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Direct Metal Mastering
Direct metal mastering (DMM) is an analog audio disc mastering technique jointly developed by two German companies, Telefunken-Decca ( Teldec) and Georg Neumann GmbH, toward the end of the 20th century after having seen the same technology used by RCA Princeton Labs for its SelectaVision videodiscs in the late 1970s. Records manufactured with this technology are often marked by a "DMM" logo on the outer record sleeve. Many current production high quality pressings, as well as standard production LPs from the 1990s, only indicate its use by inscribing "DMM" in the lead-out groove area of the disc. Neumann was responsible for manufacturing the actual DMM cutting equipment as part of its VMS80 series lathes. Overview The advantages of DMM (hard surface material) over acetate lacquer cutting (soft surface material) are both sonic and practical: because of the rigidity of the master disc medium, no groove wall bounce-back effects take place after the cutting has been complet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neumann TELDEC-DMM Kupferfolien-Schneidemaschine
Neumann () is a German surname, with its origins in the pre-7th-century (Old English) word '' neowe'' meaning "new", with ''mann'', meaning man. The English form of the name is Newman. Von Neumann is a variant of the name, and alternative spellings include Neuman, Naumann(s), Nauman, Neiman, and Nyeman. Its first recorded uses were Godwin Nieweman in Oxfordshire, England, in 1169, and in Germany, Herman Nyeman of Barth in 1325. It was mostly likely originally used as a nickname for a recent arrival or settler. Its early use in Germany was mainly in West Prussia and Pomerelia. It was also used by the Anglo-Saxons and in France (as Neuman). In Middle High German the word for "new" was '' niuwe'', and in modern German '' neu''. it is the 18th most common surname in Germany. Notable people with the surname are listed below. People A–G *Adam Neumann (born 1979), Israeli-born entrepreneur and founder of WeWork *Alfred Neumann (writer), German writer *Alfred Neumann (East G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audio Signal
An audio signal is a representation of sound, typically using either a changing level of electrical voltage for analog signals or a series of binary numbers for Digital signal (signal processing), digital signals. Audio signals have frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz, which corresponds to the lower and upper Human hearing range, limits of human hearing. Audio signals may be Synthesizer, synthesized directly, or may originate at a transducer such as a microphone, Pickup (music technology), musical instrument pickup, phonograph cartridge, or tape head. Loudspeakers or headphones convert an electrical audio signal back into sound. Digital audio systems represent audio signals in a variety of digital formats.Hodgson, Jay (2010). ''Understanding Records'', p.1. . An audio channel or audio track is an audio signal communications channel in a data storage device, storage device or mixing console. It is used in operations such as multi-track recordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John M
John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second Epistle of John, often shortened to 2 John * Third Epistle of John, often shortened to 3 John People * John the Baptist (died ), regarded as a prophet and the forerunner of Jesus Christ * John the Apostle (died ), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ * John the Evangelist, assigned author of the Fourth Gospel, once identified with the Apostle * John of Patmos, also known as John the Divine or John the Revelator, the author of the Book of Revelation, once identified with the Apostle * John the Presbyter, a figure either identified with or distinguished from the Apostle, the Evangelist and John of Patmos Other people with the given name Religious figures * John, father of Andrew the Apostle and Saint Peter * Pope John ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UC Compander
The UC compander system (with "UC" derived from Universal Compatible or Universal Compander) is a noise reduction system for vinyl records, aiming at highest playback compatibility even without corresponding UC expander. Overview The UC compander system was developed in the 1980s by (ZWT) of (RFT) in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The system was based on the observation that the dynamic range of typical audio source material almost always needs to be reduced in the vinyl mastering process and that very similar system parameters are commonly applied in the process either by the sound engineer or through the hardware. The idea was to develop a compander system loosely emulating this process and to formally standardize on its characteristics. By emulating the typical characteristics of this compression, UC compressed records would not produce acoustical artifacts which would not have been present in similar form on the produced disk anyway, and that thereby they would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electroplating
Electroplating, also known as electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition, is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the redox, reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct current, direct electric current. The part to be coated acts as the cathode (negative electrode) of an electrolytic cell; the electrolyte is a solution (chemistry), solution of a salt (chemistry), salt whose cation is the metal to be coated, and the anode (positive electrode) is usually either a block of that metal, or of some inert electrical conductor, conductive material. The current is provided by an external power supply. Electroplating is widely used in industry and decorative arts to improve the surface qualities of objects—such as resistance to abrasion (mechanical), abrasion and corrosion, lubrication, lubricity, reflectivity, electrical conductivity, or appearance. It is used to build up thickness on undersized or worn-out parts and to manufacture metal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noise (audio)
