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Djer
Djer (or Zer or Sekhty; ) is considered the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt in current Egyptology. He lived around the mid 31st century BC and reigned for c. 40 years. A mummified forearm of Djer or his wife was discovered by Egyptologist Flinders Petrie, but was discarded by Émile Brugsch. Name Manetho records the third pharaoh as ''Kenkenês''. Jürgen von Beckerath in the Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (1999) translates the hieroglyphs of the name Djer as "Defender of Horus." Length of reign Although the Egyptian priest Manetho, writing in the third century BC, stated that Djer ruled for 57 years, modern research by Toby Wilkinson in ''Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt'' stresses that the near-contemporary and therefore, more accurate Palermo Stone ascribes Djer a reign of "41 complete and partial years." Wilkinson notes that years 1–10 of Djer's reign are preserved in register II of the Palermo Stone, while the middle years of this pharaoh's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm El-Qa'ab
Umm El Qaʻāb (sometimes romanisation, romanised Umm El Gaʻab, ) is an archaeological site located at Abydos, Egypt. Its modern name, meaning "Mother of Pots", refers to the mound made of millions of broken pieces of pots which defines the landscape. Umm el Qa'ab contains evidence that the site is the cemetery for Egypt's predynastic proto-kings along with rulers of the 1st and 2nd dynasties. In addition to early royal tombs, evidence also suggests a link between the site, the cult of Osiris, and Osiris' annual festival. The cemetery was likely founded during the Naqada I period (4,000 BCE) as evident from the tomb structures, pottery, and seal impressions excavated from the site. The location continued as a royal cemetery through the First Dynasty (2,950-2,775 BCE) and ended with the burial of only the last two kings of the Second Dynasty, Peribsen and Khasekhemy (2,650 BCE). The Pre and Early dynastic royal cemetery at Umm el-Qa'ab became a site of veneration and cultic practic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djet
Djet, also known as Wadjet, Wadj, Zet, and Uadji (in Greek possibly the pharaoh known as Uenephes or possibly Atothis; ), was the fourth pharaoh of the First Dynasty, successor of Djer. Djet's Horus name means "Horus Cobra" or "Serpent of Horus". Family Djet's queen was his sister Merneith, who may have ruled as a pharaoh in her own right after his death. There is a possibility that a woman known as Ahaneith was also one of his wives. Djet and Merneith's son was Den, and their grandson was Anedjib. Reign How long Djet ruled is unknown. Only one Seker festival is attested by ivory labels dating to his reign, whose duration is estimated to be anywhere between six and ten years. According to Wolfgang Helck he reigned 10 years. From a calendar entry, Djer is known to have died on 7 Peret III while Djet began his reign on 22 Peret IV. The reason for the 45 days of interregnum is unknown. Details of Djet's reign are lost in the lacunas of the Palermo Stone. However, fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hor-Aha
Hor-Aha (or Aha or Horus Aha; ) is considered the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt by some Egyptology, Egyptologists, while others consider him the first one and corresponding to Menes. He lived around the 31st century BC and is thought to have had a long reign. Identity Name The commonly used name ''Hor-Aha'' is a rendering of the pharaoh's Ancient Egyptian royal titulary#Horus name, Horus-name, an element of the Ancient Egyptian royal titulary, royal titulary associated with the god Horus, and is more fully given as ''Horus-Aha'' meaning ''Horus the Fighter''. Manetho's record ''Aegyptiaca'' (translating to History of Egypt) lists his Greek name as Athothis, or "Athotís". For the Early Dynastic Period (Egypt), Early Dynastic Period, the archaeological record refers to the pharaohs by their Horus-names, while the historical record, as evidenced in the Turin King List, Turin and Abydos King List, Abydos king lists, uses an alternative royal titulary, the Ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neithhotep
Neithhotep or Neith-hotep () was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archeological evidence may indicate that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earliest known female monarch in history.Owen Jarus: ''Name of queen Neith-hotep found at Wadj Ameyra''. In: ''Live Science, 19. January 2016'' (online). (English) She was subsequently considered to be the wife of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, , and the mother of Hor-Aha. She was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merneith
Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith; died 2950 BC) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right, based on several official records. If this was the case and the earlier royal wife Neithhotep never ruled as an independent regent, Merneith may have been the first female pharaoh and the earliest queen regnant in recorded history. Her rule occurred around 2950 BC for an undetermined period. Merneith’s name means "Beloved by Neith" and her stele contains symbols of that ancient Egyptian deity. She may have been Djer's daughter and was probably Djet's senior royal wife. The former meant that she would have been the great-granddaughter of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer. She was also the mother of Den, her successor. Family Merneith is linked with the kings Djer, Djet, and Den in a variety of seal impressions and inscribed bowls. Merneith may have been the daughter of Djer, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penebui
