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Rothamsted Experimental Station
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843. It is located at Harpenden in the English county of Hertfordshire and is a registered charity under English law. Two of the station's best known and longest-running experiments are the Broadbalk Experiment, planted annually with winter wheat since 1843, and the Park Grass Experiment, a biological study that started in 1856 and has been continuously monitored ever since. History The Rothamsted Experimental Station was founded in 1843 by John Bennet Lawes, a noted Victorian era entrepreneur and scientist who had founded one of the first artificial fertilizer manufacturing factories in 1842, on his 16th-century estate, Rothamsted Manor, to investigate the impact of inorganic and organic fertilizers on crop yield. Lawes had Henry King conduct studies on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothamsted Research
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural experiment station, agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843. It is located at Harpenden in the English county of Hertfordshire and is a Charitable organization, registered charity under English law. Two of the station's best known and longest-running experiments are the Broadbalk Experiment, planted annually with winter wheat since 1843, and the Park Grass Experiment, a biological study that started in 1856 and has been continuously monitored ever since. History The Rothamsted Experimental Station was founded in 1843 by John Bennet Lawes, a noted Victorian era entrepreneur and scientist who had founded one of the first artificial fertilizer manufacturing factories in 1842, on his 16th-century estate, Rothamsted Manor, to investigate the impact of inorganic and organic fertilizers on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Gammie Ogg
Sir William Gammie Ogg FRSE LLD (1891–1979) was a Scottish horticultural scientist and Director of Rothamsted Experimental Station Life He was born at Craigbank Farm in Peterculter near Aberdeen, Scotland on 2 November 1891 the son of James Ogg and his wife, Janet Gammie. He was educated at Robert Gordon's College in Aberdeen then studied Science at the University of Aberdeen specialising in Chemistry. He graduated MA in 1912 then took a further degree in Agriculture gaining a BSc in 1913. In the First World War he worked as a chemist at the explosives factory at Oldbury and at Greetland in Yorkshire. After the war, in 1924, he began working as an Advisory Officer at the East Of Scotland College of Agriculture. In 1925 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Alexander Lauder, Sir James Walker, George Barger and Ralph Allan Sampson. In 1930, he went to the Macaulay Institute in Aberdeen as its director. In 1943, upon the retirement of E. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Nelder
John Ashworth Nelder (8 October 1924 – 7 August 2010) was a British statistician known for his contributions to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory. Contributions Nelder's work was influential in statistics. While leading research at Rothamsted Experimental Station, Nelder developed and supervised the updating of the statistical software packages GLIM and GenStat: Both packages are flexible high-level programming languages that allow statisticians to formulate linear models concisely. GLIM influenced later environments for statistical computing such as S-PLUS and R. Both GLIM and GenStat have powerful facilities for the analysis of variance for block experiments, an area where Nelder made many contributions. In statistical theory, Nelder proposed the generalized linear model together with Robert Wedderburn. Nelder and Wedderburn formulated generalized linear models as a way of unifying various other statistical mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winifred Mackenzie
Winifred Alice Mackenzie (21 November 1896 – 29 November 1954) was an English statistician, pupil of Arthur Bowley, first winner of the Royal Statistical Society’s Frances Wood Memorial Prize and Ronald Fisher’s first assistant in the Statistics Department at Rothamsted Experimental Station. She was subsequently a missionary in the Belgian Congo. Early life Winifred was born in London, the fifth of six girls. Her father, Samuel Henry Mackenzie, had a cutlers and jewellery shop and, before marrying, her mother, Louisa (née Chatterton), had worked in the Civil Service Telegraph Department. Winifred attended the highly regarded North London Collegiate School founded by Frances Buss whose then headmistress was the mathematician Sophie Bryant. The statistician Clara Collet was an earlier student. In 1916 Winifred went to the London School of Economics (LSE) and studied statistics under the economic statistician Arthur Bowley. In 1921 she published an essay on a favour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Gemmell Cochran
William Gemmell Cochran (15 July 1909 – 29 March 1980) was a prominent statistician. He was born in Scotland but spent most of his life in the United States. Cochran studied mathematics at the University of Glasgow and the University of Cambridge. He worked at Rothamsted Experimental Station from 1934 to 1939, when he moved to the United States. There he helped establish several departments of statistics. His longest spell in any one university was at Harvard, which he joined in 1957 and from which he retired in 1976. Writings Cochran wrote many articles and books. His books became standard texts: * ''Experimental Designs'' (with Gertrude Mary Cox) 1950 * * ''Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology'' by George W. Snedecor (Cochran contributed from the fifth (1956) edition) * ''Planning and Analysis of Observational Studies'' (edited by Lincoln E. Moses and Frederick Mosteller Charles Frederick Mosteller (December 24, 1916 – July 23, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Yates
