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Djedefre
Djedefre (also known as Djedefra and Radjedef; died 2558 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, 4th Dynasty during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom. He is well known by the Hellenization, Hellenized form of his name Rhatoisēs (Ῥατοίσης) by Manetho. Djedefre was the son and immediate throne successor of Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza; his mother is not known for certain. He is the king who introduced the royal title ''Sa-Rê'' (meaning “Son of Ra”) and the first to connect his cartouche name with the sun god Ra. Family Djedefre married his brother Kawab's widow, Hetepheres II. She was a sister to both of them, and who perhaps married a third brother of theirs, Khafre, after Djedefre's death.Dodson & Hilton, p.55 Another queen, Khentetka, Khentetenka is known from statue fragments in the Abu Rowash mortuary temple. Children with Hetepheres II or Khentetka * Hornit (“Eldest King's Son of His Body”) kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Dynasty Of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Dynasty IV lasted from to c. 2498 BC. It was a time of peace and prosperity as well as one during which trade with other countries is officially documented. The Fourth Dynasty heralded the height of the pyramid-building age. The peaceful rule of the Third Dynasty of Egypt, Third Dynasty allowed artistic expressions to flourish. Building experiments done by King Sneferu led to the evolution of mastaba tombs into the smooth sided pyramids like those seen on the Giza Plateau. No other period in Egyptian history equaled the accomplishments achieved during the Fourth Dynasty.Egypt: Land and Lives of the Pharaohs Revealed, (2005), pp. 80–90, Global Book Publishing: Australia Rulers Summary of Listed Kings Sneferu Sneferu, lauded as "Bringer of Beauty", "Master of All Justice", and "Ruler of Lower and Upper Nile", was the first pharaoh of the fourt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyramid Of Djedefre
The pyramid of Djedefre is Egypt's northernmost pyramid. Believed to have been built by Djedefre, son and successor to king Khufu, it consists today mostly of ruins located at Abu Rawash in Egypt. Excavation report on the pyramid complex was published in 2011. Theories Though some Egyptologists in the last few decades have suggested otherwise, recent excavations at Abu Rawash carried out by Dr. Michel Baud of the Louvre Museum in Paris suggest the pyramid was in fact more than half finished. If completed, however, it is suggested to have been about the same size as the pyramid of Menkaure – the third largest of the Giza pyramids. The exterior is thought to have been clad with limestone and polished granite. The pyramid's ancient name was "Djedefre's Starry Sky". The destruction started at the end of the New Kingdom at the latest, and was particularly intense during the Roman and early Christian eras when a Coptic monastery was built in nearby Wadi Karin. It has been prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khentetka
Khentetka or Khentetenka (fl. 26th century BCE) was a queen consort of Egypt; the wife of King Djedefre during the 4th Dynasty. Biography Khentetka's titles include ''King's Beloved Wife'' (''ḥm.t-nỉswt mrỉỉt=f''), ''She who sees Horus and Set'' (''m33.t-ḥrw-stš''), ''Attendant of Horus'' (''ḫt-ḥrw''), ''Priestess of Neith'' (''ḥm.t-nṯr nt''). It is not known who Khentetka's parents were. Khentetka was the wife of the 4th dynasty king Djedefre and it is possible she was the mother of some of his children. Djedefre had another wife named Hetepheres. Djedefre had four sons ( Hornit, Baka, Setka, and Nikaudjedefre) and two daughters (Hetepheres C and Neferhetepes) but it is not known if Khentetka or Hetepheres (or even another woman) was the mother of these children.Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt'' 2004 It has been suggested that Princess Neferhetepes was the daughter of Djedefre by Hetepheres. Statues and buri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Setka (prince)
Setka () is the name of an ancient Egyptian crown prince. He is known for his statuette in the shape of a seated scribe. He is also the subject of a theory that claims he was king of Egypt for a very short time. Identity Setka was the eldest son and crown prince of king Djedefre. He lived and worked during the 4th Dynasty. His family life is unknown, the names of his wives and children are lost. Since the names of three other sons of Djedefre, namely Baka, Harnit, and Nykau-Djedefre are archaeologically detected, these should be Setka's brothers or half-brothers. The daughters of Djedefre, Hetepheres III and Neferhetepes, would be Setka's sisters or half-sisters. His mother is unknown, too. It could be one of Djedefre's wives, Khentetka or Hetepheres II, but this is highly uncertain.Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton: ''The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt''. The American University in Cairo Press, London 2004, , p. 52-61.Aidan Dodson: ''On the date of the unfinished pyramid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Rawash
Abu Rawash (also spelled ''Abu Roach'', Abu Roash; , , , "flesh of sensual pleasures"), north of Giza, is the site of Egypt's most northerly pyramid, also known as the lost pyramid – the mostly ruined Pyramid of Djedefre, the son and successor of Khufu. Originally, it was thought that this pyramid had never been completed, but the current archaeological consensus is that not only was it completed, but that it was built about the same size as the Pyramid of Menkaure – the third largest of the Giza pyramids. It's believed that the destruction of the pyramid started at the end of the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom at the latest, and was particularly intense during the Roman and early Christian eras when Wadi El Natrun#Invasion of Scetis, a Coptic monastery was built in nearby Wadi El Natrun, Wadi Karin. It has been proven, moreover, that at the end of the nineteenth century, stone was still being hauled away at the rate of three hundred camel loads a day. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetepheres II
