Călugăreni, Giurgiu

	Călugăreni, Giurgiu Călugăreni is a Commune in Romania, commune located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Brăniștari, Călugăreni, Crucea de Piatră, Hulubești, and Uzunu. The commune is situated in the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of , on the banks of the Neajlov, Neajlov River and its right tributaries, the Câlniștea and the Iordana. It is located in the central part of the county, north of the county seat, Giurgiu, and south of the country's capital, Bucharest. The commune is famous for the Battle of Călugăreni of 23 August 1595. This was one of the most important battles in the history of Romania in the Middle Ages, mediaeval Romania, in which a Wallachian army led by Michael the Brave defeated an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman army led by Koca Sinan Pasha. Natives * Nicolae Cartojan (1883 – 1944), literary historian References Communes in Giurgiu County Localities in Muntenia {{Giurgiu-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Michael The Brave Michael the Brave ( or ; 1558 – 9 August 1601), born as Mihai Pătrașcu, was the Prince of Wallachia (as Michael II, 1593–1601), Prince of Moldavia (1600) and ''de facto'' ruler of Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711), Transylvania (1599–1600). He is considered one of Romania's greatest national heroes. Since the 19th century, Michael the Brave has been regarded by Romanian nationalism, Romanian nationalists as a symbol of Romanian unity, as his reign marked the first time in history all principalities inhabited by Romanians were under the same ruler. His rule over Wallachia began in the autumn of 1593. Two years later, Long Turkish War, war with the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans began, a conflict in which the Prince fought the Battle of Călugăreni, resulting in a victory against an army nearly three times the size of the army of Michael the Brave, considered one of the most important battles of his reign. Although the Wallachians emerged victorious from the battle, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Bucharest metropolitan area, metropolitan area of 2.3 million residents, which makes Bucharest the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 8th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 6 districts (''Sectors of Bucharest, Sectoare''), while the metropolitan area covers . Bucharest is a major cultural, political and economic hub, the country's seat of government, and the capital of the Muntenia region. Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459. The city became the capital in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media, culture, and art. Its architecture is a mix of historical (mostly History of architecture#Revivalism and Eclecticism, Eclectic, but also Neoclassical arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Nicolae Cartojan Nicolae Cartojan (December 4, 1883–December 20, 1944) was a Romanian literary historian. Born in Uzunu, Giurgiu County, his parents were Anghel Cartojan and Maria (''née'' Petrescu). He graduated from Bucharest's Saint Sava National College in 1902. He then enrolled in the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Bucharest, where Ioan Bianu was one of his professors, and graduated in 1906. Early on, he developed an interest in early Romanian literature and in researching the manuscripts of the Romanian Academy Library, where he worked from 1906 to 1912. At the same time, he was a teaching assistant. From 1912 to 1914, Cartojan attended speciality courses at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. Upon returning to Bucharest, he was appointed principal of the Ioan Maiorescu Gymnasium. He married Sevastia Condeescu on April 14, 1916. After Romania entered World War I and the Central Powers occupied Bucharest in December 1916, the gymnasium was turned into a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Koca Sinan Pasha Koca Sinan Pasha (, "Sinan the Great", ; c. 1506 – 3 April 1596) was an Albanian-born Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman. From 1580 until his death he served five times as Grand Vizier. Early life Sinan Pasha, also known as ''Koca Sinan'' (Sinan the Great), was born in Topojan in Luma territory and was of Albanian origin. Sinan Pasha was a descendant of Gjergj Arianiti. In a Ragusan document of 1571 listing members of the Ottoman Sultan's governing council, Sinan is described as coming from a Catholic family that converted to Islam. His father was named Ali Bey and Sinan Pasha had family ties with Catholic relatives such as the Giubizzas.Malcolm, Noel (2015). Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-century Mediterranean World'. Oxford University Press. . pp.264–265. "Sinan came from a small village in north-eastern Albania. As the writer Lazaro Soranzo put it, very probably deriving his information from Bartolomeo's co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ; : , : ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Dobruja could sometimes be considered a third section due to its proximity and brief rule over it. Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections. Wallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by Béla IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia was forced to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; this lasted until the 19th century. In 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Romania In The Middle Ages The Middle Ages in Romania began shortly after the withdrawal of the Roman legion, Roman legions from the former Roman Empire, Roman Roman province, province of Roman Dacia, Dacia in the late 3rd century and with the start of the Romania in the Early Middle Ages, Early Middle Ages and the Migration Period that followed afterwards respectively. It subsequently came to an end with the reign of Domnitor, Domn Michael the Brave (1593–1601) who managed, for a short time between 1599 and 1600, to rule Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania together, the three principalities whose territories were to be united some three centuries later to form modern and contemporary Romania. Over most of this period, Banat, Crișana, Maramureș, and Transylvania – now historical regions of Romania, regions in Romania to the west of the Carpathian Mountains – were part of the Kingdom of Hungary. They were divided into several types of administrative units, such as "Comitatus (Kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Battle Of Călugăreni The Battle of Călugăreni took place during the history of early modern Romania on between the Wallachian army led by Michael the Brave and the Ottoman army led by Koca Sinan Pasha. It was part of the Long Turkish War, fought between Christian and Ottoman forces at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th centuries. The whole Ottoman force was estimated at 100,000 men, but not all of their troops were on the battlefield at Călugăreni. It seems that only about 30,000-40,000 Ottoman soldiers were involved in the battle. Michael the Brave had in total about 15,000 menA. D. Xenopol, Istoria Romanilor Vol. 5 and about 12 large field cannons, with Transylvanian ( Székely) detachmentsSingur împotriva Europei, Author: Mircea Dogaru, Publisher: Phobos, Bucharest 2005 and Cossack mercenaries. Michael the Brave strategically positioned his forces south of the village of Călugăreni, where the Câlniştea river flows into the Neajlov river. The terrain there was a muddy ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Giurgiu Giurgiu (; ; ) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. In the past, Giurgiu exported timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imported coal, iron, and textiles. The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city. History The area around Giurgiu was densely populated at the time of the Dacians (1st century BC) as archeological evidence shows, and Burebista's capital was in this a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Commune In Romania A commune (''comună'' in Romanian language, Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania. The commune is the rural subdivision of a Counties of Romania, county. Urban areas, such as towns and cities within a county, are given the status of ''Cities in Romania, city'' or ''Municipality in Romania, municipality''. In principle, a commune can contain any size population, but in practice, when a commune becomes relatively urbanised and exceeds approximately 10,000 residents, it is usually granted city status. Although cities are on the same administrative level as communes, their local governments are structured in a way that gives them more power. Some urban or semi-urban areas of fewer than 10,000 inhabitants have also been given city status. Each commune is administered by a mayor (''primar'' in Romanian). A commune is made up of one or more villages which do not themselves have an administrative function. Communes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Iordana The Iordana is a right tributary of the river Câlniștea in Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ....Angheluță Vădineanu, Carmen Postolache, Georgia Cosor, Teodora Pălărie, Costel Negrei, Magdalena Bucur - Case Study Report The Neajlov Catchment/ref> It discharges into the Câlniștea in Uzunu. Its length is and its basin size is . References Rivers of Romania Rivers of Giurgiu County {{Giurgiu-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Câlniștea The Câlniștea is a right tributary of the river Neajlov in Romania. It discharges into the Neajlov in Călugăreni. Its length is and its basin size is .Angheluță Vădineanu, Carmen Postolache, Georgia Cosor, Teodora Pălărie, Costel Negrei, Magdalena Bucur – Case Study Report �The Neajlov Catchment/ref> It flows through the villages Botoroaga, Târnava, Tunari, Drăgănești-Vlașca, Bujoreni, Răsuceni, Prunaru, Carapancea, Naipu, Cămineasca, Schitu, Mirău, Stoenești, Ianculești, Hulubești, Uzunu and Călugăreni. Tributaries The following rivers are tributaries to the river Câlniștea: Left: Mutu, Câlniștea Mică, Cenușarul, Letca, Râiosul, Glavacioc Right: Slătioarele, Valea Albă, Valea lui Damian, Valea Porumbenilor, Ismar, Râcu, Iordana The Iordana is a right tributary of the river Câlniștea in Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]