" within it, allowing some programs to display a preview on the screen. An EPS file contains a DSC comment describing the rectangle containing the image. Applications can use this information to lay out the page, even if they are unable to directly render the PostScript inside. Preview ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
