Czerwony Sztandar (Lwów Newspaper)
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Czerwony Sztandar (Lwów Newspaper)
''Czerwony Sztandar'' (, ) was a Polish language daily newspaper, published by the Soviet occupation authorities in the city of Lwów (Lviv, Ukraine), between 5 October 1939 and June 1941, and then again between 1944 and 1950. Its circulation was 40,000 copies daily and the publication contained Soviet propaganda against the Second Polish Republic, clergy and the defeated Polish state authorities. The editor of the newspaper was Jan Brzoza. Among writers who published there were Wanda Wasilewska, Julian Stryjkowski, Lucjan Szenwald, Stanisław Jerzy Lec, Władysław Broniewski, Janina Broniewska, Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński and Leon Chwistek Leon Chwistek (Kraków, Austria-Hungary, 13 June 1884 – Barvikha near Moscow, Russia, 20 August 1944) was a Polish logician, philosopher, mathematician, avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art and literary critic. Career and philosoph .... In November 1939, a declaration of Polish writers was published in support of the incorpora ...
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Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ...
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Władysław Broniewski
Władysław Kazimierz Broniewski (17 December 1897 – 10 February 1962) was a Polish poet, writer, translator and soldier, known for his Revolution, revolutionary and Patriotism, patriotic writings. Life He was the son of Antoni, a bank clerk. As a young man, Broniewski joined in 1915 Polish Legions in World War I, the legions of Józef Piłsudski. As a member of the 1st Legions Infantry Regiment, he participated in the Polish–Soviet War and in 1920 fought in the Battle of Białystok. He was decorated for bravery with the order of Virtuti Militari. Broniewski developed Left-wing politics, leftist sympathies and by the late 1920s he was a revolutionary poet. In summer 1931, he was arrested during a literary meeting of writers connected with the Communist Party of Poland (KPP) along with Jan Hempel and Aleksander Wat. He was helped by Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski. When Poland was Invasion of Poland, attacked in 1939 by Germany, he wrote an important poem encouraging Poles ...
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Mass Media In Lviv
Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it d ...
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Soviet Occupation Of Eastern Poland 1939–1941
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the largest country by area, extending across eleven time zones and sharing borders with twelve countries, and the third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, its government and economy were highly centralized. As a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), it was a flagship communist state. Its capital and largest city was Moscow. The Soviet Union's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917. The new government, led by Vladimir Lenin, established the Russian SFSR, the world's first constitutionally communist state. The revolution was not accepted by all wi ...
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Communist Newspapers
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products in society based on need.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." A communist society entails the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the State (polity), state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a Libertarian socialism, libertarian socialist approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and an authoritarian socialism, authoritarian socialist, vanguardist, or communist party, party-driven approach to establish a socialist state, which i ...
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Newspapers Published In The Soviet Union
A newspaper is a Periodical literature, periodical publication containing written News, information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, Obituary, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of Subscription business model, subscription revenue, Newsagent's shop, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often Metonymy, metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published Printing, in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also Electronic publishing, published on webs ...
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Publications Disestablished In 1941
To publish is to make content available to the general public.Berne Convention, article 3(3)
URL last accessed 2025-05-23.
Universal Copyright Convention, Geneva text (1952), article VI
. URL last accessed 2010-05-10.
While specific use of the term may vary among countries, it is usually applied to , images, or other ...
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Newspapers Established In 1939
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports, art, and science. They often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely. Newspapers developed in the 17th cent ...
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Defunct Polish-language Newspapers
Defunct may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the process of becoming antiquated, out of date, old-fashioned, no longer in general use, or no longer useful, or the condition of being in such a state. When used in a biological sense, it means imperfect or rudimentary when comp ...
{{Disambiguation ...
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Nowe Widnokręgi
''Nowe Widnokręgi'' (Polish: ''New Horizons'') was a Polish language magazine initially published monthly, later once every two weeks and served as the official organ of the communist Union of Soviet Writers. It was published from February till June 1941 in Soviet-occupied Lwów. Despite its orientation, it differed from the earlier publication '' Czerwony Sztandar'', reflecting a more softened cultural policy of the Soviets vis-a-vis Polish culture.Caviar and ashes: a Warsaw generation's life and death in Marxism, 1918-1968. By Marci Shore. p. 178. Later, it was published in the Soviet hinterland. From 1943 it functioned as the organ of the Union of Polish Patriots, and its editor-in-chief was Wanda Wasilewska. Among the contributors of ''Nowe Widnokręgi'' were Mieczysław Jastrun, Stanisław Jerzy Lec, Leon Pasternak, Tadeusz Peiper, Julian Przyboś, Jerzy Putrament, Adam Ważyk Adam Ważyk born Ajzyk Wagman (17 November 1905 – 13 August 1982) was a Polish poet, essayi ...
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Leon Chwistek
Leon Chwistek (Kraków, Austria-Hungary, 13 June 1884 – Barvikha near Moscow, Russia, 20 August 1944) was a Polish logician, philosopher, mathematician, avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art and literary critic. Career and philosophy In 1919 he was one of the founders of the Polish Mathematical Society. From 1922, he lectured in mathematics for natural scientists at the Jagiellonian University, where he obtained his habilitation in 1928 in mathematical logic. Starting in 1929, Chwistek was a Professor of Logic at the University of Lwów in a position for which Alfred Tarski had also applied. His interests in the 1930s were in a general system of philosophy of science, which was published in a book translated in English 1948 as ''The Limits of Science''. In the 1920s–30s, many European philosophers attempted to reform traditional philosophy by means of mathematical logic. Leon Chwistek did not believe that such reform could succeed. He thought that reality could n ...
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Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński
Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan Żeleński (21 December 1874 – 4 July 1941), better known by his pen name Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński or simply as Boy, was a Polish stage writer, poet, critic and, above all, the translator of over 100 French literature , French literary classics into Polish language , Polish. He was a pediatrician and gynecology, gynecologist by profession. A notable personality in the Young Poland movement of to 1918, Boy was the ''enfant terrible'' of the Polish literature , Polish literary scene in the first half of the 20th century. He was murdered in July 1941 by Operation Barbarossa , invading German forces during what became known as the massacre of Lviv professors , massacre of the Lwów professors. Early life Tadeusz Kamil Marcjan Żeleński (of the Ciołek coat of arms, ''Ciołek'' coat-of-arms) was born on 21 December 1874 in Warsaw, to Wanda, ''née'' Grabowska, who was from a Frankist (Sabbateanism), Frankist family of converts to Catholicism,''Polin: Studi ...
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