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Terebellida
Terebellida make up an Order (biology), order of the Polychaete, Polychaeta class (biology), class, commonly referred to as "bristle worms". Together with the Sabellida, the Spionida and Incertae sedis, some enigmatic families of unclear Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic relationship (e.g. the Saccocirridae), they make up the Subclass (biology), subclass Canalipalpata, one of the three main clades of polychaetes. Like most polychaetes, almost all members of the ''Terebellida'' are Marine (ocean), marine organisms. Most are small, Sessility (zoology), sessile detritivores (deposit feeders) which Tube worm (body plan), live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate, or burrow in the sand. Their central nervous system displays characteristic Synapomorphy, apomorphies. Systematics There is little consensus on the number of Family (biology), families. Some treatments accept as little as five, while other authors list over a dozen. Here, the more inclusive view of the Tereb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canalipalpata
Canalipalpata, also known as bristle-footed annelids or fan-head worms, is an order of polychaete worms, with 31 families in it including the suborder Sabellida (families Serpulidae (tubeworms) and Sabellidae (fanworms and feather duster worms) and the Alvinellidae, a family of deep-sea worms associated with hydrothermal vents. The Canalipalpata have no teeth or jaws. Most are filter feeders. They have grooved palpi, which are covered in cilia. These cilia are used to transport food particles to the mouth. However, the cilia and grooves have been lost in the Siboglinidae family. Fossil record The earliest known member of the Canalipalpata is '' Terebellites franklini'', which was found in the Clouds Rapids Formation of Newfoundland, and dates from the mid Cambrian (St David's series). Use in aquaria Many species of Canalipalpata are visually attractive. Fanworms and Christmas tree worms (a type of serpulid) are recommended as species for beginners to keep in a marine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectinariidae
Pectinariidae, or the trumpet worms or ice cream cone worms, are a family of marine polychaete worms that build tubes using grains of sand roughly resembling ice cream cones or trumpets. These structures can be up to long. The earliest pectinariid fossils are known from the Cretaceous. Ecology Pectinariids are sessile burrowing tube dwellers, which can be found in fine-grained sediment. They position the wider end of their tube downwards, and use their stout golden setae In biology, setae (; seta ; ) are any of a number of different bristle- or hair-like structures on living organisms. Animal setae Protostomes Depending partly on their form and function, protostome setae may be called macrotrichia, chaetae ... for digging while they use tentacles for sorting the particles which they ingest. Half of the particles which the worm digs through are excreted as pseudofaeces. Genera The systematics of the pectinariids have been the subject of some debate. Previously, only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychaete
Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine Annelid, annelid worms, common name, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm (''Arenicola marina'') and the Alitta virens, sandworm or Alitta succinea, clam worm ''Alitta''. Polychaetes as a class are robust and widespread, with species that live in the coldest ocean temperatures of the abyssal plain, to forms which tolerate the extremely high temperatures near hydrothermal vents. Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2- to 3-cm specimen (still unclassified) observed by the robot ocean probe Nereus (underwater vehicle), ''Nereus'' at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known spot in the Earth's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctenodrilidae
Ctenodrilidae is a family of polychaetes belonging to the order Terebellida Terebellida make up an Order (biology), order of the Polychaete, Polychaeta class (biology), class, commonly referred to as "bristle worms". Together with the Sabellida, the Spionida and Incertae sedis, some enigmatic families of unclear Taxonomy .... Genera: * '' Zeppelina'' Vaillant, 1890 References Terebellida {{Annelid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampharetinae
Ampharetinae are a subfamily of terebellid "bristle worm" (class Polychaeta). They are the largest subfamily of the Ampharetidae, of which they contain the great majority of the described genera. The majority of ampharetines are marine organisms like usual for polychaetes. However, some members of this subfamily are among the rare euryhaline polychaetes, inhabiting brackish and freshwater habitat. They are generally smallish deposit feeders which frequently live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate, or burrow in the sand. Genera The World Register of Marine Species recognizes the following 47 genera: * '' Abderos'' Schüller & Jirkov, 2013 * '' Adercodon'' Mackie, 1994 * '' Alkmaria'' Horst, 1919 * '' Ampharana'' Hartman, 1967 * '' Ampharete'' Malmgren, 1866 * '' Amphicteis'' Grube, 1850 * '' Amythas'' Benham, 1921 * '' Amythasides'' Eliason, 1955 * '' Andamanella'' Holthe, 2002 * '' Anobothrus'' Levinsen, 1884 * '' Auchenoplax'' Ehlers, 1887 * '' Decemunci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampharetidae
Ampharetidae are a family of terebellid "bristle worm" (class Polychaeta). As such, they belong to the order Canalipalpata, one of the three main clades of polychaetes. They appear to be most closely related to the peculiar alvinellids (Alvinellidae) which inhabit the deep sea, and somewhat less closely to the well-known trumpet worms (Pectinariidae). These three appear to form one of the main clades of terebellids. Almost all are (like polychaetes in general) marine organisms; some inhabit brackish or freshwater though. Most are smallish deposit feeders which frequently live in small tubes they build from mud or similar substrate, or burrow in the sand. Subfamilies and genera In 2001, Rouse and Pleijel divided the Ampharetidae into three subfamilies: the large Ampharetinae, the much smaller Melinninae, and the monotypic Uschakovinae. Also, there are some ampharetid genera ''incertae sedis'' or in a quite basal position: * ''Aryandes'' * '' Pavelius'' * '' Rytocephalus'' As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alvinellidae
