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Debal
Debal (also called Daybul, Daibul or Dēwal) was a commercial town and an ancient port in Sindh, now a province of Pakistan. The exact location of the town has been difficult to determine. The proposed identifications with Karachi, Thatta, and Lahari Bandar remain unsubstantiated. The town was mostly inhabited by people of the Med tribe. During Muqaddasī's visit, the merchants spoke the Sindhi and Arabic languages. Etymology In Arabic history books, most notably in the early eighth century accounts of the arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent, it was documented as Daybul (Dīwal ~ Dībal ). One view is that the name was derived from Devalaya, meaning abode of God in Sanskrit. According to the '' Chach Nama'', the name ''Dēbal'' is derived from ''Dēwal'', meaning 'temple'. The reason, it says, is because it was the site of a renowned temple. History According to modern archaeologists, Debal was founded in the first century CE, and soon became the most important tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Conquests On The Indian Subcontinent
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries, establishing the Indo-Muslim period. Earlier Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century. Mahmud of Ghazni, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, preserved an ideological link to the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate and invaded vast parts of Punjab and Gujarat during the 11th century. After the capture of Siege of Lahore (1186), Lahore and the end of the Ghaznavids, the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor laid the foundation of Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim rule in India in 1192. In 1202, Bakhtiyar Khalji led the Muslim conquest of Bengal, marking the easternmost expansion of Islam at the time. The Ghurid Empire soon evolved into the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, ruled by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, the founder of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lahari Bandar
Lahari Bandar, also called Lahori Bandar or Lari Bandar, was a historical port city in southern Sindh. From the early 1300s until the late 1600s, it was the main port in Sindh and one of the main ports in western India. Names According to Haig (1894), ''Lāhaṟī'' was the indigenous name used within Sindh, after the Lāhaṟ tribe that lived in that part of the delta, while ''Lāhorī'' was the name used outside Sindh, after its role as the port of Lahore. He connects it to the ''Lohāwar'' that al-Biruni uses for Lahore and says that it could have been Lohāwarānī, which would have been produced Lohārānī (the form used by al-Biruni) in common speech. Meanwhile, Elliot (1867) says that the original name was ''Lárí Bandar'', after the name ''Lár'' used for the southern part of Sindh. The city was also called ''Larrybunder'' by English merchants in the early modern period. The Portuguese called it ''Diul'', after the older port city of Debal, and the English also sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sindh
Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the Demographics of Pakistan, second-largest province by population after Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab to the north. It shares an India-Pakistan border, International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert of Sindh, Thar Desert in the eastern portion of the province along the India–Pakistan border, international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sindhis
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group originating from and native to Sindh, a region of Pakistan, who share a common Sindhi culture, history, ancestry, and language. The historical homeland of Sindhis is bordered by southeastern Balochistan; the Bahawalpur region of Punjab; the Marwar region of Rajasthan; and the Kutch region of Gujarat. Sindhis are the third-largest ethnic group in Pakistan, after the Punjabis and Pashtuns, forming a majority in Sindh with historical communities also found in neighbouring Balochistan. They form a significant diasporic population in India, mostly partition-era migrants and their descendants. Sindhi diaspora is also present in other parts of South Asia; as well as in the Gulf states, the Western world and the Far East. Sindhis are a diverse group in terms of religious affiliations and practices. Approximately 94% are adherents of Islam, primarily the Sunni denomination with a significant population also following the Shia denomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Of Karachi
The Port of Karachi (, ''Bandar gāh Karāchī'') is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum) located in Karachi, Pakistan. It is located on the Karachi Harbour, between Kiamari Azra Langri, Manora, and Kakapir, and close to Karachi's main business district and several industrial areas. The geographic position of the port places it in close proximity to major shipping routes such as the Strait of Hormuz. It is also ideally located to offer gateway services to the maritime trade for the Central Asian Republics (CARs). The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust, which was established in 1857. History The history of the port is intertwined with that of the city of Karachi. Several ancient ports have been attributed in the area including "Krokola", "Morontobara" (Woman's Harbour) (mentioned by Nearchus), Barbarikon (the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, and D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seydi Ali Reis