Noise is sound, chiefly unwanted, unintentional, or harmful sound considered unpleasant, loud, or disruptive to mental or hearing faculties. From a physics standpoint, there is no distinction between noise and desired sound, as both are vibrations through a medium, such as air or water. The difference arises when the brain receives and perceives a sound. Acoustic noise is any sound in the acoustic domain, either deliberate (e.g., music or speech) or unintended. In contrast, noise in electronics may not be audible to the human ear and may require instruments for detection. In audio engineering, noise can refer to the unwanted residual electronic noise signal that gives rise to acoustic noise heard as a hiss. This signal noise is commonly measured using A-weighting or ITU-R 468 weighting. In experimental sciences, noise can refer to any random fluctuations of data that hinders perception of a signal. Measurement Sound is measured based on the amplitude and frequency of a sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noise Reduction
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort the signal to some degree. Noise rejection is the ability of a circuit to isolate an undesired signal component from the desired signal component, as with common-mode rejection ratio. All signal processing devices, both analog and digital, have traits that make them susceptible to noise. Noise can be random with an even frequency distribution ( white noise), or frequency-dependent noise introduced by a device's mechanism or signal processing algorithms. In electronic systems, a major type of noise is ''hiss'' created by random electron motion due to thermal agitation. These agitated electrons rapidly add and subtract from the output signal and thus create detectable noise. In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible and audible) is introduced due to the grain structure of the medium. In pho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pre-echo
In audio signal processing, pre-echo, sometimes called a '' forward echo'' (not to be confused with reverse echo), is a digital audio compression artifact where a sound is heard before it occurs (hence the name). It is most noticeable in impulsive sounds from percussion instruments such as castanets or cymbals. It occurs in transform-based audio compression algorithms typically based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) such as MP3, MPEG-4 AAC, and Vorbis, and is due to quantization noise being spread over the entire transform window of the codec. Cause The psychoacoustic component of the effect is that one hears only the echo preceding the transient, not the one following because this latter is drowned out by the transient. Formally, forward temporal masking is much stronger than backwards temporal masking, hence one hears a pre-echo, but no post-echo. Mitigation In an effort to avoid pre-echo artifacts, many sound processing systems use filters where all of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styli
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille. Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily. The word ''stylus'' is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens. Etymology ''Stylus'' comes from the Latin —the spelling ''stylus'' arose from an erroneous connection with Greek (), 'pillar'.''Oxford Latin Dictionary'', s.v. "stilus" (2012). The Latin word had several meanings, including "a long, sharply pointed piece of metal; the stem of a plant; a pointed instrument for incising letters; the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diamond
Diamond is a Allotropes of carbon, solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the Chemical stability, chemically stable form of carbon at Standard temperature and pressure, room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest Scratch hardness, hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it (two exceptions are boron and nitrogen). Small numbers of lattice defect, defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) can color ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Frequency
High frequency (HF) is the ITU designation for the band of radio waves with frequency between 3 and 30 megahertz (MHz). It is also known as the decameter band or decameter wave as its wavelengths range from one to ten decameters (ten to one hundred meters). Frequencies immediately below HF are denoted '' medium frequency'' (MF), while the next band of higher frequencies is known as the '' very high frequency'' (VHF) band. The HF band is a major part of the shortwave band of frequencies, so communication at these frequencies is often called ''shortwave radio''. Because radio waves in this band can be reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere layer in the atmosphere – a method known as "skip" or "skywave" propagation – these frequencies can be used for long-distance communication across intercontinental distances and for mountainous terrains which prevent line-of-sight communications. The band is used by international shortwave broadcasting stations (3.95–25.8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in nature in a directly usable, unalloyed metallic form. This means that copper is a native metal. This led to very early human use in several regions, from . Thousands of years later, it was the first metal to be smelted from sulfide ores, ; the first metal to be cast into a shape in a mold, ; and the first metal to be purposely alloyed with another metal, tin, to create bronze, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
