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Languages Of Chad
Chad has two official languages, Arabic and French language, French, and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, Chadian Arabic, is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40–60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers. French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. The language with the most first-language speakers is probably Ngambay language, Ngambay, with around one million speakers. In April 2005 Chad joined the Arab League as an observer, before submitting an application to join the Arab League as a Member states of the Arab League, member state on 25 March 2014, Middle East Monitor''South Sudan and Chad apply to join the Arab League'' 12 April 2014, retrieved 6 May 2017 which was still pending in 2025. Chadian Sign Language is a variant of Nige ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Member States Of The Arab League
The Arab League has 22 member states. It was founded in Cairo in March 1945 with seven members: the Kingdom of Egypt, the Kingdom of Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Republic, Transjordan (Jordan from 1949), and North Yemen (later becoming Yemen). Membership increased during the second half of the 20th century. Seven countries have observer status. The headquarters are located in Cairo, Egypt. List of current member states List of current observer states Seven countries are observer states—a status that entitles them to express their opinion and give advice but denies them voting rights. These are Eritrea, where Arabic is one of the official languages, as well as Brazil and Venezuela, which have large and influential Arab communities. India is another observer of the Arab League, with a sizable number of people claiming Arab descent. Armenia was granted observer status in 2004. Chad was granted observer status in 2005. Greece became an observer state in 2021. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gula Iro Language
The Gula Iro language (autonym ''kùláál'') is a Bua language spoken by some 3,500 people (in 1991) north and east of Lake Iro in southern Chad, between the Bola and Salamat rivers. It has four dialects, according to Pairault: *''páṭóól'' (350 speakers), the northernmost and the least comprehensible to speakers of the other dialects, spoken in and around Badi; *''pòŋààl'' (2,000 speakers), by the north shore of the lake, spoken in and around Boum Kabir, Boum Sarher, and Tordjigel; *''tɩ́ààlà'' (730 speakers), spoken east and south of the lake, including Kouré, Bouni, Tormorhal, and Masidjanga; *''tííṭààl'' (200 speakers), the easternmost, spoken in various villages west of Tamba; to which Ethnologue adds a fifth, Korintal (170 speakers), spoken in Tieou. Gula Iro is very closely related to Zan Gula and Bon Gula, but they are not mutually comprehensible. Phonology The consonants, along with their orthography, are: The vowels are: a, e, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niellim Language
The Niellim language (autonym ) is a Bua language spoken by some 5,000 people (as of 1993) along the Chari River in southern Chad. It is mainly spoken in two areas: one around the city of Sarh (to which many - perhaps most - speakers have migrated) and one, its traditional home, further north, between about 9°30′ and 9°50′ N, corresponding to the former chiefdoms of Pra and Niou, as well as the Niellim Sultanate. Niellim borders on several languages of diverse families – in particular Sara, Ndam, and Laal – and is influenced by the local ''lingua franca'', Baguirmi; it has itself strongly influenced Laal, but also apparently has been influenced by Laal, or a relative of Laal, since much of the common Laal–Niellim vocabulary is not Bua. It is notably homogeneous. As a small minority in Chad, its speakers usually have to learn other languages, mostly (as of 1974) Baguirmi, Sara, Arabic, and Bua. Niellim Sultanate In the middle of the 19th century, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bua Language
The Bua language (also called Ba) is spoken north of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil in Chad. In 1993 it was spoken by some 8,000 people. It is the largest member of the small Bua group of languages and is mutually comprehensible with Fanian. Kawãwãy (Korom) may be a dialect or a distinct language. Bua is a local lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, link language or language of wider communication (LWC), is a Natural language, language systematically used to make co ... in Korbol Canton, due to the historical influence of the Korbol Caliphate since the late 1700s and 1800s. Speakers also live around Gabil (in the Guéra Region), and in Sarh and N'Djaména. Korom Korom is spoken by about 60 people in 3 or 4 villages in Moyen-Chari Region and Guéra Region of Chad. The main community of speakers is called Kawãwãy, who comprise a community of blacksmiths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bua Languages
The Bua languages are a subgroup of the Mbum–Day subgroup of the Savanna languages spoken by fewer than 30,000 people in southern Chad in an area stretching roughly between the Chari River and the Guéra Massif. They were labeled "G13" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal. They are ultimately part of the Niger–Congo family, and have exerted a significant influence on Laal. Bua languages have had extensive contact with Chadic languages. Languages The Bua languages include: * Bua language (7,708 speakers in 1993), north of the Chari River around Korbol and Gabil (after which the group was named); mutually comprehensible with Fanian. * Fanian, or Mana, or Kobe (> 1,100 speakers in 1997), in the villages of Mouraye, Sengué, Malakonjo, Rim, Sisi, Karo west of Lake Iro. * Niellim or Lua (5,157 speakers in 1993), spoken around Niellim and Niou along the Chari River north of Sarh (including the extinct Chini dialect) * Tunia (2,255 speakers in 1993), aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toupouri Language
