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Csikós A Kőrösi Pusztán
The ''csikós'' (, singular) is a horse-mounted herdsman of Hungary. The csikós tradition is closely associated with the Hungarian ''puszta'', the temperate grasslands of the Great Hungarian Plain, which encompasses the largest stretches of the greater Pannonian Basin. In recent times, csikós have been particularly tied to the environs of Debrecen and Hortobágy National Park, the latter deploying csikós to watch over and maintain large herds of free-ranging native Hungarian ungulate breeds, including cattle, horses and sheep. The csikós tradition is also tied to the Nonius, a breed of horse with an epicentre of breeding in the Máta Stud, located some 3 kilometres from Hortobágy. Images Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83757.jpg, Csikós on a white horse, 1935 Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83753.jpg, Csikós on bay horses, 1935 Hungria - Bugac - panoramio.jpg, Hungarian post Puszta-Five.jpg, Hungarian post See also * Betyárs *Hajduk (soldiers) A hajduk (, pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debrecen
Debrecen ( ; ; ; ) is Hungary's cities of Hungary, second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain Regions of Hungary, region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres.Antal Papp: Magyarország (Hungary), Panoráma, Budapest, 1982, , p. 860, pp. 463-477 Debrecen was also the List of historical capitals of Hungary, capital city of Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church of Debrecen, Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen. Etymology There are at least three narratives of the origin of the city's name. The city is first documented in 1235, as ''De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hajduk (soldiers)
A hajduk (, plural of ) is a type of irregular infantry found in Central, Eastern, and parts of Southeast Europe from the late 16th to mid 19th centuries, especially from Hajdú-Bihar county. They have reputations ranging from bandits to freedom fighters depending on time, place, and their enemies. In the European lands of the Ottoman Empire, the term ''hajduk'' was used to describe bandits and brigands of the Balkans, while in Central Europe for the West Slavs, Hungarians, and Germans, and Eastern Europe for the Ukrainians, it was used to refer to outlaws who protected Christians against provocative actions by the Ottomans. By the 17th century they were firmly established in the Ottoman Balkans, owing to increased taxes, Christian victories against the Ottomans, and a general decline in security. Hajduk bands predominantly numbered one hundred men each, with a firm hierarchy under one leader. They targeted Ottoman representatives and rich people, mainly rich Turks, for p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortobágy
Hortobágy is a village in Hajdú-Bihar County in eastern Hungary. It lies on the banks of the river, which is crossed at Hortobágy by the Nine-arched Bridge, one of the principal man-made monuments of the Hortobágy National Park. The park consists mainly of the remaining areas of Hungarian puszta. 2016 explosive incident On 1 July 2016, 4 demolition experts of the Hungarian Defence Force The Hungarian Defence Forces (, ) is the national armed forces, defence force of Hungary. Since 2007, the Hungarian Armed Forces has been under a unified command structure. The Ministry of Defence maintains political and civil control over the ar ... were killed and another seriously injured while attempting to detonate a 250 kilogram Russian-made fragmentation bomb manufactured shortly after WW2. The incident took place at a firing range within the Hortobágy National Park. The firing range covers 4,000 hectares (about 9,800 acres) and has been used for practice by the Hungarian arme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonius Horse
The Nonius () is a Hungarian horse breed named after its Anglo-Norman foundation sire. Generally dark in color, it is a muscular and heavy-boned breed, similar in type to other light draft and driving horses. The breed was developed at the Imperial Stud at Mezőhegyes, Hungary by careful linebreeding. Originally bred to serve as a light draft and utility horse for Hungary's military, the breed became a useful agricultural horse during the 20th century. The depredations of World War II significantly reduced the Nonius' population, and in the decades after the war, a downturn in the usage of horses in Hungary sent many members of the breed to slaughter. Today the breed is bred by preservationists and is used in agriculture, leisure riding, and competitive driving sports. The largest numbers of Nonius horses are still found at Mezőhegyes, with representatives in other eastern European nations as well. Breed characteristics Close linebreeding during the breed's establishment an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ungulate
Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Euungulata ("true ungulates"), which primarily consists of large mammals with Hoof, hooves. Once part of the clade "Ungulata" along with the clade Paenungulata, "Ungulata" has since been determined to be a polyphyletic and thereby invalid clade based on molecular data. As a result, true ungulates had since been reclassified to the newer clade Euungulata in 2001 within the clade Laurasiatheria while Paenungulata has been reclassified to a distant clade Afrotheria. Living ungulates are divided into two orders: Perissodactyla including Equidae, equines, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and Artiodactyla including Bos, cattle, antelope, Sus (genus), pigs, giraffes, camels, Ovis, sheep, deer, and Hippopotamidae, hippopotamuses, among others. Cetaceans such as Whale, whales, Dolphin, dolphins, and Porpoise, porpoises are also classified as artiodactyls, although they do not have hooves. Most terrestrial ungulates use the hoofed tips of their toes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hortobágy National Park
Hortobágy () is an 800 km2 national park in eastern Hungary, rich with folklore and cultural history. The park, a part of the Alföld (Great Plain), was designated as a national park in 1973 (the first in Hungary), and elected among the World Heritage Sites in 1999. The Hortobágy is Hungary's largest protected area, and the largest semi-natural grassland in Europe. Until recently it was believed that this alkaline steppe was formed by the clear cutting of huge forests in the Middle Ages, followed by measures to control the course of the Tisza River, allegedly resulting in the soil's current structure and pH. However, Hortobágy is much older, with alkalinization estimated to have started ten thousand years ago, when the Tisza first found its way through the Great Hungarian Plain, cutting off many streams from their sources in the Northern Mountains. The formation was finished by grazing animals and wild horses during the Ice Age, followed by domesticated animals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeastern Central Europe. After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene Epoch, however some consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topologically erroneous. Terminology The term Pannonian Plain refers to the lowland parts of the Pannonian Basin as well as those of some adjoining regions like Lower Austria, Moravia, and Silesia (Czech Republic and Poland). The lands adjoining the plain proper are sometimes also called ''peri-Pannonian''. In English language, the terms "Pannonian Basin" and "Carpathian Basin" may sometimes be used synonymously, although the latter holds an irredentist Hungarian connotation. The name "Pannon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Csikós A Kőrösi Pusztán
The ''csikós'' (, singular) is a horse-mounted herdsman of Hungary. The csikós tradition is closely associated with the Hungarian ''puszta'', the temperate grasslands of the Great Hungarian Plain, which encompasses the largest stretches of the greater Pannonian Basin. In recent times, csikós have been particularly tied to the environs of Debrecen and Hortobágy National Park, the latter deploying csikós to watch over and maintain large herds of free-ranging native Hungarian ungulate breeds, including cattle, horses and sheep. The csikós tradition is also tied to the Nonius, a breed of horse with an epicentre of breeding in the Máta Stud, located some 3 kilometres from Hortobágy. Images Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83757.jpg, Csikós on a white horse, 1935 Hungary, Hortobágy Fortepan 83753.jpg, Csikós on bay horses, 1935 Hungria - Bugac - panoramio.jpg, Hungarian post Puszta-Five.jpg, Hungarian post See also * Betyárs *Hajduk (soldiers) A hajduk (, pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Hungarian Plain
The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, or ) is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of the ancient Roman province Pannonia). Its territory significantly shrank due to its eastern and southern boundaries being adjusted by the new political borders created after World War I when the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920. Boundaries Its boundaries are the Carpathians in the north and east, the Transdanubian Mountains and the Dinaric Alps in the southwest, and approximately the Sava river in the south. Geography Plain in Hungary Its territory covers approximately of Hungary, approximately 56% of its total area of . The highest point of the plain is Hoportyó (); the lowest point is the Tisza River. The terrain ranges from flat to rolling plains. The most important Hungarian writers inspired by and associated wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grassland
A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceous plant, herbs. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica and are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. Furthermore, grasslands are one of the largest biomes on Earth and dominate the landscape worldwide. There are different types of grasslands: natural grasslands, semi-natural grasslands, and agricultural grasslands. They cover 31–69% of the Earth's land area. Definitions Included among the variety of definitions for grasslands are: * "...any plant community, including harvested forages, in which grasses and/or legumes make up the dominant vegetation." * "...terrestrial ecosystems dominated by herbaceous and shrub vegetation, and maintained by fire, grazing, drought and/or freezing temperatures." (Pilot Assessm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
