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Dionisius
Dionisius (; – 1503/1508) was a Russian icon painter who was one of the most important representatives of the Moscow school of icon painting at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. He continued the traditions of Andrei Rublev. Dionisius also ran a successful network of workshops. Career Dionisius's first recorded works are the frescos in the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the Pafnutyev-Borovsky Monastery (1466–1467). His first important commission was a series of icons for the Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin, executed in 1481. The figures on his icons are famously elongated, the hands and feet are diminutive, and the faces serene and peaceful. Some fragments of his original works have survived to this day, for instance the Adoration of the Magi, but most have been painted over. The ''Deesis'' tier that has survived is partly attributed to him, as well as the icons of the Russian Orthodox metropolitans Peter and Aleksey. Dionisiu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Icon
An icon () is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholic Church, Catholic, and Lutheranism, Lutheran churches. The most common subjects include Jesus, Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary, saints, and angels. Although especially associated with portrait-style images concentrating on one or two main figures, the term also covers most of the religious images in a variety of artistic media produced by Eastern Christianity, including narrative scenes, usually from the Bible or the lives of saints. Icons are most commonly painted on wood panels with egg tempera, but they may also be cast in metal or carved in stone or embroidered on cloth or done in mosaic or fresco work or printed on paper or metal, etc. Comparable images from Western Christianity may be classified as "icons", although "iconic" may also be used to describe the static style of a devotional image. In the Greek language, the term for icon painting uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexius, Metropolitan Of Kiev
Alexius (, ''Aleksii''; before 1296–1378) was Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' from 1354. He presided over the Muscovite government during Dmitrii Donskoi's minority. Biography Alexius, whose name at birth was Eleutherius, was a son of Феодор ( Theodore) Biakont and Mary, his father was a boyar from Chernigov who settled in Moscow and founded the Pleshcheev boyar family. He took monastic vows at the Epiphany Monastery of Moscow around 1313, at which time he was given the religious name of Alexius. In 1333 or so, he joined the household of Metropolitan Theognostus. In 1340, Alexius was appointed the metropolitan's deputy in Vladimir and twelve years later was consecrated as Bishop of Vladimir. By the will of Symeon the Proud, Alexius was appointed adviser to his brothers – Ivan and Andrew. After visiting Constantinople, he was chosen to become the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' in 1354. When Dmitry Donskoy and Vladimir the Bold were young, Alexius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (, ; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast. Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna. Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources. History The area of Vologda Oblast was settled by Finnic peoples in prehistory, and most of the Toponymy, toponyms in the region are in fact Finnic. Vepsians, who still live in the west of the oblast, are the descendants of that population. Subsequently, the area was colonized by the Russians. Belozersk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferapontov Monastery
The Ferapontov Monastery is a monastery of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ferapontovo, Kirillovsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The monastery was founded by Saint Ferapont in 1398. The In 2000, the monastery was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. History The monastery was founded by Saint Ferapont in 1398 in the Russian North, to the east from the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, named after his fellow monk, Saint Cyril of Beloozero. The fame of the monastery started to spread under Kirill's disciple, Saint Martinian, who was to become a father superior of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1447. Even after Martinian's death, his monastery was protected and favoured by members of Ivan III's family. The most ancient structure, the Cathedral of Nativity of the Virgin (1490), was built in brick by the masters of Rostov. This edifice is the best preserved of three sister cathedrals erected in the 1490s in the Russian North. All the interior walls are covered with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Of Moscow
Peter of Moscow (, Peter of Kiev, Peter of Rata, , ; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was an Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox metropolitan bishop, bishop of Kiev, who moved his Episcopal see, see from Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'" until the autocephaly, autocephalous election of Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow, Jonah in 1448.Petro of Kyiv, Metropolitan Encyclopedia of Ukraine Life Peter was born in Volhynia (part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia). His parents were Theodore and Eupraxia. At the age of twelve, you ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery
Pavlo-Obnorsky Monastery () is a Russian Orthodox monastery founded by Pavel of Obnora in 1414. The monastery is located in the ''Village#Slavic countries, selo'' of Yunosheskoye on the bank of the Nurma River, a tributary of the Obnora River, in Gryazovetsky District in the southern part of Vologda Oblast, Russia. In the 17th century, this was one of the most influential monasteries in Russia. The monastery was abolished in 1924 and reestablished in 1994. As of 2011, it was one of the four acting monasteries in Vologda Oblast. History The monastery was founded by Pavel of Obnora. Pavel was looking for a remote place, and the area in the 15th century was covered by dense forests. The rules of the monastery, established by Pavel, were very strict by Russian standards. The first hegumen of the monastery was Alexios, a disciple of Pavel, and Pavel himself never took any formal role in the monastery. Some of the icons by Dionisius, one of the most famous Russian icon painters, were made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery
Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery (Иосифо-Волоколамский монастырь, Волоцкий Успенский Иосифов монастырь in Russian language, Russian) is a monastery for men, located 17 km northeast of Volokolamsk, Moscow Oblast. In the 15th and 16th centuries, it rivaled Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra, the Trinity as the most authoritative and wealthy monastery in Russia. It was frequently referred to as lavra, although there was no official corroboration of that status. Early history Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery was founded in 1479 by Joseph Volotsky. Originally under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Novgorod, following a dispute with the local prince, Fedor Borisovich of Volokolamsk, Joseph appealed to grand Prince Vasilii III and the metropolitan to take the monastery under direct control. This led to a dispute between Joseph, the grand prince, and the metropolitan on the one hand, and Archbishop Serapion I of Novgorod (r. 1506–1509 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascension Convent
Ascension Convent, known as the Starodevichy Convent or Old Maidens' Convent until 1817 (), was a Russian Orthodox nunnery in the Moscow Kremlin which contained the burials of grand princesses, tsarinas, and other noble ladies from the Muscovite royal court. It was destroyed in 1929 on the orders of Joseph Stalin. History It is believed that Ascension Convent was founded in 1389 next to the Saviour Gates of the Kremlin by Dmitry Donskoy's widow, Eudoxia Dmitriyevna, who would take the veil there. The foundation stone for the cathedral was laid in 1407, just before her death. Eight years later, the cathedral was gutted by fire and then rebuilt in 1467 by princess Maria of Borovsk, wife of Vasili II of Russia. Sixteen years later the convent was again damaged by fire and then restored in 1518–1519 to a design by Aloisio the New. This church was completely rebuilt in 1587–1588, when a new five-domed structure, mirroring the nearby Archangel Cathedral, was erected. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresco
Fresco ( or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word ''fresco'' () is derived from the Italian adjective ''fresco'' meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. The word ''fresco'' is commonly and inaccurately used in English to refer to any wall painting regardless of the plaster technology or binding medium. This, in part, contributes to a misconception that the most geographically and temporally common wall painting technology was the painting into wet lime plaster. Even in apparently '' buon fresco'' technology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow School
The Moscow school () is the name applied to a Russian architectural and painting school in the 14th to 16th centuries. It developed during the strengthening of the Moscow principality. The buildings of Vladimir provided the basis of the Moscow architectural school, which preserved elements of the synthesis of the Byzantine and Romanesque styles. Architecture Early architecture In Vladimir and other older cities like Rostov and Suzdal, restoration efforts took place during the 13th century, rather than new architectural development. Vladimir never regained its former glory and only retained its formal status as the capital of the grand principality. By the end of the 13th century, there was a resurgence in the building of new churches in areas where political consolidation was taking place. The princes of Moscow and Tver fought for supremacy, which continued into the early 14th century. Tver was in the ascendant at first, with masonry building being revived in Tver nearly half a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heresy Of The Judaizers
The Heresy of the Judaizers () was a religious movement that emerged in Novgorod and later Moscow in the second half of the 15th century which marked the beginning of a new era of schism in Russia. Initially popular among high-ranking statesmen and even the royal court, the movement was persecuted by the hegumen Joseph Volotsky and the archbishop Gennady of Novgorod. Several councils of the Russian Orthodox Church later condemned the Judaizers as heretics. Some scholars see them as a Russian variant of the pre-Reformation era. Any filiation with the '' strigolniki'', who appeared in the 14th century, remains conjectural, but highlights the religious situation in Novgorod at the time. Terminology and beliefs The term ''zhidovstvuyushchiye'' (), as it is known in the sources, is derived from the Russian word жид (''zhid'', from Judea, an older Russian term for Jew which is now considered pejorative). ''Zhidovstvuyuschiye'' may be loosely translated as "those who follow Jewish tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-possessors
The non-possessors () belonged to a movement in the Russian Orthodox Church in the early 16th century that opposed ecclesiastical land-ownership. It was led by Nilus of Sora (1433–1508) and later Maximus the Greek () and others. They were opposed to the possessors (''styazhateli'') led by Joseph of Volokolamsk (1439/1440–1515), whose followers were known as the Josephites and believed that monastic possessions helped monks. The non-possessors were finally defeated at the Stoglav Synod in 1551. Both Nilus and Joseph were canonized. The non-possessors are similar to other movements in Christianity, the Fraticelli, Spiritual Franciscans for example, in that they believed that ownership of land and the Church's possession of wealth in general had corrupted the church. The non-possessors also believed that the Church should not forcibly convert or persecute heretics or pagans, but should patiently work to convert them to the true faith. History Following the Sobor of 1503, the ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
