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Ditrysia
Ditrysia is a clade of lepidopterans that contains both butterflies and a majority of moth species. They are named for the fact that the female has two distinct sexual openings: one for mating, and the other for laying eggs. About 98% of known Lepidoptera species belong to Ditrysia. As larvae, they initially feed on plants until they grow to become adults and feed on nectar. They function as herbivores, pollinators, and prey in terrestrial ecosystems, and can also be extremely damaging to crops. The Lepidoptera group can be divided into the primitive but paraphyletic "micromoths" and the derived monophyletic Apoditrysia, which include mostly larger moths, as well as the butterflies. Those with a dorsal heart vessel belong in section Cossina. Others, having a ventral heart vessel, belong in section Tineina. While it is difficult to pinpoint the origin of affinities between clades, Tineoidea are found to be useful in understanding the vast diversity in Ditrysia. Obstecomera and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simaethistoidea
Simaethistoidea is an obscure superfamily of pyralid-like moths with two genera, whose biology and relationships among the Ditrysia]is currently unknown, namely the Australian ''Metaprotus'' (2 specieand the China and North Indian ''Simaethistis'' (2 species) (Dugdale ''et al.'', 1999). Genera and species *''Metaprotus'' Hampson, 1899 *''Simaethistis'' Hampson, 1896 References *Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999). The smaller microlepidoptera-grade superfamilies. Ch. 13, P. 219 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). ''Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies''. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York. *''Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders'', edited by Christopher O'Toole, , 2002 External lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alucitoidea
Aluctoidea is the superfamily of many-plumed and false plume moths. These small moths are most easily recognized by their wings. These each consist of many (typically more than 3) narrow strips of membrane around the major veins, instead of a continuous sheet of membrane between the veins. In living moths in the wild, this is often hard to see however. When they are at rest, the "plumes" partly overlap, appearing as solid wings. But even then, they can be recognized by the wings having a marked lengthwise pattern and uneven edge. They contain two families at most: * Alucitidae – many-plumed moths * Tineodidae – false plume moths Sometimes, only one family is accepted, Tineodidae being merged into Alucitidae with the Alucitoidea thus becoming monotypic. Most of the roughly 160 described species in the superfamily belong to the many-plumed moths; these include a few rather widespread genera. The false plume moths consist of numerous small and well-distinct lineages; n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yponomeutoidea
Yponomeutoidea is a superfamily of ermine moths and relatives. There are about 1,800 species of Yponomeutoids worldwide, most of them known to come from temperate regions. This superfamily is one of the earliest groups to evolve external feeding and to colonize herbs in addition to shrubs and trees. Families The family composition of Yponomeutoidea has varied over time, with a 2013 study assigning eleven families: * Argyresthiidae * Attevidae * Bedelliidae * Glyphipterigidae * Heliodinidae *Lyonetiidae *Plutellidae *Praydidae * Scythropiidae *Yponomeutidae * Ypsolophidae Etymology The word Yponomeutoidea comes from the Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ... (') meaning under and (') meaning food or dwelling, thus "feeding secretly, or burrow". Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obtectomera
The Obtectomera is a clade of macro-moths and butterflies, comprising over 100,000 species in at least 12 Superfamily (zoology), superfamilies. This clade was initially defined by a pupal stage with the four anterior abdominal segments fused and immobile as the sole Apomorphy and synapomorphy, synapomorphy, but was later revised to include the modification of the dorsal edge of the Pulvilli, pulvillus with a protrusion in the adult. Taxonomy The Obtectomera includes the following 12 superfamilies: * Whalleyanoidea Minet, 1991 * Thyridoidea Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 – picture-winged leaf moths * Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 – teak moths * Calliduloidea Moore, 1877 – Old World butterfly-moths * Papilionoidea Latreille, 1802 – true butterflies * Pyraloidea Latreille, 1809 – pyraloid moths * Mimallonoidea Burmeister, 1878 – sack bearers (sometimes included Macroheterocera) * Macroheterocera Chapman, 1893 ** Drepanoidea Boisduval, 1828 – drepanids ** Noctuoidea Latreille, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whalleyanoidea
