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Demetrius II Of Georgia
Demetrius II the Self-Sacrificer or the Devoted ( ka, დემეტრე II თავდადებული, tr) (1259–12 March 1289) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king (''mepe'') of Eastern Georgia reigning from 1270 until his execution by the Mongol Ilkhans in 1289. Early life Demetrius, born in 1259, was the second son and third child of King David VII of Georgia. His mother was David's third wife Gvantsa née Kakhaberidze. He was 2 years old when Gvantsa was put to death by the Mongols as a reaction to David's abortive rebellion against the Ilkhan hegemony. David himself died in 1270. Demetrius had an elder half-brother George, an heir apparent, who died before his father's death in 1268, and an elder half-sister Tamar, whom Demetrius subsequently married off, with great reluctance, to a son of the Mongol official Arghun-Agha. Reign He succeeded on his father's death in 1270, when he was 11 years old. He ruled under the regency of Sadun Mankaberdeli for som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Udabno Monastery
David Gareji ( ka, დავითგარეჯის სამონასტრო კომპლექსი) is a rock-hewn Georgian Orthodox monastery complex located in the Kakheti region of Eastern Georgia (country), Georgia, on the half-desert slopes of Mount Gareja on the edge of Iori Plateau, some 60–70 km southeast of Georgia's capital Tbilisi. The complex includes hundreds of cells, churches, chapels, refectories and living quarters hollowed out of the rock face. Part of the complex of David Gareji (:ka:ბერთუბნის მონასტერი, Bertubani Monastery) is located on the Azerbaijan–Georgia border and has become subject to a border dispute between the two countries. The area is also home to protected animal species and evidence of some of the oldest human habitations in the region. History The complex was founded in the 6th century by David of Gareji, one of the Thirteen Assyrian Fathers, thirteen Assyrian monks who arrived in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kakhaberidze
The House of Kakhaberidze, archaically Kakhaberisdze (pl. -''ebi'') ( ka, კახაბერი ����ე ��ბი}, literally "the sons of Kakhaber") was a noble family in medieval Georgia which held sway over the highland northwestern Georgian province of Racha from the 11th or 12th century to the 13th. The Kakhaberidze were a branch of the Liparitid-Baguashi, their dynastic name being derived from its early member Kakhaber known from a few inscriptions from Racha.Toumanoff, Cyril. "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia." ''Traditio'' 7 (1949–51): 176. History By 1184, when Queen Tamar of Georgia ascended the throne, the Kakhaberidze had been in possession of both Racha and the neighboring district of Takveri, bearing the title of "Duke of Dukes" ( eristavt-eristavi). Kakhaber (II) Kakhaberidze , together with Archbishop Anton of Kutaisi, placed the crown upon Tamar's brow at a ceremony held at the Gelati Monastery. His desce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mongol Invasions And Conquests
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the destruction under the Mongol Empire, Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. At its height, the Mongol Empire included modern-day Mongolia, China, North Korea, South Korea, Myanmar, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Siberia, Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, and most of European Russia. Overview The Mongol Empire developed in the course of the 13th century through a series of victorious campaigns throughout Eurasia. At its height, it stretched from the Pacific to Central Europe. It was later known as the largest contiguous land empire of all time. In contrast with later Thalassocracy, "empires of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Beka I Jaqeli
Beka I Jaqeli ( ka, ბექა I ჯაყელი) (c. 1240 – 1306) was a Georgian ruling prince ('' mtavari'') of Samtskhe (1285–1306). Biography His principality included Samtskhe, Adjara, Shavsheti, Klarjeti, Lazia (Chaneti), Tao, Kola, Artaani and most of Javakheti. His realm stretched from Tashiskari (modern Khashuri District) to Karnu-kalaki (now Erzurum) and the Black Sea. During his reign, Samtskhe-Saatabago existed as a politically independent entity from the Georgian Kingdom. Beka was a vassal of the Ilkhanate, paid regular tributes and participated in their campaigns. Despite being independent, Samtskhe still maintained some kind of relations with Georgia and Beka himself was given a title of Mandaturukhutsesi (the elder - ''first in rank'' - Mandator) by Georgian king. Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Volume 2, page 345-346, Tbilisi, 1977 At the time of Beka's rule, the Turks became more active the Southwest borders, from the Sultanate of Rum. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Samtskhe-Saatabago
The Samtskhe-Saatabago or Samtskhe Atabegate ( ka, სამცხე-საათაბაგო), also called the Principality of Samtskhe (სამცხის სამთავრო), was a Georgian feudal principality in Zemo Kartli, ruled by an atabeg (tutor) of Georgia for nearly three and a half centuries, between 1268 and 1625. Its territory consisted of the modern-day Samtskhe-Javakheti region and the historical region of Tao-Klarjeti. History Duchy of Samtskhe By the early 13th century, members of the House of Jaqeli were one among many powerful marcher lords, and certainly not the most significant. The title atabeg, by which the Jaqelis would later be known, was as yet reserved for the Mkhargrdzelis, the Armenian family that controlled Ani. The rise of the Jaqeli line was intimately bound up with the Mongol invasion of Georgia. In this initial phase of conquest, most of the Georgian and Armenian nobles, who held military posts along the frontier regions sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
David VI Of Georgia
