|
Cromwell Family
The Cromwell family is an English aristocratic family. Its most famous members are: Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, and Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector. The line of Oliver Cromwell descends from Richard Williams (alias Cromwell), son of Thomas Cromwell's sister Katherine and her husband Morgan Williams. Peerages and titles: *Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon (created 1536, forfeited 1540) * Earl of Essex (created 1540, forfeited 1540) *Baron Cromwell (created 1540, extinct 1687) * Viscount Lecale (created 1624, extinct 1687) *Earl of Ardglass (created 1645, extinct 1687) * Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland **Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) ** Richard Cromwell (1658–1659) Family tree: *Walter Cromwell (died ca. 1516/1521) m. Katherine Meverill **Katherine Cromwell (died bef. 12 July 1529) m. Morgan Williams (died bef. 12 July 1529) *** Sir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell (ca. 1510 – 1544) m. Frances Murfyn (ca. 1520/1 – ca. 1543) **** Sir Henry Williams, alias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristocracy
Aristocracy (, ) is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats. The term derives from the el, αριστοκρατία (), meaning 'rule of the best'. At the time of the word's origins in ancient Greece, the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best-qualified citizens—and often contrasted it favorably with monarchy, rule by an individual. The term was first used by such ancient Greeks as Aristotle and Plato, who used it to describe a system where only the best of the citizens, chosen through a careful process of selection, would become rulers, and hereditary rule would actually have been forbidden, unless the rulers' children performed best and were better endowed with the attributes that make a person fit to rule compared with every other citizen in the polity. Hereditary rule in this understanding is more related to oligarchy, a corrupted form of aristocracy where there is rule by a few, but not by the best. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Mortimer (agriculturalist)
John Mortimer (c. 1656 – 1736) was an English merchant, and writer on agriculture, known for ''The whole Art of Husbandry, in the way of Managing and Improving of Land'' published in London in 1707. Biography John was born in 1656, the only son and heir of Mark Mortimer, grocer of London, by his wife Abigail Walmesley of Blackmore in Essex, who married 3rd October 1651 in the parish of St Anne and St Agnes, London. His father was born into a yeoman family of Bow, Devon, and had a brother Peter who also entered into a commercial profession. John Mortimer received a commercial education, and became a prosperous merchant on Tower Hill. In November 1693, at the age of about 43, he bought the estate of Topping Hall, Hatfield Peverel, Essex, which he improved; a number of cedar trees planted by him were still in there in the 19th century. Mortimer became Fellow of the Royal Society in December 1705. Mortimer was married three times. His first wife, Dorothy, born at Hursley, ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell
Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell (before 1 March 1538 – 20 November 1592), the son of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell and Elizabeth Seymour, was an English peer during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was the grandson of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, 1st earl of Essex, nephew of the Protector Somerset and first cousin of Edward VI. Family Henry Cromwell was the eldest son of Gregory Cromwell, 1st baron Cromwell, only son and heir of Thomas Cromwell, and Elizabeth, widow of Sir Anthony Ughtred (d. 1534), daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wolf Hall, Wiltshire, and Margery Wentworth. He was baptised on 1 March 1538, probably at Hampton Court, where the Lady Mary almost certainly stood as godmother. Shortly after the baptism, his parents left for Lewes in Sussex to the former Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras, recently acquired by his grandfather, where they remained from March 1538 until early 1539, when they took up residence in Leeds Castle, Kent. Henry's grand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell
Elizabeth Seymour ( – 19 March 1568) was a younger daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall, Wiltshire and Margery Wentworth. Elizabeth and her sister Jane served in the household of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII. The Seymours rose to prominence after the king's attention turned to Jane. In May 1536, Anne Boleyn was accused of treason and adultery, and subsequently executed. On 30 May 1536, eleven days after Anne's execution, Henry VIII and Jane were married. Elizabeth was not included in her sister's household during her brief reign, although she would serve two of Henry VIII's later wives, Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard. Jane died 24 October 1537, twelve days after giving birth to a healthy son, Edward VI. Elizabeth lived under four Tudor monarchs and was married three times. By July 1530 she had married Sir Anthony Ughtred, Governor of Jersey, who died in 1534. She then married Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, the son of Thomas Cromwell, chief minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, Order of the Bath, KB ( – 4 July 1551) was an English Nobility, nobleman. He was the only son of the Tudor period, Tudor statesman Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex ( – 1540) and Elizabeth Wyckes (d. 1529). Gregory's father Thomas Cromwell rose from obscurity to become the chief minister of Henry VIII, who attempted to modernize government at the expense of the privileges of the nobility and church. He used his office to promote religious reform and was one of the strongest advocates of the English Reformation. In 1537, Gregory married Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, Elizabeth, Lady Ughtred, widow of Sir Anthony Ughtred, sister to Jane Seymour and therefore became brother-in-law to Henry VIII and uncle to Edward VI of England, Edward VI. Gregory survived the dramatic fall from royal favour and subsequent execution of his father in 1540, as well as the ousting of his brother-in-law and patron, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Wyckes
