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Czechoslovak President
The president of Czechoslovakia (, ) was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993. In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the prime minister. The second section lists the leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) from 1948 to 1989. The post was titled as chairman from 1948 to 1953, first secretary from 1953 to 1971, and general secretary from 1971 to 1989. After the 1948 coup d'état, the KSČ's leader held the real executive power in the country. However, three party leaders (Klement Gottwald, Antonín Novotný, and Gustáv Husák) also served as president at some point in their tenures. Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992) ;''Political parties'' ;''Other factions'' General secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989) Except for the final o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Standard Of The Czech Republic
The president of the Czech Republic, constitutionally defined as the President of the Republic (), is the head of state of the Czech Republic and the Commander-in-Chief#Czech Republic, commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The presidency has largely been shaped by its inaugural holder, Tomáš Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who assumed the office after the Czechoslovak declaration of independence was proclaimed in 1918. The Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920, 1920 Constitution granted the president substantial powers and Masaryk's political strength and popularity enabled the presidency to exert considerable influence over the Czech public life. In modern times, the president is largely a Ceremony, ceremonial figure with limited powers as the day-to-day business of the Government of the Czech Republic, executive government is entrusted to the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, prime minister, and many of the president's actions require prime ministe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Czechoslovak Coup D'état
In late February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia through a coup d'état. It marked the beginning of four decades of the party's rule in the country. The KSČ enjoyed a period of popularity following the reestablishment of pre-war Czechoslovakia. After a successful performance during the 1946 parliamentary election, party leader Klement Gottwald became prime minister of a coalition government at the behest of President Edvard Beneš. By summer 1947, however, the KSČ's popularity had significantly dwindled, and the party was expected to be soundly defeated in the May 1948 elections. This, along with the electoral failures of the French and Italian communist parties, prompted Joseph Stalin to harden his approach and order Gottwald to seize power. On 21 February 1948, twelve non-Communist ministers resigned in protest. They objected to Gottwald's refusal to stop packing th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Czechoslovak Presidential Election
The 1934 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 24 May 1934. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was elected for his fourth term. Background Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was 84 years old when his third term concluded. He wanted Edvard Beneš to become his successor but Beneš didn't have required support and Masaryk decided to run instead of him. Masaryk had to deal with poor health and suffered a stroke prior to election. Communist Party of Czechoslovakia nominated Klement Gottwald as its candidate; he would later go on to serve as president between 1948 and 1953, following the coup in 1948. Procedure President was elected by bicameral parliament that consisted of 300 Deputies and 150 Senators. Candidate needed 60% of votes to be elected. Voting 418 electors voted. Masaryk received 327 votes while Gottwald received 38 votes. 53 Ballots were blank. Aftermath Masaryk resigned on 14 December 1935 and Edvard Beneš was elected his successor. References {{Czechoslovak presidential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1927 Czechoslovak Presidential Election
The 1927 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 27 May 1927. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was elected for his third term. His main rival was Communist Václav Šturc. Background Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was president of Czechoslovakia since 1918. His second term concluded in 1927. He decided to seek another term but stated that he wouldn't participate in the second round if he wasn't elected during the first. The Republican Party of Farmers and Peasants nominated Antonín Švehla who became the strongest of Masaryk's competitor. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia nominated Václav Šturc. Masaryk's reelection became uncertain as he would have withdrawn from election if he wasn't elected in the first round. Procedure The President was elected by bicameral parliament that consisted of 300 Deputies and 150 Senators. A candidate needed 60% of votes to be elected. Voting Švehla withdrew from the election before the voting started. Šturc was Masaryk's only rival. 286 Deputi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 Czechoslovak Presidential Election
The 1920 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 27 May 1920. It was the first contested presidential election. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk has won his second term against German theologian August Naegle. Procedure President was elected by bicameral parliament that consisted of 281 Deputies and 142 Senators. Candidate needed at least 247 votes to be elected. Candidates *Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the incumbent president and a candidate of governing coalition. * August Naegle, candidate of German minority. There were also two names written on protest ballot: Alois Muna, candidate of left fraction of social democrats (later Communist) and Antonín Janoušek, Communist radical, former leader of Slovak Soviet Republic. Election Masaryk received 284 votes and was elected for his second term. References {{Czechoslovak presidential elections Presidential 1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Czechoslovak Presidential Election