Tupuri (or Toupouri) is a language mostly spoken in the Mayo-Kebbi Est Region of southern Chad and in small parts of northern Cameroon. It is an Mbum language spoken by the Tupuri people with approximately 300,000 speakers. Tupuri was erroneously classified as a Chadic language by Joseph Greenberg, due to a vocabulary list that is actually that of Kera (cf. K. Ebert 1974). Distribution Tupuri is predominantly spoken in the southeastern part of the Moulvouday plain, in: *Kaélé, Porhi, Taibong villages in Moulvouday commune * Guidigis commune, in Mayo-Kani department * Kar-Hay, Kalfou, Datcheka, Tchatibali communes in Mayo-Danay Mayo-Danay is a departments of Cameroon, department of Far North Province, Cameroon. The department covers an area of 5,303 km and at the 2005 Census had a total population of 529,061. The capital of the department is at Yagoua. Subdivisions ... department The Viri or Wina are ethnically Tupuri, but today they speak a Massa dialect. Tupu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moundang Language
Mundang is an Mbum language of southern Chad and northern Cameroon, spoken by the Mundang people. The Gelama dialect of Cameroon may be a separate language. Distribution Mundang, spoken in Cameroon by 44,700 speakers (SIL 1982), is mainly spoken in Mayo-Kani Mayo-Kani is a department of Extreme-Nord Province in Cameroon. The department covers an area of 5,033 km and at the 2005 Census had a total population of 404,646. The capital of the department is at Kaélé. Subdivisions The department is ... department, Far North Region, in the communes of Mindif, Moulvouday, and Kaélé. It is also spoken to a lesser extent in the south of Mayo-Kebi, in the east of Bibemi commune ( Bénoué department, Northern Region), towards the Chadian border. Mundang of Lere (in Chad) and Mundang of Cameroon (centered in Lara and Kaélé) are highly similar. Phonology Consonants * may also be heard as laryngealized among speakers. * can also be heard as two laryngealized allop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Census
A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of statistics. This term is used mostly in connection with Population and housing censuses by country, national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include Census of agriculture, censuses of agriculture, traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The United Nations (UN) defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years. UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, and other useful information to coordinate international practices. The United Nations, UN's Food ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kim Language
The Kim language of southern Chad is an Mbum language spoken by 15,000 people. It is one of the three members of the Kim languages group, together with Besme and Goundo. The language was once mistakenly classified as Chadic, and called ''Masa ''Masa'' or ''masa de maíz'' (; ) is a dough made from ground nixtamalized maize. It is used for making corn tortillas, '' gorditas'', '' tamales'', '' pupusas'', and many other Latin American dishes. It is dried and powdered into a flour f ...'', a Chadic name. There is strong dialectical divergence; Blench considers Garap (Éré), Gerep (Djouman, Jumam), Kolop (Kilop, Kolobo), and Kosop (Kwasap, Kim) to be distinct languages.Roger Blench, 2004List of Adamawa languages(ms) References Languages of Chad Kim languages {{AtlanticCongo-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goundo Language
Goundo is a nearly extinct Adamawa language of Chad. It is one of the three members of the Kim languages group, together with Kim and Besme. Older adults only speak the language, as many young people shifted to Kabalai and Nancere. ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...'' lists Goundo villages as Goundo-Bengli, Goundo-Nangom, and Goundo-Yila in Kélo and Lai subprefectures, Tandjilé Region. References Languages of Chad Kim languages Endangered languages of Africa {{AtlanticCongo-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Foster (educator)
Andrew Jackson Foster (1925–1987) was an American pioneer of deaf education in several countries in Africa. In 1954, he became the first Deaf African American to earn a bachelor's degree from Gallaudet University, the American university for the Deaf, and the first to earn a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University. He earned a second master's degree from Seattle Pacific Christian College (now Seattle Pacific University), also in education. He founded Christian Mission for the Deaf African in 1956 and set out for Accra, Ghana, where he established the first school for the deaf in West Africa. Early life and education Andrew Foster was born on June 27, 1925, in the small mining town of Ensley, Alabama. In 1936, when Andrew was about 11 years old, both he and his brother contracted spinal meningitis and subsequently became deaf. Following this, Foster was sent to the Alabama School for Colored Deaf in Talladega, where he received up to a sixth grade education. This w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
