|
Khmelnytsky Uprising
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukraine. Under the command of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and local Ukrainian peasantry, fought against Crown Army, Commonwealth's forces. The insurgency was accompanied by Batoh massacre, mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against prisoners of war and the civilian population, especially Polish people, Poles, Jews and Catholic Church, Roman Catholic and Ruthenian Uniate Church, Ruthenian Uniate clergy, as well as savage reprisals by loyalist Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, the ''voivode'' of Ruthenians, Ruthenian descent (military governor) of the Ruthenian Voivodeship. The uprising has a symbolic meaning in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deluge (history)
The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense, it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, comprising the Polish theatres of the Russo-Polish and Second Northern Wars. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as a theatre of the Second Northern War (1655–1660) only; in Poland and Lithuania this period is called the Swedish Deluge (, Lithuanian: š''vedų tvanas'', ), or less commonly the Russo–Swedish Deluge () due to the simultaneous Russo-Polish War. The term "deluge" (''potop'' in Polish) was popularized by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel '' The Deluge'' (1886). During the wars the Commonwealth lost approximately one third of its population as well as its status as a great power due to invasions by Sweden and Russia. According to Professor Andrzej Rottermund, manager of the Roya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporozhian Sich
The Zaporozhian Sich (, , ; also ) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Zaporozhian Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries, for the latter part of that period as an autonomous stratocratic state within the Cossack Hetmanate. The lands of Zaporozhian Sich were centred around the Great Meadow region of Ukraine, spanning the lower Dnieper river. In different periods the area came under the sovereignty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, the Tsardom of Russia, and the Russian Empire. The establishment of Zaporozhian Sich was an important factor in defense of Ukraine and Russia from Crimean-Nogai raids. In 1650, its total population consisted of 100,000. In 1657–1687, Zaporizhian Sich was practically independent, possessing its own administration and armed forces consisting of 12,000–20,000 Cossacks. It was reliant on population growth, mainly consisting of Ukrainian refugees from devastated lands. In 1775, shortly af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sirko
Ivan Dmytrovych Sirko ( – August 11, 1680) was a Zaporozhian Cossack military leader, Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Host and putative co-author of the famous semi-legendary Cossack letter to the Ottoman sultan that inspired the major painting '' Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks'' by the 19th-century artist Ilya Repin. Early life and origin The first biography of Ivan Sirko, written by Dmytro Yavornytsky in 1890, gave Sirko's place of birth as the sloboda of Merefa near the modern-day city of Kharkiv. Historian Yuriy Mytsyik states that this could not be the case. In his book ''Otaman Ivan Sirko''Otaman Ivan Sirko by Yuriy Mytsyik (1999) he writes that Merefa was established only in 1658 (more than 40 years after the birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maksym Kryvonis
Maksym Kryvonis ( Ukrainian: ''Максим Кривоніс'', Polish: ''Maksym Krzywonos''; literally means "crooked-nose") was one of the Cossack leaders and a commander of the Ukrainian peasants against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. For the first time in the history of Lviv, during the siege of the city his regiment captured the Vysokyi Zamok Castle, which was defended by the strong Polish–Lithuanian garrison. Kryvonis was one of the most important figures during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising in 1648. Origins The question about his origins remains unresolved. A Polish pamphlet published in 1648 claimed that he was a serf of the Nemyrych family (a hypothesis favoured by Soviet historiography). However, a German source about a meeting with Kryvonis in 1648 says that he is of Scottish origin ("ein gebohrenen Schott"). In this case his real name may well have been not a nickname based on his crooked or broken nose, but a translation of his Scottish family name Cam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Bohun
Ivan Bohun () (died 1664) was a Zaporozhian Cossack colonel. A close associate and friend of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, he opposed both the pacts with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Treaty of Hadiach of 1658) and with the Tsardom of Russia (Pereiaslav Agreement of 1654). Biography Bohun was born into a Cossack-Ruthenian nobility family. In 1637, he captured the Azov Fortress in a joint campaign with Don Cossacks and took part in subsequent Azov sitting. He took part in the Khmelnytsky Uprising against Polish rule in Ukraine. In June 1651 he was elected colonel of troops of Bracław and took part in the Battle of Berestechko against Polish troops led by King John II Casimir Vasa, which the Cossacks lost. Surviving the defeat he regathered his forces and in June 1652 took part in the battle of Batih. In this instance the Cossacks were successful; the Polish commander Marcin Kalinowski was killed and the future hetman Stefan Czarniecki barely escaped with his life. The Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tymofiy Khmelnytsky
