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Diana Beauclerk, Duchess Of St Albans
Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans (born Lady Diana de Vere; – 15 January 1742) was a British courtier. She was Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Princess of Wales from 1714 to 1717. She was also one of the Hampton Court Beauties of Mary II. Life Diana was the eldest daughter of Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford, and his second wife Diana Kirke. She also had two sisters, Mary and Henrietta and through her father's relationship with Hester Davenport she also had an illegitimate half-brother named Aubrey de Vere. Since her father was a Gentleman of the Bedchamber and later a Privy Councillor, the family lived at Whitehall. Diana's mother, the countess of Oxford had a reputation for taking lovers and was said to have been intimately involved with Prince Rupert and the 1st Earl of St Albans Marriage On 17 April 1694 she married Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, an illegitimate son of King Charles II and his mistress Nell Gwyn, whereupon Diana became Du ...
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Her Grace
His Grace and Her Grace are English Style (manner of address), styles of address used with high-ranking personages, and was the style for English monarchs until Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547), and for Scottish monarchs until the Act of Union (1707), Act of Union of 1707, which Union of the Crowns, united the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. In Great Britain and Ireland, it is also the style of address for archbishops, dukes, and duchesses; e.g. His Grace the Duke of Norfolk and His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. The correct style is “Your Grace” in spoken and written form; as a stylistic descriptor for Dukes in the United Kingdom, British dukes, it is an abbreviation of the full, formal style: “The Most High, Noble and Potent Prince His Grace”. However, a Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom, royal duke, such as Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is addressed as Your Royal Highness. Ecclesiastical usage Christianity The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" ...
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Prince Rupert Of The Rhine
Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, (17 December 1619 ( O.S.) 7 December 1619 (N.S.)– 29 November 1682 (O.S.) December 1682 (N.S) was an English-German army officer, admiral, scientist, and colonial governor. He first rose to prominence as a Royalist cavalry commander during the English Civil War. Rupert was the third son of the German Prince Frederick V of the Palatinate and Elizabeth, eldest daughter of King James VI and I of England and Scotland. Prince Rupert had a varied career. He was a soldier as a child, fighting alongside Dutch forces against Habsburg Spain during the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648), and against the Holy Roman Emperor in Germany during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Aged 23, he was appointed commander of the Royalist cavalry during the English Civil War, becoming the archetypal "Cavalier" of the war and ultimately the senior Royalist general. He surrendered after the fall of Bristol and was banished from England. He serv ...
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Princess Amelia Of Great Britain
Princess Amelia of Great Britain (Amelia Sophia Eleonore; 10 June 1711 (Old Style and New Style dates, New Style) – 31 October 1786) was the second daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, Queen Caroline. Born in Hanover, she moved to England when her grandfather George I of Great Britain, George I became king. Amelia lived a solitary existence and died in 1786, the last surviving child of her parents. Early life Princess Amelia was born at Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, on 30 May 1711 (Old Style and New Style dates, Old Style). At the time of her birth, her father was George II of Great Britain, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, son and heir of the George I of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. She was known to her family as Emily. Great Britain On 1 August 1714, Anne, Queen of Great Britain, Queen Anne of Kingdom ...
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Elizabeth Sackville, Duchess Of Dorset
Elizabeth Sackville, Duchess of Dorset (c. 1689 – 12 June 1768), formerly Elizabeth Colyear, was a British court official and noble, the wife of Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset. She was the daughter of Lieutenant-General Walter Colyear (who was a brother of the Earl of Portmore). In 1703, at the age of fourteen, Elizabeth came to court as a Maid of honour to Queen Anne, a position she inherited from her aunt Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester. They were married in January 1709, but the marriage was not made public until the duchess became pregnant. The couple had five children in all: * Charles, Earl of Middlesex (later 2nd Duke of Dorset; 1711–1769) * Lord John Sackville (father of the 3rd Duke) * Lord George Sackville (later Lord George Germain and 1st Viscount Sackville) * Elizabeth (died 19 June 1729), who married Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth * Caroline, who married Joseph Damer, 1st Earl of Dorchester. Between 1714 and 1737 She was a Lady of t ...
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Prince George William Of Great Britain
Prince George William of Great Britain (13 November 1717 – 17 February 1718) was a member of the British royal family, second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King George II and Queen Caroline). He died aged 3 months, 4 days. A post-mortem was conducted to prove that he died from disease and not separation from his mother. He was buried at Westminster Abbey. Biography Prince George William was born at St James's Palace in London on 13 November 1717 (2 November 1717 on the Julian calendar in use at the time). His father, The Prince of Wales, was the son of George I. His mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Twenty-six days after his birth, he was baptised at St James's Palace by Bishop of London John Robinson. His godparents were his grandfather the King, the Duke of Newcastle ( Lord Chamberlain of the King's Household) and the Duchess of St Albans ( First Lady of the Bedchamber to his mother). The ba ...