Frank Yates FRS (12 May 1902 – 17 June 1994) was one of the pioneers of 20th-century statistics. Biography Yates was born in Manchester, England, the eldest of five children (and only son) of seed merchant and botanist Percy Yates and his wife Edith. He attended Wadham House, a private school, before gaining a scholarship to Clifton College in 1916. In 1920, he obtained a scholarship at St John's College, Cambridge, and four years later graduated with a First Class Honours degree. He spent two years teaching mathematics to secondary school pupils at Malvern College before heading to Africa, where he was mathematical advisor on the Gold Coast Survey. He returned to England, due to ill health, and met and married a chemist, Margaret Forsythe Marsden, the daughter of a civil servant. This marriage was dissolved in 1933, and he later married Prascovie (Pauline) Tchitchkine, previously the partner of Alexis Tchitchkine. After her death in 1976, he married Ruth Hunt, hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wishart (statistician)
John Wishart (28 November 1898 – 14 July 1956) was a Scottish mathematician and agricultural statistician. He gave his name to the Wishart distribution in statistics. Life Wishart was born in Perth, Scotland on 28 November 1898, the son of Elizabeth Scott and John Wishart of Montrose. His father was a bootmaker. The family moved from Montrose to Perth around 1903, living at 36 Robertsons Buildings on Barrack Street. He was educated at Perth Academy. In the First World War he was conscripted into the Black Watch in 1917 and served two years in France. He studied mathematics at the University of Edinburgh under Edmund Taylor Whittaker, graduating with an MA and BSc. He then went on to study at the University of Cambridge where he gained a further MA. He then gained a doctorate (DSc) at the University College London under Karl Pearson. After a year of teacher training at Moray College of Education in Edinburgh he then worked for some years as a Mathematics Teacher at West ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Oscar Irwin
Joseph Oscar Irwin (17 December 1898 – 27 July 1982) was a British statistician who advanced the use of statistical methods in biological assay and other fields of laboratory medicine. Irwin's grasp of modern mathematical statistics distinguished him not only from older medical statisticians like Major Greenwood but contemporaries like Austin Bradford Hill. Biography Irwin was born in London. He attended the City of London School where he specialised in classics and then at a late date in mathematics. In December 1917 he won a scholarship to Christ's College, Cambridge to read mathematics. A serious illness disqualified him from war service but he spent a year computing anti-aircraft trajectories for Karl Pearson. When Irwin graduated from Cambridge in 1921 he joined Pearson's department of applied statistics which had returned to its normal activities. Irwin published his first work there, including his 1927 paper on the distribution of means. In 1928, Irwin moved to R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinians, Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Phenotypic trait, Trait inheritance and Molecular genetics, molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the Cell (bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statistics
Statistics (from German language, German: ', "description of a State (polity), state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of statistical survey, surveys and experimental design, experiments. When census data (comprising every member of the target population) cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey sample (statistics), samples. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can reasonably extend from the sample ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. For his work in statistics, he has been described as "a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science" and "the single most important figure in 20th century statistics". In genetics, Fisher was the one to most comprehensively combine the ideas of Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin, as his work used mathematics to combine Mendelian genetics and natural selection; this contributed to the revival of Darwinism in the early 20th-century revision of the theory of evolution known as the Modern synthesis (20th century), modern synthesis. For his contributions to biology, Richard Dawkins declared Fisher to be the greatest of Darwin's successors. He is also considered one of the founding fathers of Neo-Darwinism. According to statistician Jeffrey T. Leek, Fisher is the most in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professor Angela Karp
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a 'person who professes'. Professors are usually experts in their field and teachers of the highest rank. In most systems of academic ranks, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "full professor". In some countries and institutions, the word ''professor'' is also used in titles of lower ranks such as associate professor and assistant professor; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers. Professors often conduct original research and commonly teach undergraduate, postgraduate, or professional courses in their fields of expertise. In universities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
