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Poaceae
Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass. With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, including staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, oats, barley, and millet for people and as feed for meat-producing animals. They provide, through direct human consumption, just over one-half (51%) of all dietary energy; rice provides 20%, wheat supplies 20%, maize (corn) 5.5%, and other grains 6%. Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials ( bamboo, thatch, and straw); oth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bambusoideae
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family, in the case of '' Dendrocalamus sinicus'' having individual stalks ( culms) reaching a length of , up to in thickness and a weight of up to . The internodes of bamboos can also be of great length. '' Kinabaluchloa wrayi'' has internodes up to in length. and ''Arthrostylidium schomburgkii'' has internodes up to in length, exceeded in length only by papyrus. By contrast, the stalks of the tiny bamboo ''Raddiella vanessiae'' of the savannas of French Guiana measure only in length by about in width. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it most likely comes from the Dutch or Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from Malay or Kannada. In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the vascular bundles in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial plant, perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily (biology), subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family, in the case of ''Dendrocalamus sinicus'' having individual stalks (Culm (botany), culms) reaching a length of , up to in thickness and a weight of up to . The internodes of bamboos can also be of great length. ''Kinabaluchloa, Kinabaluchloa wrayi'' has internodes up to in length. and ''Arthrostylidium schomburgkii'' has internodes up to in length, exceeded in length only by Cyperus papyrus, papyrus. By contrast, the stalks of the tiny bamboo Raddiella, ''Raddiella vanessiae'' of the savannas of French Guiana measure only in length by about in width. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it most likely comes from the Dutch language, Dutch or Portuguese language, Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from Malay langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panicoideae
Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), sorghum, and switchgrass. C4 photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C3 ancestor. Description The ligule has a fringe of hairs. The inflorescence is branched around a common axis. The spikelets are all alike with two bisexual florets that are joined below the glumes (the outer floral envelopes). The lower glume is shorter than the spikelet. Systematics and taxonomy Within the PACMAD clade of grasses, the Panicoideae are sister to a clade made of the four subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, and Micrairoideae. A modern phylogenetic classification divides the Panicoideae in twelve tribes corresponding to monophyletic clades; two genera, '' Chandrasekharania'' and '' Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danthonieae
Danthonioideae is a mainly southern hemisphere subfamily of grasses, containing the single tribe Danthonieae and one unplaced genus, with altogether roughly 300 species. It includes herbaceous to partially woody perennial or annual (less common) grasses that grow in open grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands. It belongs to the PACMAD clade of grasses, but unlike some other lineages in that clade, grasses in the Danthonioideae exclusively use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Its sister group is the subfamily Chloridoideae. There are 19 genera, 18 of which are placed in tribe Danthonieae, while one is as yet unplaced (''incertae sedis''). The relationships within the group are complicated; conflicting phylogenetic evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA suggests that hybridisation events played an important role in the Danthonioideae. *''incertae sedis'': *: '' Danthonidium'' * tribe Danthonieae: *: '' Austroderia'', '' Capeochloa'', '' Chaetobromus'', '' Chimaerochloa'', '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anomochlooideae
Anomochlooideae is a subfamily of the true grass family (biology), family Poaceae. It is sister to all the other grasses. It includes perennial herbs that grow on the shaded floor of forests in the Neotropics. There are two genera, ''Anomochloa'' and ''Streptochaeta,'' each in its own tribe. Description Anomochlooideae are terrestrial,Anomochlooideae in Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB102235 Accessed on: 04 Jan. 2025 rhizomatous, perennial herbs with pseudopetiolate, broad leaves.Kellogg, E.A. (2015)I. Subfamily Anomochlooideae Pilg. ex Potztal (1957).In: Flowering Plants. Monocots. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 13. Springer, Cham. Cytology The diploid chromosome count of ''Anomochloa'' is 2n = 36, and the chromosome count of ''Streptochaeta'' is 2n = 22. Taxonomy It was validly published in 1957 by Eva Hedwig Ingeborg Potztal based on previous work from Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrairoideae
Micrairoideae is a subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Within the PACMAD clade, it is sister to subfamily Arundinoideae. It includes roughly 190 species in nine genera. A phylogenetic classification of the grasses recognises four main lineages, classified as tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict .... Only species in tribe Eriachneae (genera '' Eriachne'' and '' Pheidochloa'') have evolved the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Phylogeny Relationships of tribes in the Micrairoideae according to a 2017 phylogenetic classification, also showing the Arundinoideae as sister group: References * Poaceae subfamilies {{Poaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharoideae
Pharoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae, containing the single tribe Phareae with the two genera ''Leptaspis'' and '' Pharus''. Its members grow on the shaded floors of tropical to warm temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ... forests. This subfamily is one of the earliest-diverging grass lineages, older than the big BOP and PACMAD clades: References Poaceae Poaceae subfamilies {{Poaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrhartoideae
Oryzoideae ( syn. Ehrhartoideae) is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae. It has around 120 species in 19 genera, notably including the major cereal crop rice. Within the grasses, this subfamily is one of three belonging to the species-rich BOP clade, which all use C3 photosynthesis; it is the basal lineage of the clade. It contains four tribes and one genus of unclear position (incertae sedis): '' Suddia'' (thought likely to be in the tribe Phyllorachideae). Phylogenetic analyses have resolved the branching order of these clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...s within the subfamily: References Poaceae subfamilies Taxa named by Carl Sigismund Kunth {{Poaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puelioideae
The Puelioideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae with two genera, '' Guaduella'' and '' Puelia'', each in its own tribe. Its members grow in the understory of rainforests. This subfamily is one of the earliest-diverging grass lineages, sister A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to ref ... to the big BOP and PACMAD clades: References Poaceae subfamilies {{Poaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristideae
The Aristideae is the sole tribe of grasses in the monotypic subfamily Aristidoideae of the true grass family Poaceae. Its members are herbaceous annuals or perennials found in the tropics, subtropics and temperate zones. The tribe has over 300 species in three genera: The subfamily is a member of the PACMAD clade of grasses, the evolutionary group in which C4 photosynthesis independently evolved a number of times.Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification Osvaldo Morrone, Lone Aagesen, Maria A. Scataglini, Diego L. Salariato, Silvia S. Denham, Maria A. Chemisquy, Silvana M. Sede, Liliana M. Giussani, Elizabeth A. Kellogg and Fernando O. Zuloag Cladistics 28 (2012) 333–356 *''Aristida'' *''Sartidia ''Sartidia'' is a genus of Southern African and Madagascar, Madagascan plants in the Poaceae, grass family. It was split from ''Aristida'' in 1963 by South African botanist Bernard de Winter and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloridoideae
Chloridoideae is one of the largest subfamily, subfamilies of Poaceae, grasses, with roughly 150 genera and 1,600 species, mainly found in arid tropical or subtropical grasslands. Within the PACMAD clade, their sister group is the Danthonioideae. The subfamily includes widespread weeds such as Bermuda grass (''Cynodon dactylon''), goosegrass (''Eleusine indica'') or finger grass (''Chloris (plant), Chloris''), but also millet species grown in some tropical regions, namely finger millet (''Eleusine coracana'') and teff (''Eragrostis tef''). With the exception of some species in ''Ellisochloa'' and ''Eleusine indica'', most of the subfamily's species use the C4 carbon fixation, C4 photosynthetic pathway. The first evolutionary transition from C3 photosynthesis, C3 to C4 photosynthesis in the grasses probably occurred in this subfamily, around 32 to 25 million years ago in the Oligocene. Phylogeny Relationships of tribes in the Chloridoideae according to a 2017 phylogenetic classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arundinoideae
The Arundinoideae are a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae with around 40 species, including giant reed and common reed. Unlike many other members of the PACMAD clade of grasses, the Arundinoideae all use C3 photosynthesis. Their sister group is the subfamily Micrairoideae. Arundinoideae used to be quite large in older taxonomic systems, with over 700 species, but most of them have been moved to other subfamilies following phylogenetic analyses. Currently, species are placed in 16 genera and two tribes. Tribes and genera ; Arundineae ::*'' Amphipogon'' (syn. ''Diplopogon'') ::*'' Arundo'' ::*'' Dregeochloa'' ::*'' Monachather'' ; Molinieae :Subtribe Crinipinae ::*'' Crinipes'' ::*''Elytrophorus'' ::*'' Pratochloa'' ::*'' Styppeiochloa'' :Subtribe Moliniinae ::*'' Hakonechloa'' ::*'' Molinia'' ::*'' Moliniopsis'' ::*'' Phragmites'' :''incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