Hetepheres II ( 2590 BC - 2500 BC) was a queen of ancient Egypt during the 4th Dynasty. Biography Birth and family Queen Hetepheres II may have been one of the longest-lived members of the royal family of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, which lasted from c. 2723 to 2563 BC. She was a daughter of KhufuAidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson (2004), p.57 and was either born during the reign of her grandfather Sneferu or during the early years of her father's reign. She was named after her grandmother, Hetepheres I and she had an aunt named Hetepheres A. A fragmentary titulature found in the tomb of Meritites I may indicate that she was the mother of Hetepheres II. ;Titles of Hetepheres II *Daughter of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Khufu (''zat-nesut-biti-Khufu,'' '' zꜣt nswt bjtj ḫw.f-wj'') *King’s beloved daughter of his body (''zat-nesut-khetef-meretef, zꜣt nswt ẖt .f mrt .f'') *King’s Daughter (''zat-nesut, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khufu
Khufu or Cheops (died 2566 BC) was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom of Egypt, Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). Khufu succeeded his father Sneferu as king. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are poorly documented.Thomas Schneider: ''Lexikon der Pharaonen''. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, , page 100–104. The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a Khufu Statuette, small ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of a later period at Abydos, Egypt, Abydos in 1903. All other reliefs and statues were found in fragments, and many buildings of Khufu are lost. Everything known about Khufu comes from inscriptions in his necropolis at Giza pyramid complex, Giza and later documents. For example, Khufu is the main character noted in the Westcar Papyrus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baka (prince)
Baka () was an ancient Egyptian prince. He is known for his destroyed statuette. He is also the subject of a theory that claims he was pharaoh, king of Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, Egypt for a very short time. Thus, he might be identical to a scarcely known king named Bikheris. Identity Baka was a prince and son of king Djedefre. He lived and worked during the 4th Dynasty. His family life is unknown, and the names of his wives and children are lost. Since the names of three other sons of Djedefre, namely Setka (prince), Setka, Harnit and Nykau-Djedefre, are archaeologically attested, these should be Baka's brothers or half-brothers. The daughters of Djedefre, Hetepheres III and Neferhetepes, would be Baka's sisters or half-sisters. His mother is unknown, too. She could be one of Djedefre's wives, Khentetka or Hetepheres II, but this is highly uncertain.Aidan Dodson: ''On the date of the unfinished pyramid of Zawyet el-Aryan''. In: ''Discussion in Egyptology'', vol. 3. University Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawab
Kawab ( 2600 BC - 2570 BC) was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 4th Dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Khufu and Queen Meritites I. Kawab served as vizier and was buried in the double mastaba G 7110–7120 in the east field which is part of the Giza Necropolis. Biography Kawab was the eldest son of King Khufu and Meritites I and half-brother of kings Djedefre and Khafre. He was possibly born during the reign of his grandfather Sneferu. Kawab married his sister Hetepheres II. They had at least three 1 son named Mindjedef and a daughter named Meresankh III. Duaenhor is thought by some to be a son and Kaemsekhem probably is one. Kawab died during the reign of his fatherDodson & Hilton, p.59 so the next ruler was Djedefre, who married his widow Hetepheres II. It used to be believed that Djedefre had Kawab murdered, since Djedefre was buried in Abu Rawash, instead of Giza, which was the custom. Djedefre's pyramid was also vandalized, but it is now thought that the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Sphinx Of Giza
The Great Sphinx of Giza is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion. Facing east, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The original shape of the Sphinx was cut from bedrock of the Eocene-aged Mokattam Formation, and has since been restored with layers of limestone blocks. It measures long from paw to tail, high from the base to the top of the head and wide at its rear haunches. The Sphinx is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and one of the most recognizable statues in the world. The face of the Sphinx remains a matter of scholarly dispute; it appears to represent the pharaoh Khufu or one of his sons, pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. Archaeological evidence suggests that it was created by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of Khufu () or Khafre (). The circumstances surrounding the Sphinx's nose being broken off are uncertain, but close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bikheris
Bikheris () is the Hellenized name of an ancient Egyptian king, who may have ruled during the 4th Dynasty ( Old Kingdom period). Next to nothing is known about this ruler and some Egyptologists even believe him to be fictitious.Jürgen von Beckerath: ''Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr.'' (= ''Münchner ägyptologische Studien'', vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997, , p. 158. Identity Possible name sources In attempts to reconstruct Ancient Egyptian king lists, Egyptologists and historians face several problems. As already mentioned, ''Bikheris'' is a Hellenized name variation. The name appears in the book '' Aegyptiaca'' written by Manetho around 300 BC. In a Latin copy of Manetho, written by Eratosthenes, a king named ''Biuris'' is placed at the date when Bikheris allegedly ruled. Scholars wonder if both names actually derive from one and the same Egyptian source.Alan B. Lloyd: ''Commenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