''Whalleyana'' is an enigmatic genus of moths in the lepidopteran group Obtectomera, endemic to Madagascar. The genus contains two species, whose biology are unknown. The genus had been placed in the picture-winged leaf moths, (Thyrididae), but then was placed in its own family (Minet, 1991), and later elevated to its own superfamily (Dugdale et al., 1999: 229-230); see also Fänger (2004). The genus was named after Paul E. S. Whalley, a British entomologist. Genomic studies have found them to be most closely related to Callidulidae Callidulidae, the only known family of the superfamily Calliduloidea, is the family of Old World butterfly-moths, containing eight genera. They have a peculiar distribution, restricted to the Old World tropics of Southeast Asia to Australasia an ..., and it is suggested that they should be placed in Calliduloidea. References *Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999). The non-Glossatan Moths. Ch. 13, pp. 217–2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urodoidea
Urodoidea is a superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... of moths in the clade Apoditrysia. It currently contains two families: Urodidae and Ustyurtiidae. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q19896545 Lepidoptera superfamilies Ditrysia Taxa described in 1988 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossoidea
Cossoidea is the superfamily of moths that includes carpenter moths and relatives. Like their likely sister group Sesioidea they are internal feeders and have spiny pupae with moveable segments to allow them to extrude out of their exit holes in stems and trunks during emergence of the adult (Edwards ''et al.'', 1999). The Limacodidae The Limacodidae or Eucleidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Zygaenoidea or the Cossoidea;Scoble, M.J. (1992). ''The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity.'' Oxford University Press. the placement is in dispute. They are often ca ... are sometimes included here as a third family. But the Sesioidea, and perhaps the Zygaenoidea and/or Tortricoidea, seem to be close relatives of the Cossoidea, and the relation of these – in particular the Zygaenoidea – to the Limacodidae requires further study. References *Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. and Nielsen, E.S. (1999). The cossoid/sesioid assemblage. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gelechioidea
__NOTOC__ Gelechioidea (from the type genus ''Gelechia'', "keeping to the ground") is the Taxonomic rank, superfamily of moths that contains the case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives, also simply called curved-horn moths or gelechioid moths. It is a large and poorly understood '"micromoth" superfamily, constituting one of the basal (evolution), basal lineages of the Ditrysia.Robinson ''et al.'' (1994), Hodges (1999), O'Toole (2002) As of the 1990s, this superfamily was composed of about 1,425 genera and 16,250 species. It was estimated that only 25% of the species diversity of Gelechioidea had been described. If this estimate is accurate, Gelechioidea will be one of the largest superfamilies of Lepidoptera. The name "curved-horn moths" refers to one of the few conspicuous features found in (almost) all Gelechioidea, and, at least in the more extreme developments, unique to them: the External morphology of Lepidoptera#Palpi, labial palps are well-developed (though not thickene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimallonoidea
Mimallonidae (mimallonids), sometimes known as "sack-bearer" moths for the larval case-building behavior, are a family of Lepidoptera containing over 300 named species in 43 genera. These moths are found only in the New World, with most taxa occurring in the Neotropics. Adult moths are externally similar to those belonging to some of the other Macroheterocera families Bombycoidea and Drepanoidea, and thus have been variously treated as belonging to either one of these or other superfamilies. Distribution Mimallonids are restricted to the New World, and are distributed in North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean (Cuba and The Bahamas). The vast majority of genera and species are found in the tropical regions of the New World, with only five described species from the United States. Biology Not much has been published on the natural history of adult Mimallonidae, though most species are thought to be nocturnal. At least three species have diurnal males. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macroheterocera
The Macroheterocera are a well supported clade of moths that are closely related to butterflies and macro-moths. Taxonomy The Macroheterocera includes the following superfamilies: * Mimallonoidea – sack bearers (variously included in basal position or excluded) * Drepanoidea – drepanids * Noctuoidea – owlet moths * Geometroidea The Geometroidea are the superfamily of geometrid moths in the order Lepidoptera. It includes the families Geometridae, Uraniidae, Epicopeiidae, Sematuridae Sematuridae is a Family (biology), family of moths in the lepidopteran Order (bio ... – inchworms * Lasiocampoidea – lappet moths * Bombycoidea – bombycoid moths The macroheteroceran superfamilies were previously place in the Macrolepidoptera, but recent molecular studies have failed to recover the Macrolepidoptera as a monophyletic group. The latter grouping also included butterflies ( Papilionoidea) and Old World butterfly-moths ( Calliduloidea). References Moth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilionoidea
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
