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Disenfranchisement After The Reconstruction Era
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era in the United States, especially in the Southern United States, was based on a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote and voting. These measures were enacted by the former Confederate states at the turn of the 20th century. Efforts were also made in Maryland, Kentucky, and Oklahoma. Their actions were designed to thwart the objective of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from depriving voters of their voting rights based on race. The laws were frequently written in ways to be ostensibly non-racial on paper (and thus not violate the Fifteenth Amendment), but were implemented in ways that selectively suppressed black voters apart from other voters. In the 1870s, white racists had used violence by domestic terrorism groups (such as the Ku Klux Klan), as well as fraud, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jury Duty
Jury duty or jury service is a Civil service, service as a juror in a legal proceeding. Different countries have different approaches to juries: variations include the kinds of cases tried before a jury, how many jurors hear a trial, and whether the lay person is involved in a single trial or holds a paid job similar to a judge, but without Legal education, legal training. Juror selection process In the English law, English model, potential jurors are generally summoned for duty, and then interviewed for their suitability to serve on the jury for a particular trial. The prosecutor and Defense (legal), defense can dismiss potential jurors for various reasons, which can vary from one state to another, and they can have a specific number of arbitrary dismissals, or unconditional peremptory challenge, which does not require specific reasons. The judge can also dismiss potential jurors. Some courts had been sympathetic to jurors' privacy concerns and refer to jurors by number, and co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Americans
African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. African Americans constitute the second largest ethno-racial group in the U.S. after White Americans. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States. In 2023, an estimated 48.3 million people self-identified as Black, making up 14.4% of the country’s population. This marks a 33% increase since 2000, when there were 36.2 million Black people living in the U.S. African-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Western Hemisphere. They were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. A few were able to achieve freedom th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and business failures around the world. The economic contagion began in 1929 in the United States, the largest economy in the world, with the devastating Wall Street stock market crash of October 1929 often considered the beginning of the Depression. Among the countries with the most unemployed were the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Weimar Republic, Germany. The Depression was preceded by a period of industrial growth and social development known as the "Roaring Twenties". Much of the profit generated by the boom was invested in speculation, such as on the stock market, contributing to growing Wealth inequality in the United States, wealth inequality. Banks were subject to laissez-faire, minimal regulation, resulting in loose lending and wides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arkansas's Congressional Districts
The U.S. state of Arkansas currently has four United States congressional districts. The state has had as many as seven districts; the 5th district existed from 1883 through 1963. The 6th existed from 1893 to 1963. The 7th existed from 1903 to 1953. No Democrat has won a House seat in the state since 2012. Current districts and representatives List of members of the United States House delegation from Arkansas, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 4 members, all Republican Party (United States), Republicans. Historical Results File:2002-2008 Arkansas United States House of Representatives election by Congressional District.png, 2002 File:2002-2008 Arkansas United States House of Representatives election by Congressional District.png, 2004 File:2002-2008 Arkansas United States House of Representatives election by Congressional District.png, 2006 File:2002-2008 Arkansas United States Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alabama's Congressional Districts
The U.S. state of Alabama is currently divided into seven congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. Since the 1973 redistricting in the United States, redistricting following the 1970 United States census, 1970 U.S. census, Alabama has had seven congressional districts. This is three fewer districts than the historic high of ten congressional districts just prior to the 1930 United States census, 1930 census. In the case of ''Allen v. Milligan'', 599 U.S. 1 (2023), the Supreme Court of the United States held that the state's current map violates section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 () and needs to be redrawn with an additional black-majority district. The Alabama Legislature approved another map which also violated the law, but a federal court selected a new map on appeal. Current districts and representatives The delegation has seven members: 5 Republican Party (United States), Republicans and 2 Democratic Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Carolina's Congressional Districts
There are currently seven United States congressional districts in South Carolina. There have been as few as four and as many as nine congressional districts in South Carolina. The and the were lost after the 1840 United States census, 1840 census. The and the were also briefly lost after the Civil War, but both had been regained by the 1880 United States census, 1880 census. Because of the state population growth in the 2010 United States census, 2010 census, South Carolina regained its 7th district, which had remained unused since the American Civil War, Civil War. On January 6, 2023, a three-judge panel from the U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina ruled that the current South Carolina's 1st congressional district, 1st district lines were unconstitutional due to Gerrymandering, racial gerrymandering and would have to be redrawn April of that year. The case, ''Alexander v. South Carolina State Conference of the NAACP'', was argued on October 11, 2023, in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1950 United States Census
The 1950 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 151,325,798, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 131,669,275 persons enumerated during the 1940 census. This was the first census in which: * More than one state recorded a population of over 10 million * Every state and territory recorded a population of over 100,000 * All 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 100,000 On April 1, 2022, the National Archives and Records Administration released scanned census enumeration sheets to the general public, in accordance with the 72 year rule. It is most recent census to have full public availability. Census questions The 1950 census collected the following information from all respondents: * address * whether house is on a farm * name * relationship to head of household * race * sex * age * marital status * birthplace * if foreign born, whether naturalized * employment status * hours worked in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 United States Census
The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census. It was the first time the effects of suburban sprawl were recorded when, during the Roaring Twenties, a significant portion of the working population of New York City moved to New Jersey, aided by the George Washington Bridge which permitted quick transport from the state to Manhattan. Census questions The 1930 census collected the following information: * address * name * relationship to head of family * home owned or rented ** if owned, value of home ** if rented, monthly rent * whether owned a radio set * whether on a farm * sex * race * age * marital status and, if married, age at first marriage * school attendance * literacy * birthplace of person, and their parents * if foreign born: ** language spoken at home b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mississippi's Congressional Districts
Mississippi is currently divided into four congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the number of Mississippi's seats remained unchanged. Current districts and representatives List of members of the United States House delegation from Mississippi, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of four members, including three Republican Party (United States), Republicans and one Democratic Party (United States), Democrat. Apportionment history From 1789 to 1817, the Mississippi Territory was represented in United States Congress, Congress by a Delegate (United States Congress), non-voting delegate. Since becoming a state on December 10, 1817, Mississippi has sent between one and eight representatives to Congress. #Mississippi was granted statehood on December 10, 1817. Historical and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