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Aurelian Townshend
Aurelian Townshend (sometimes Townsend; c. 1583 – c. 1649) was a seventeenth-century English poet and playwright. Family Aurelian Townshend was the son of John Townshend of Dereham Abbey, Norfolk. Both Aurelian and his sister, Frances, were born before 12 December 1583, at which date they are mentioned in the will of Thomas Townshend of Crimplesham, Norfolk. Aurelian was a third cousin of Sir Roger Townshend and of the historian Hayward Townshend (c. 1577 – 1603×21). Townshend's mother was named Anne, and is said to have been the daughter of Sir Richard Catlin. Career Very little is well established about Townshend's life. Robert Cecil directed Aurelian's education and sent him to Europe to study. In Venice Anthony Sherley took his money. Within three years, Townshend was back in England. He then spent a year in France as Edward Herbert's friend and aide who "spoke French, Italian and Spanish in great perfection". He was not much help when Herbert was attacked by ...
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George I Of Great Britain
George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Electorate of Hanover within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover. Born in Hanover to Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, Ernest Augustus and Sophia of Hanover, George inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. In 1682, he married his cousin Sophia Dorothea of Celle, with whom he had two children; he also had three daughters with his mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg. George and Sophia Dorothea divorced in 1694. A succession of European wars expanded George's German domains during his lifetime; he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover in 1708. As the senior Protestant descendant of his great-grandfather James VI and I, George inherited the British throne following the deaths in 1714 of ...
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Whigs (British Political Party)
The Whigs were a political party in the Parliaments of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and the 1850s, the Whigs contested power with their rivals, the Tories. The Whigs became the Liberal Party when the faction merged with the Peelites and Radicals in the 1850s. Many Whigs left the Liberal Party in 1886 over the issue of Irish Home Rule to form the Liberal Unionist Party, which merged into the Conservative Party in 1912. The Whigs began as a political faction that opposed absolute monarchy and Catholic emancipation, supporting constitutional monarchism and parliamentary government, but also Protestant supremacy. They played a central role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and were the standing enemies of the Roman Catholic Stuart kings and pretenders. The period known as the Whig Supremacy (1714–1760) was enabled by the Hanoverian succession of George I in 1714 and the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1715 ...
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Favourite
A favourite was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person. In Post-classical Europe, post-classical and Early modern Europe, early-modern Europe, among other times and places, the term was used of individuals delegated significant political power by a ruler. It was especially a phenomenon of the 16th century, 16th and 17th century, 17th centuries, when government had become too complex for many hereditary rulers with no great interest in or talent for it, and political institutions were still evolving. From 1600 to 1660 there were particular successions of all-powerful minister-favourites in much of Europe, particularly in Spain, England, France and Sweden. By the late 17th century, the royal favourite as quasi-Prime minister, Prime Minister declined; in France, the King resolved to Absolutism (European history), rule directly, while in Britain, as the power of the monarch relative to Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament declined, executive power slowly ...
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Lady-in-waiting
A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a Royal court, court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking nobility, noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman but of lower rank than the woman to whom she attended. Although she may either have received a Retainer agreement, retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she rendered, a lady-in-waiting was considered more of a personal assistant, secretary, courtier, or Lady's companion, companion to her Mistress (form of address), mistress than a domestic worker, servant. In some other parts of the world, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as ''palace woman'', was in practice a servant or a slave rather than a high-ranking woman, but still had about the same tasks, functioning as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practiced, a court lady might have been formally available to ...
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Sally Salisbury
Sarah Pridden ( 1692 – 1724), commonly known as Sally Salisbury, was a celebrated prostitute in early 18th-century London. She was the lover of many notable members of society, and socialised with many others. In 1722 she stabbed and wounded a client, the politician John Finch, who was a son of Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham and Anne Finch, Countess of Nottingham. She was found guilty of assault, but not guilty of attempted murder. Salisbury was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. She was sent to Newgate Prison to serve her sentence but died in prison after only nine months. Biography She was born around 1690–1692 and given the name Sarah Pridden. Her father was a bricklayer. At the age of nine, Salisbury was apprenticed to a seamstress in Aldgate. After losing a valuable piece of lace, Salisbury ran away and took to life on the streets of the slum district of St Giles. Here she turned to various forms of street trading. She became well known in London as "the bea ...
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Earl Of Oxford
Earl of Oxford is a dormant title in the Peerage of England, first created for Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford, Aubrey de Vere by the Empress Matilda in 1141. De Vere family, His family was to hold the title for more than five and a half centuries, until the death of the Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford, 20th Earl in 1703. The de Veres were also hereditary holders of the office of Lord Great Chamberlain, Master Chamberlain of England from 1133 until the death of the Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford, 18th Earl in 1625. Their primary seat was Hedingham Castle in Essex, but they held lands in southern England and the Midlands, particularly in eastern England. The actual earldom was called "Oxenford" until at least the end of the 17th century. Medieval sources thus refer to "my lord of Oxenford" when speaking of the earl. Earls of Oxford (1141) Soon after his father's death in 1141, Aubrey III de Vere was recruited by Empress Matilda. Aubrey's brother-in-law, Geoffrey de Ma ...
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