The 1918 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 14 November 1918. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was elected the first Czechoslovak president. The election was uncontested and Masaryk was elected by Acclamation. Election Czechoslovakia was established as a result of fall of Austria-Hungary. Masaryk was leader of Czechoslovak resistance against the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was the only candidate. The parliament decided to elect him by acclamation for a two-year term. References {{Czechoslovak presidential elections Presidential 1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ... Czechoslovak presidential election, 1918 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavs, West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common Bohemia, ancestry, Czech culture, culture, History of the Czech lands, history, and the Czech language. Ethnic Czechs were called Bohemians in English language, English until the early 20th century, referring to the former name of their country, Bohemia, which in turn was adapted from the late Iron Age tribe of Celtic Boii. During the Migration Period, West Slavic Bohemians (tribe), tribes settled in the area, "assimilated the remaining Celtic and Germanic populations", and formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of Great Moravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors of the modern republic. The Czech diaspora is found in notable numbers in the Czech American, United States, Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1925
Tomáš () is a Czech and Slovak given name, equivalent to the name Thomas. Tomáš is also a surname (feminine: Tomášová). Notable people with the name include: Given name Sport *Tomáš Berdych (born 1985), Czech tennis player * Tomáš Chorý (born 1995), Czech footballer *Tomáš Cibulec (born 1978), Czech tennis player * Tomáš Čvančara (born 2000), Czech footballer * Tomáš Dvořák (born 1972), Czech athlete *Tomáš Enge (born 1976), Czech motor racing driver * Tomáš Fleischmann (born 1984), Czech ice hockey player * Tomáš Holeš (born 1993), Czech footballer * Tomáš Hübschman (born 1981), Czech footballer * Tomáš Kaberle (born 1978), Czech ice hockey player * Tomáš Klíma (born 1990), Slovak ice hockey player * Tomáš Kopecký (born 1982), Slovak ice hockey player * Tomáš Kramný (born 1973), Czech ice hockey player * Tomáš Kratochvíl (born 1971), Czech race walker *Tomas Mezera (born 1958), Czech-Australian racing driver * Tomáš Oravec (born 1980) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Politician
An independent politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or Bureaucracy, bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party and therefore they choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In some cases, a politician may be a member of an unregistered party and therefore officially recognised as an independent. Officeholders may become independents after losing or r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Forum
The Civic Forum (, OF) was a political movement in the Czech part of Czechoslovakia, established during the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The corresponding movement in Slovakia was called Public Against Violence ( – VPN). The Civic Forum's purpose was to unify the dissident forces in Czechoslovakia and to overthrow the Communist regime. In this, they succeeded when the Communists gave up power in November 1989 after only 10 days of protests. Playwright Václav Havel, its leader and founder, was elected president on 29 December 1989. Although the Forum did not have a clear political strategy beyond the June 1990 elections, it campaigned successfully in March and April 1990 during the first free elections in Czechoslovakia since 1946. Those elections garnered Civic Forum 36 percent of the vote, the highest that a Czechoslovak party ever obtained in a free election. This netted it 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; combined with Public Against Violence's 19 seats, it commanded a st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech National Social Party
The Czech National Social Party (Czech language, Czech: ''Česká strana národně sociální'', ČSNS) is a political party in the Czech Republic, that played an important role in Czechoslovakia during the interwar period and then between 1945 and 1948. After 1989, its influence gradually became completely marginalized. Currently, the party is nationalist and cooperates with extremist parties. It was established in 1897 by break-away groups from both the national liberal Young Czech Party and the Czech Social Democratic Party, with a stress on achieving independence of the Czech lands from Austria-Hungary (as opposed to the Social Democrats' aim for an international workers' revolution). Its variant of socialism was moderate and Reformism, reformist rather than a Marxism, Marxist one. After the National Labour Party (1925), National Labour Party dissolved and merged with National Socialists in 1930, the party also became the refuge for Czech liberals. Its best-known member was Edva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustáv Husák
Gustáv Husák ( , ; ; 10 January 1913 – 18 November 1991) was a Czechoslovak politician who served as the long-time First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1969 to 1987 and the President of Czechoslovakia from 1975 to 1989. His rule is known for the period of normalization after the 1968 Prague Spring. Early life Gustáv Husák was born to an unemployed worker in Pozsonyhidegkút, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary (now Bratislava- Dúbravka, Slovakia). He joined the Communist Youth Union at the age of sixteen while studying at the grammar school in Bratislava. In 1933, when he started his studies at the law faculty of the Comenius University in Bratislava, he joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) which was banned from 1938 to 1945. During World War II, he was periodically jailed by the Jozef Tiso government for illegal Communist activities. He was one of the leaders of the 1944 Slovak National Uprising against Nazi Germany and T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