The Alvinellidae are a family of small, deep-sea polychaete worms endemic to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean. Belonging to the order Terebellida, the family contains two genera, '' Alvinella'' and '' Paralvinella''; the former genus contains two valid species and the latter eight. Members of the family are termed alvinellids. The family was first described in 1979 after discoveries made off the Galápagos Islands by the crew of the DSV ''Alvin''. The ship subsequently lent its name to the family and genera within it. The worms build mucus tubes and extend red feathery gills. Members of the Alvinellidae are noted for their exceptional heat tolerance: one species, ''Alvinella pompejana'', is thought to be the most heat-tolerant complex organism on Earth. Mitochondria start to break down at temperatures of , apparently providing an upper limit for eukaryotes. Under laboratory conditions, in a pressurized aquarium with a heat gradient, worms of the species ''Paralvinella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirratulidae
Cirratulidae is a family of marine polychaete worms. Members of the family are found worldwide, mostly living in mud or rock crevices. Most are deposit feeders, but some graze on algae or are suspension feeders. Although subject to multiple revisions over time, cirratulids are among the few polychaete clades with a verified fossil record. Description Cirratulids vary in size from one to twenty centimetres long. They are mostly burrowers in soft sediments but some live in rock crevices. The head is conical or wedge-shaped and has no antennae. The body is generally cylindrical, tapering at both ends. Cirratulids are characterised by a large number of simple elongate filaments along the body. Some of these occur as an anterior cluster of tentacles, grooved for deposit-feeding, but the majority, the branchiae, are found one pair per segment, and do not have grooves. The chaetae (bristles) are simple capillaries, usually with hooks, and emerge directly from the body wall. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirriformia Capensis
''Cirriformia capensis'', commonly known as the orange thread-gilled worm, is a species of marine polychaete worm in the family Cirratulidae Cirratulidae is a family of marine polychaete worms. Members of the family are found worldwide, mostly living in mud or rock crevices. Most are deposit feeders, but some graze on algae or are suspension feeders. Although subject to multiple re .... Description Orange thread-gilled worms grow to up to 10 cm in total length. They are soft bodied worms which lie buried in sand or mud or between mussels. Only the long tangled orange gills and soft food gathering tentacles are visible.Branch, G.M., Branch, M.L, Griffiths, C.L. and Beckley, L.E. 2010. ''Two Oceans: a guide to the marine life of southern Africa'' Distribution These animals are found off the southern African coast from Angola to Durban in South Africa and are found subtidally to 20m underwater. Synonyms The following species are synonyms of ''Cirriformia capensis'': *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detritivore
Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces). There are many kinds of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants that eat detritus or carry out coprophagy. By doing so, all these detritivores contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles. Detritivores should be distinguished from other decomposers, such as many species of bacteria, fungi and protists, which are unable to ingest discrete lumps of matter. Instead, these other decomposers live by absorbing and metabolizing on a molecular scale (saprotrophic nutrition). The terms ''detritivore'' and ''decomposer'' are often used interchangeably, but they describe different organisms. Detritivores are usually arthropods and help in the process of remineralization. Detritivores perform the first stage of remineralization, by fragmenting the dead plant matter, allowing decomp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flabelligeridae
Flabelligeridae is a family of polychaete worms, known as bristle-cage worms, notable for their cephalic cage: long slender chaetae forming a fan-like arrangement surrounding the eversible (able to be turned inside-out) head. Unlike many polychaetes, they also have large, pigmented, complex eyes. Habitat These worms live under stones and are known to burrow into sand. They have a cosmopolitan distribution and live in a variety of marine habitats, from the deep sea to shallow coastal regions. Subdivisions The first species was '' Amphridite plumosa'', described from Norway. Flabelligerids were placed in various similar polychaete families until Saint-Joseph erected the family (under the name Flabelligeriens) in 1894. '' Mazopherusa'' is a possible fossil example from the Carboniferous; other fossil material is only dubiously assigned to the family. The Cambrian ''Iotuba ''Iotuba chengjiangensis'' (sometimes mis-spelt ''Lotuba'') is a 515 million year old Cambrian worm known f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fauveliopsidae
Fauveliopsidae is a family of polychaetes belonging to the order Terebellida. The genus name honours Pierre Fauvel. It is a small family, containing only three genera and about twenty species. They are benthic animals, noted for their habit of sometimes living in the empty shells of dead gastropods, scaphopods, and foraminiferans Foraminifera ( ; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly .... Genera: * '' Fauveliopsis'' McIntosh, 1922 * '' Laubieriopsis'' Petersen, 2000 * '' Riseriopsis'' Salazar-Vallejo, Zhadan & Rizzo, 2019 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q3904846 Polychaetes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