David VI Narin ( ka, დავით VI ნარინი, tr) (also called ''the Clever'') (1225–1293), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was joint king of king ('' mepe'') of Georgia with his cousin David VII from to 1246 to 1256. He made secession in 1259, and from 1259 to 1293, ruled a Kingdom of Western Georgia under the name David I, while his cousin David VII continued to rule in a reduced Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329) in eastern Georgia, under Mongol control. Life The son of Queen Rusudan by her Seljuk husband, Ghias ad-din, David was crowned at Kutaisi, as joint sovereign by his mother in 1230. Fearing that her nephew David would claim the throne at her death, Rusudan held the latter prisoner at the court of her son-in-law, the Seljuk sultan Kaykhusraw II, and in 1243 sent her son David to the Mongol court of Batu Khan in Karakorum to get official recognition as heir apparent. She died in 1245, still waiting for her son to return. He was retained for three years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kingdom Of Western Georgia
The Kingdom of Western Georgia ( ka, დასავლეთ საქართველოს სამეფო, tr) was a late medieval '' de facto'' independent fragmented part of the Kingdom of Georgia that emerged during the Mongol invasions of the realm, led by King David VI Narin in 1259 and later followed by his successors. During this period, the kingdom was reduced to the eastern part of the country and placed under Mongol control. Over the decades, the monarchy would fall into chaos and transform into a federation of autonomous principalities unruly of the central or regional royal power and authority. Most of the occasions, realm would be reannexed into unified fold by the eastern Georgian kings. Nevertheless, the unified Georgian realm would ''de jure'' collapse in 1490, and western Georgia would secure an independent future under the name of Kingdom of Imereti, that will exist til 1810. Name of the realm The question of the contemporaneous name of the realm be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Khutlubuga
Khutlubuga (), also Khutlu Buga or Qutlugh Buqa ( ka, ხუტლუბუღა; died August, 1293), was an Armenian prince of the House of the Artsrunids, and a court official of the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia in the second half of the 13th century, the son of ''Atabeg''-''Amirspasalar'' Sadun Mankaberdeli. He himself became ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army, and for a short time towards the end of his life ''Atabeg'' (Governor General of Georgia). He also received the title of ''Paron'' (derived from the Crusader title "Baron") from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Khutlubuga and his father Sadun were attached the name of ''Artsruni'' in Armenian texts (after the name of their dynasty), and ''Mankaberdeli'' in Georgian ones (after the name of their territory). After the Mongol ruler Arghun executed the Georgian king Demetrius II, Khutlubuga collaborated with Arghun for the selection of the next king Vakhtang II. Biography Through a designation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Amirspasalar
''Amirspasalar'' or ''amirspasalari'' ( ka, ამირსპასალარი, from , ) was the commander-in-chief of the medieval Georgian army and one of the highest officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, commonly rendered as "Lord High Constable" (and sometimes also as ''generalissimo'') in English. It is composed of ''amir'', an Arabic term meaning 'commander', 'governor', or 'prince'; and '' sipahsalar'', from the Persian for 'army commander'.Robert Bedrosian, "Amirspasalar", in: Joseph Reese Strayer (1983), ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', p. 235. Scribner, . The ''amirspasalar'' was a wartime supreme commander-in-chief of the royal armies, and the bearer of the state flag. Under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213), it was the third great office of the Georgian state, after King and '' atabek''. '' The Institution of the Royal Court'', most probably codified during the second reign of George V (1314–1346) defines the office as "an honorary vizier and the head of army". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armenia, Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as Principality of Samtskhe, princes of Samtskhe. Title origins and meanings The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of the Turkic languages, Turkic word ''ata'', "ancestor", or "father" and the word ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince". ''Beg'' is stated in some sources as being of Iranian origin (as in the compound Baghdad from ''bag/beg'' and ''dad'', "lord" given). However, according to Gerhard Doerfer, the word ''beg'' may have possibly been of Turkic origin – the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sadun Mankaberdeli
Sadun Artsruni, also Sadun of Mankaberd ( ka, სადუნ მანკაბერდელი; ) of the House of the Artsrunids, was an Armenian prince, Prince of Haghbat and Mankaberd. He was a court official and became ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief of the army) of the Kingdom of Eastern Georgia, and later chamberlain of Avag's daughter Khoshak. He was concurrently "Prime Minister" of the Mongol Il-Khan Abaqa. Biography Sadun was a great-grandson of Amir K'urd ( Abulasan), governor of Tbilisi during Queen Tamar's reign in Georgia. In 1258, Sadun won a wrestling match in front of the Mongol ruler Hulegu Khan, who gave him the title of ''Tarkhan''. Sadun then accompanied Hulegu in his military campaigns in Syria in 1259, in the conquest of Sasun, and in the capture of the citadel of Aleppo. He was then awarded the district of Sasun from Hulegu. Throughout the 13th century, the high offices ''Atabeg'' (Governor General) and ''Amirsp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Arghun Aqa
Arghun Agha, also Arghun Aqa or Arghun the Elder (; ; - 1275) was a Mongol noble of the Oirat clan in the 13th century. He was a governor in the Mongol-controlled area of Persia from 1243 to 1255, before the Ilkhanate was created by Hulagu. Arghun Agha was in control of the four districts of eastern and central Persia, as decreed by the great khan Möngke Khan. Early life According to Rashid al-Din, when he was young, his father sold his son Arghun to Qadan of the Jalayir, tutor of Ögedei who passed him to his son Ilüge, while according to Juvayni his father was a mingghan commander. During his years with the Ogedeyid family, he gained reputation among the members of the ruling blood because he was well educated and versed in Old Uyghur language. Arghun started his career as ''bitikchi'' (secretary) during the reign of Ögedei. Later on, the latter's consort, Toregene Khatun, appointed him as then governor of Transoxiana - Korguz's ''basqaq'' and ultimately overall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