Tymofiy Bohdanovych Khmelnytsky or Tymish Bohdanovych Khmelnytsky (; 1632 — 15 September 1653) was a Zaporozhian Cossack military commander. He was the eldest son of the Ukrainian Cossack Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky. He was married to the Moldavian princess Ruxandra Lupu, daughter of the Prince Vasile Lupu. He took part in the Battle of Finta as commander of the forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and after the defeat, Timofiy was besieged by the Wallachian forces in Suceava and died in the confrontation. Biography He was born in 1632 in Subotov. According to sources, Tymish was short, red and had freckles on his face. In February-March 1648, as a result of negotiations between Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and the Crimean Khan İslâm III Giray and the conclusion of an agreement on a joint struggle against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Tymish was left hostage in Bakhchisarai. From 1648 Timysh was a Chyhyryn centurion and together with his father took part in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Zynoviy Bohdan Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky of the Abdank coat of arms (Ruthenian language, Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern , Polish language, Polish: ; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobility, Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Cossacks#Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossacks as Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He Khmelnytsky Uprising, led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Cossack Hetmanate, Cossack state in Ukraine. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereiaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection. Khmelnytsky was compared to his contemporary, Oliver Cromwell. During the uprising, the Cossacks under his leadership massacred tens of thousands of Poles an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Stefan
Gheorghe is a Romanian and Aromanian given name and surname. It is a variant of George, also a name in Romanian but with soft Gs. It may refer to: Given name * Gheorghe Adamescu (1869–1942), Romanian literary historian and bibliographer * Gheorghe Albu (1909–1974), Romanian footballer * Gheorghe Alexandrescu * Gheorghe Andriev (born 1968), Romanian sprint canoeist * Gheorghe Apostol (1913–2010), Romanian politician, deputy Prime Minister of Romania and a former leader of the Communist Party * Gheorghe Apostoleanu (1832–1895), Romanian politician * Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940), Romanian general * Gheorghe Arsenescu (1907–1962), Romanian Army officer * Gheorghe Asachi (1788–1869), Moldavian polymath * Gheorghe Băgulescu (1886–1963), Romanian general * Gheorghe Balș (1868–1934), Romanian engineer, architect and art historian * Gheorghe Bănciulescu (1898–1935), Romanian aviator * Gheorghe Banu (1889–1957), Romanian eugenicist and politician * Gheor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Campaign Into Poland (1657)
The Transylvanian campaign into Poland ( Swedish: ''Transsylvaniens kampanj in i Polen''; Ukrainian: ''Трансільванський похід на Польщу'') also called the Brest Campaign or Rakoczy's Campaign () was a campaign by Transylvania, Sweden, and the Cossack Hetmanate into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Deluge in 1657. The allied army saw success in the beginning, but when Denmark declared war on Sweden, Charles abandoned the Transylvanians, which led to their defeat. During the campaign, the allied forces successfully managed to capture both Warsaw and Brest from the Poles but were later pushed out from the country after the forces of Stefan Czarniecki intervened in the conflict. Background In March 1657, Charles X Gustav of Sweden commenced a new offensive into the south of Poland. Although there are some disputes over the size of his force, it was not large and likely consisted of around 4,000 Swedes and 3,000 Brandenburgers divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appearance Of Michael To Joshua At Dmitry Pozharsky Banner
Appearance may refer to: * Visual appearance, the way in which objects reflect and transmit light * Human physical appearance, what someone looks like * ''Appearances'' (film), a 1921 film directed by Donald Crisp * Appearance (philosophy), or phenomenon * Phantasiai, a term in ancient Greek philosophy variously translated as "appearances," "impressions," "presentations," and "representations." * Appearance (law), the coming into court of either of the parties to a suit, and/or the formal act by which a defendant submits himself to the jurisdiction of the court. Appear or Appears may refer to: * "Appears", a song released by Ayumi Hamasaki in 1999 Appearing may refer to: * Appearing (media consultants) - "Appearing", broadcast media promotion consultants, a PR agency headed by Scott Piering See also * * * Apparition (other), any instance of appearing, but usually referring to a supernatural phenomenon * Cap (sport) In sport, a cap is a player's appearance in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasile Lupu
Lupu Coci, known as Vasile Lupu (; 1595 – 1661), was the voivode of Moldavia between 1634 and 1653. He was of Albanian and Greek origin. Lupu had secured the Moldavian throne in 1634 after a series of complicated intrigues and managed to hold it for twenty years. Vasile was a capable administrator and a brilliant financier and was soon almost the richest man in the Christian East. His gifts to Ottoman leaders kept him on good terms with the Ottoman authorities. Early life The Coci family settled in Wallachia (Țara Rumânească) in the first half of the 16th century. His father, Nicolae (Neculai) Coci was an Albanian shopkeeper, the son of Constantin (Coce) and Ecaterina, who originated from Macedonia or Epirus. His mother was Greek. Nicolae entered Moldavian nobility in 1593. Nikolae was born in Arbanasi. According to different researchers it was a village in modern-day Bulgaria ( Arbanasi or Dolno Arbanasi - today a suburb of Razgrad), while some historians claim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorals
The Gorals (; Goral ethnolect: ''Górole''; ; Cieszyn Silesian dialect, Cieszyn Silesian: ''Gorole''), also anglicized as the Highlanders, are an ethnographic group with historical ties to the Vlachs. The Goral people are primarily found in their traditional area of southern Poland, northern Slovakia – especially Orava (region), Orava, Spiš and Zamagurie, and in the region of Cieszyn Silesia in the Czech Republic, where they are known as the Silesian Gorals. There is also a significant Goral diaspora in the area of Bukovina in western Ukraine and northern Romania, as well as in Chicago which is the seat of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America. History The Gorals as a separate ethnographic subgroup began to form in the 14th century with the arrival of the first Polish People, Polish settlers from Lesser Poland, who would settle and farm the lands around what is today Nowy Targ and along the Dunajec valley beginning in the early twelve hundreds. Prior to that, Podhal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