Seydi Ali Reis (1498–1563), formerly also written Sidi Ali Reis and Sidi Ali Ben Hossein, was an Ottoman admiral and navigator. Known also as Katib-i Rumi, Galatalı or Sidi Ali Çelebi,Danışan, Gaye. 2019. “A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Compendium of Astronomical Instruments: Seydi Ali’s Mirʾat-ı Kâinat.” In ''Scientific Instruments between East and West'', edited by Neil Brown ''et al.'', 1–15. Leiden: Brill. he commanded the left wing of the Ottoman fleet at the naval Battle of Preveza in 1538. He was later promoted to the rank of fleet admiral of the Ottoman fleet in the Indian Ocean, and as such, encountered the Portuguese forces based in the Indian city of Goa on several occasions in 1554. Seydi was able to unite several Muslim countries on the coast of the Arabian Sea (such as the Makran Sultanate, Gujarat Sultanate, Sindh Sultanate and Adal Sultanate) against the Portuguese. He is famous today for his books of travel such as the '' Mir'ât ül ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernão Mendes Pinto
Fernão Mendes Pinto (; 1509 – 8 July 1583) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese explorer and writer. His voyages are recorded in ''Pilgrimage'' (), his autobiographical memoir, which was published posthumously in 1614. The historical accuracy of the work is debatable due to the many events that seem far-fetched or at least exaggerated, earning him the nickname (wordplay with the Portuguese verb , 'to lie', meaning "Fernão, are you lying? I am lying."). Still, many aspects of the work can be verified, particularly through records of Pinto's service to the Portuguese crown and by his association with Jesuit missionaries. Early life Pinto was born in about 1509, in Montemor-o-Velho, Portugal, to a poor rural family or perhaps to a family of minor nobility who had fallen on hard times. Pinto had two brothers and two sisters (and possibly other siblings). In 1551, a brother, Álvaro, was recorded in Portuguese Malacca. Letters also record that a brother died a martyr in Malac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thatta
Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's Makli Necropolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century Shah Jahan Mosque is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in the South Asia. Etymology ''Thatta'' refers to riverside settlements. Villagers in the rural areas of lower Sindh often refer to the city as ''Thatta Nagar'', or simply ''Nagar''. The name of Thatta, one of the oldest towns, was derived from the Persian term ''Tah-Tah'' which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Med People
The Med are an indigenous fishermen and historically seafaring community from the coastal areas of Makran in Balochistan, Pakistan. History Although there is some ambiguity regarding the origins of the Med community, it is certain that they are of non- Baloch extraction and pre-date Baloch migration into Makran. Meds can be possibly identified with the Ichthyophagi (lit. "fish-eaters"), who are stated by Arrian to be inhabitants of the coast of Makran in the 4th century BCE. They were mentioned in the early Muslim historiography as seafarers; some of them carried piracy as '' Bawarij'' in the Indian Ocean from their harbors in Debal, Kutch and Kathiawar, to as far as the mouth of river Tigris and Ceylon. The incident in which they captured two treasure ships coming from Ceylon to Basra became ''casus belli'' for the 7th century Umayyad invasion of Sindh. Arabs fought several wars against Meds to subdue them, including a naval expedition to Kutch in the 9th century. Meds wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karachi
Karachi is the capital city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Sindh, Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, largest city in Pakistan and 12th List of largest cities, largest in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the Geography of Pakistan, southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast and formerly served as the Federal Capital Territory (Karachi), country's capital from 1947 to 1959. Ranked as a Global city, beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (Purchasing power parity, PPP) . Karachi is a metropolitan city and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities. The region has been inhabited for millennia, but the city was formally founded as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceh
Aceh ( , ; , Jawi script, Jawoë: ; Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, Old Spelling: ''Atjeh'') is the westernmost Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is located on the northern end of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west, Strait of Malacca to the northeast, as well bordering the province of North Sumatra to the east, its sole land border, and shares maritime borders with Malaysia and Thailand to the east, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India to the north. Granted a special Autonomous administrative division, autonomous status, Aceh is a religiously Religious conservatism, conservative territory, with the majority of the population being Muslim and the only Indonesian province practicing Islamic Sharia law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the Acehnese people, accounting for approximately 70% of the region's population of about 5.55 mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis
Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis was an Ottoman admiral who is best known for commanding the Ottoman naval expedition to Sumatra in Indonesia (1568–1569). Background and family origins Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis was the son of the famous Ottoman privateer and Ottoman admiral Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis, who was known as Curtogoli in Europe, particularly in Italy, France and Spain.Bono, Salvatore: Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993. The name ''Kurtoğlu'' or ''Kurdoğlu'' means ''Son of Kurt (Wolf)'' in Turkish, a patronymic epithet of Muslihiddin, derived from the name of Muslihiddin's father, Kurt Bey, a Turkish seaman from Kayseri in Anatolia who went to northwestern Africa for privateering together with the other famous Ottoman corsairs of that period such as the Barbarossa brothers, Oruç Reis and Hızır Reis. Hızır Reis became a close friend of Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin, who named his son after him. Oruç Reis, Hızır ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