Elizabeth Wyckes, (also Wykys, or Wykes) (d. 1529) was the wife of Thomas Cromwell (1485 – 28 July 1540), Earl of Essex, and chief minister to Henry VIII of England. She was daughter to Henry Wyckes, a well-to-do clothier from Chertsey, and his wife Mercy, who married Sir John Pryor after Wyckes' death. Marriages and issue Elizabeth married as her first husband Thomas Williams, a Yeoman of the Guard. There were no known children from this union. Around 1515, Elizabeth remarried, this time to Thomas Cromwell, who had recently returned to England from Antwerp. Together, Thomas and Elizabeth had three surviving children: * Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, c. 1520 – 4 July 1551 * Anne Cromwell * Grace Cromwell Little is known about Elizabeth Wyckes, or her marriage to Thomas Cromwell; she died early in his career, long before he reached his zenith. During the early years of their marriage, Thomas Cromwell had been a successful merchant and lawyer and there is evidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver St John
Sir Oliver St John (; c. 1598 – 31 December 1673) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640-53. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War. Early life St John was the son of Oliver St John of Cayshoe and his wife Sarah Bulkeley, daughter of Edward Bulkeley of Odell, Bedfordshire and sister of Peter Bulkeley. His sister, Elizabeth St John, married Reverend Samuel Whiting and emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts in 1636. He matriculated from Queens' College, Cambridge at Lent 1616, and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn on 22 April 1619. He was called to the bar in 1626. St John appears to have got into trouble with the court in connection with a seditious publication, and to have associated himself with the future popular leaders John Pym and Lord Saye. In 1638 he defended John Hampden, along with co-counsel Robert Holborne, on his refusal to pay Ship Money, on which occasion he made a notable speech which established h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Barrington
Sir Francis Barrington, 1st Baronet of Barrington Hall, Essex (ca. 15603 July 1628) was a Puritan activist and politician, who was MP for Essex from 1601 to 1604, then 1620 to 1628. One of the wealthiest members of the Essex gentry, Barrington was a strong advocate of reforming the Church of England, with family connections to many other Puritan activists. This allowed him to exercise significant influence within Parliament, where he opposed the religious and foreign policies of James and Charles I. In 1626, he was imprisoned for refusing to help collect the Forced Loan, an attempt by Charles to levy taxes without Parliament's approval that prefigured later struggles over Ship Money in the 1630s. Barrington was released due to ill health in January 1628 but died on 3 July. His opposition made him a popular hero within the Puritan community; forty years after his death in 1670, he was described as "one of the mirrors of our time". Personal details Barrington w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir John Russell, 3rd Baronet
Sir John Russell, 3rd Baronet (1632? – 1669), first a Royalist, but afterwards a colonel of foot for Parliament and distinguished himself at the Battle of Marston Moor, and in the Protectorate's wars in Ireland and Flanders. Russell was the first son of Sir Francis Russell, 2nd Baronet. He was originally a Royalist, but later a colonel of foot under the Parliamentary general the Earl of Manchester, and distinguished himself both at the Battle of Marston Moor, and in the protector's wars in Ireland and Flanders. He enjoyed the office of chamberlain of Chester during these times, and probably many others of consequence. Sir John died in 1669, and was buried in Chippenham, on 24 March of the same year.Noblp. 329/ref> Russell married Frances Cromwell, youngest daughter of the Protector Oliver Cromwell, and widow of Lord Robert Rich, predeceased son of Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick. She long survived Sir John, spending the latter part of her life with her sister Lady Fauconberg, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frances Russell, Née Cromwell
Frances Cromwell, Lady Russell (c. 6 December 1638 – 27 January 1720) was the ninth child and youngest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his wife, Elizabeth Cromwell. She was baptized at St. Mary's Church in Ely on 6 December 1638. Family and marriage After growing up in the Cromwell family home, Frances moved to both Whitehall and Hampton Court when her parents became the protector and protectress of England. Historians have linked her to several suitors, amongst them Charles II,Antonia Fraser, (1973) Cromwell our Chief of Men, p. 601 but she did not marry until 11 November 1657 when she wed Robert Rich (1634–1658), grandson of Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick (1587–1658), and only son and heir of Robert Rich, Lord Rich (1611–1659). After a difficult courtship and days of celebration the marriage was short-lived: Rich, who had been ill at the time of the marriage, died 16 February 1658 at Whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg
Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg PC (c. 1627 – 31 December 1700) was an English peer. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War, becoming close to Oliver Cromwell and marrying Cromwell's third daughter, Mary. After the Restoration of the monarchy he became a member of the Privy Council to Charles II and was elevated to an earldom by William III. Biography Belasyse was the only son of Henry Belasyse, and Grace Barton; his grandfather, Thomas Belasyse, 1st Viscount Fauconberg, was a Royalist, who went into exile after being defeated at Marston Moor in 1644. Unlike his Royalist father and grandfather, Belasyse supported Parliament in the English Civil War, and subsequently became a strong adherent of Oliver Cromwell, whose third daughter, Mary, he married in 1657. His father died in 1647 and he succeeded his grandfather to the viscounty of Fauconberg in the Bishopric of Durham in 1652. Career Belasyse again became a Royalist at the Restora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg
Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg (9 February 1637 (christened) – 14 March 1713) was an English noblewoman, the third daughter of Oliver Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth Bourchier. Biography Born in either late 1636 or early 1637, Mary Cromwell was christened on 9 February 1637. On 19 November 1657 she married Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg, at Hampton Court, and became Countess Fauconberg. Fauconberg had been previously married to Mildred Saunderson, who had died. Lady Fauconberg's residence in London was Fauconberg House which was on the north side of Sutton Street, and on the eastern side of Soho Square. It has been claimed that, when her father's body was disinterred and symbolically executed at the Restoration, Mary bribed some guards to substitute another body for Cromwell's and to give her the real body, which she arranged to have buried at Newburgh Priory, the family seat of the Fauconbergs. She died on 14 March 1713 in Sutton Manor at the age of 76, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