Penebui (died 3000 BC) was an early Egyptian queen and most possibly the wife of king Djer during the 1st Dynasty. Her name was found engraved on several ivory tags. Identity There are at least three ivory tags showing queen Penebui. Two were found in the necropolis of king Djer at Abydos, one (pretty damaged) at Saqqara in an anonymous tomb. The tags, called ''year tablets'', show depictions of several ceremonies, such as a human sacrifice and the presentation of several cultic objects. The center of the engraving shows two figures of deceased queens. They are shown in shape of busts with female heads and hairstyles, resting on palatial decorated pedestals. There are fountains of blood coming out of their foreheads, symbolising the death of the women. In earlier times these blood fountains were falsely interpreted as flower ornaments or snake diadems. Both ladies names are introduced by a rare hieroglyph similar to the later sign for "excrement", the signs on the labels simpl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herneith
Herneith () was a Queen consort of ancient Egypt. She lived during the 1st Dynasty. The name herneith means "The face of Neith". Documents In the tomb of Herneith in Saqqara her name is found scratched on a vase, while in Abydos the name is found written together with the name of Djer.Emery: Great Tombs III , page 94 However, the interpretation of their names written together remains controversial and it is not even certain that ''Herneith'' refers to a woman, and thus to a queen. Biography It is not known who Herneith's parents were. She is thought to be a queen of Djer but there is no conclusive evidence. Tyldesley suggests Herneith as a possible mother of Den, but it is more commonly thought that Merneith was his mother.J. Tyldesley, Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt, 2006, Thames & HudsonAidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004, Grajetzki mentions that even though Herneith is known from her tomb in Saqqara and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Dynasty Of Egypt
The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty I) covers the first series of Egyptian kings to rule over a unified Egypt. It immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, by Menes, or Narmer, and marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period, when power was centered at Thinis. The date of this period is subject to scholarly debate about the Egyptian chronology. It falls within the early Bronze Age and is variously estimated to have begun anywhere between the 34th and the 30th centuriesBC. In a 2013 study based on radiocarbon dates, the accession of Hor-Aha, the second king of the First Dynasty, was placed between 3111 and 3045 BC with 68% confidence, and between 3218 and 3035 with 95% confidence. The same study placed the accession of Den, the sixth king of the dynasty, between 2928 and 2911 BC with 68% confidence, although a 2023 radiocarbon analysis placed Den's accession potentially earlier, between 3011 and 2921, within a broader window of 3104 to 2913. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nakhtneith
Nakhtneith () was a queen consort of ancient Egypt. She lived during the 1st Dynasty. Her name means "strong is (the goddess) Neith". Biography Nakhtneith ( Nḫt Nj.t) was the wife of Pharaoh Djer. She is known from a stela found in Abydos (stela 95) where she was buried near her husband.Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton: The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson, 2004, Grajetski Ancient Egyptian Queens: a hieroglyphic dictionary Golden House Publications, pg. 3 On the stela she holds the titles "Great one of the hetes scepter" ('' Wr.t-ḥts'')V. G. Callender, Reviewed Work(s): Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten, von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie by Silke Roth, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 91 (2005), pp. 208JSTOR/ref> and "she who carries Horus" (''Rmn- Ḥr.(w)''). The stela is currently in the Cairo Museum The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, commonly known as the Egyptian Museum (, Egyptian Arabic: ) (also called the Cairo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khenthap
Khenthap (also written Khenet-Hapi) was a hypothetical queen of Ancient Egypt. She is said to have lived during the 1st Dynasty. Her historical figure is very obscure, since there are no contemporary sources for her name. She appears only once in a much later inscription. Evidence Egyptologists and historians are still debating as to who Khenthap was as a historical figure. The archaeologically recorded seal impressions from first dynasty tombs at Abydos never mention her. She appears only in an inscription on the Palermo stone, a stela made of black schist that lists the kings from Narmer (1st Dynasty) up to king Neferirkare ( 6th Dynasty). Additionally, the stone lists the mother of each king. The inscription spells out Khenthap's name, but doesn't record any of her titles (except for that of a "mother"). Biography The inscription on the Cairo fragment describes Khenthap as the mother of king Djer. Joyce Tyldesley thinks Khenthap was a wife of king Hor-Aha and that her g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palermo Stone
The Palermo Stone is one of seven surviving fragments of a stele known as the Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The stele contained a list of the kings of Egypt from the First Dynasty (c.3150–2890 BCE) through to the early part of the Fifth Dynasty (c.2498–2345 BCE) and noted significant events in each year of their reigns. It was probably made during the Fifth Dynasty.Dodson, Aidan (2004) ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt'', p.62. Thames & Hudson, . The Palermo Stone is held in the Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas in the city of Palermo, Italy, from which it derives its name. The Palermo Stone and other fragments of the Royal Annals preserve what is probably the oldest historical text that has survived from Ancient Egypt and form a key source for Egyptian history in the Old Kingdom.Hsu, Hsu, Shih-Wei (2010) ''The Palermo Stone: the Earliest Royal Inscription from Ancient Egypt'', Altoriental. Forsch., Akademie Verlag, 37 (2010) 1, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
