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Russulales
The Russulales are an order of the Agaricomycetes, (which include the agaric genera '' Russula'' and ''Lactarius'' and their polyporoid and corticioid relatives). According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the order consists of 12 families, 80 genera, and 1767 species. According to ''Species Fungorum'' (January 2016), the order contains 13 families, 117 genera (16 not assigned to a family), and 3,060 species. Russuloid agarics represent an independent evolutionary line of agarics, not directly related to the Agaricales. This group also includes a number of russuloid hypogeous fungi, polypores such as '' Bondarzewia'', some tooth fungi (e.g. '' Auriscalpium vulgare''), and club fungi e.g. '' Artomyces''. Basidiospores in this group are typically ornamented with amyloid warts or reticulation but a few exceptions are known, e.g. '' Heterobasidion annosum''. The genus '' Clavicorona'' was often treated in the Russulales, but its type species, '' C. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russulaceae
The Russulaceae are a diverse family (biology), family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the Russula, brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi that include some Edible fungi, edible species. These Lamella (mycology), gilled mushrooms are characterised by the brittle trama (mycology), flesh of their basidiocarp, fruitbodies. In addition to these typical agaricoid forms, the family contains species with fruitbodies that are laterally striped (Pleurotoid fungi, pleurotoid), closed (secotioid or Gasteroid fungi, gasteroid), or crust-like (Corticioid fungi, corticioid). Molecular phylogenetics has demonstrated close affinities between species with very different fruitbody types and has discovered new, distinct Lineage (evolution), lineages. An important group of root-symbiosis, symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes ''Lactifluus'', ''Multi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russula
''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796. The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus ''Lactarius'' have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken. The ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are typically common. Although some species are toxic, a number of others are edible. Taxonomy Christian Hendrik Persoon first circumscribed the genus ''Russula'' in his 1796 work ''Observationes Mycologi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auriscalpiaceae
The Auriscalpiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Like much of the Russulales, it has been defined through molecular phylogeny, and includes physically dissimilar species, such as the tooth fungus The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the ge ... '' Auriscalpium'' and the gilled, often shelf-like members of '' Lentinellus''. See also * List of Basidiomycota families References Russulales Basidiomycota families {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bondarzewiaceae
The Bondarzewiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. The type species for both its genus and the family as a whole, ''Bondarzewia montana'', closely resembles members of Polyporales (and was formerly placed there), but has ornamented spores like those of ''Lactarius'' or ''Russula''. This characteristic suggested the relationship between physically dissimilar species that eventually led to the restructuring of Russulales (and other taxa) using molecular phylogeny. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 8 genera and 48 species. The taxon is named after Russian mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and ... Apollinari Semyonovich Bondarzew. References Russulales Basidiomycota families {{Russu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tooth Fungus
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus ''Hydnum'' ("hydnoid" means ''Hydnum''-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related. History ''Hydnum'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. It contained all species of fungi with fruit bodies bearing pendant, tooth-like projections. Subsequent authors described around 900 species in the genus. With increasing use of the microscope, it became clear that not all tooth fungi were closely related and most ''Hydnum'' species were gradually moved to other genera. The Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus paid particular attention to the group, producing a series of papers reviewing the taxonomy of hydnoid fungi. The original genus ''Hydnum'' is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybogasteraceae
The Hybogasteraceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. The family consists of a single genus, '' Hybogaster'', only known from southern Chile, and associated with living ''Nothofagus ''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guin ...'' trees.Singer R. (1964). New genera of fungi — XII: ''Hybogaster''. ''Sydowia'' 17: 13-16. References * Russulales Fungi of Chile Basidiomycota families Monogeneric fungus families {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylostereaceae
''Amylostereum'' is the single genus in the fungal family Amylostereaceae. The genus currently comprises four saprotrophic and parasitic species, which live off living or dead wood. The Amylostereaceae cause white rot in the wood by disintegrating the tissue component lignin. They produce crust-like, partially wavy fruit bodies on the surface of infested trees, which are similar to those produced by '' Stereum'' species. There are four described species in the Amylostereaceae: '' A. chailletii'' (the type), '' A. areolatum'', '' A. ferreum'' and '' A. laevigatum''. The species were initially considered part of ''Stereum'' until mycologist Jacques Boidin found atypical microscopic differences between them. Forty years after his extensive researches from 1958, Boidin reclassified ''Amylostereum'' into its own family. Three ''Amylostereum'' species are symbionts of wood wasps in the genera ''Sirex'', ''Urocerus'', and '' Xoanon'', which infest conifers. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bondarzewia
''Bondarzewia'' is a widely distributed genus of fungi in the family Bondarzewiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a German mycologist and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist of gilled mushrooms (agarics). He wrote the book "The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy". He fled to various countries d ... in 1940. References Russulales Russulales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order (biology), order of fungi in the division (mycology), division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 Extant taxon, extant family (biology), families, more than 400 genus, genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar ''Agaricus bisporus'' (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly ''Amanita virosa'' (destroying angel) to the coral-like ''Clavaria zollingeri'' (violet coral) and bracket-like ''Fistulina hepatica'' (beefsteak fungus). H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactarius (fungus)
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus '' Russula'', their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus '' Lactifluus'' has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactarius'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797 with '' L. piperatus'' as the original type species. In 2011, '' L. torminosus'' was accepted as the new type of the genus after the splitting-off of ''Lactifluus'' as separate genus. The name "''Lactarius''" is derived from the Latin '' lac'', "milk". Placement within Russulaceae Molecular phylogenetics uncovered that, while macromorphol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereaceae
The Stereaceae are a family of corticioid fungi in the Russulales order. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, are lignicolous or terrestrial (in leaf litter), and typically saprobic. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'', the family contains 22 genera and 125 species. Genera list *'' Acanthobasidium'' *'' Acanthofungus'' *'' Acanthophysium'' *'' Aleurocystis'' *'' Aleurodiscus'' *'' Amylofungus'' *'' Amylohyphus'' *'' Amylosporomyces'' *'' Amylostereum'' *'' Boidinia'' *'' Chaetoderma'' *'' Conferticium'' *'' Gloeocystidiopsis'' *'' Gloeodontia'' *'' Gloeomyces'' *'' Megalocystidium'' *'' Pseudoxenasma'' *'' Scotoderma'' *'' Scytinostromella'' *'' Stereum'' *'' Xylobolus'' There is also phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ... evid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peniophoraceae
The Peniophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and are mostly saprobic, causing rots of standing and fallen wood. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 7 genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ... and 88 species. References Russulales Basidiomycota families Taxa named by Johannes Paulus Lotsy Taxa described in 1907 {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
