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Crown Shyness
Crown shyness (also ''canopy disengagement'', ''canopy shyness'', or ''inter-crown spacing'') is a phenomenon observed in some tree species, in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other, forming a canopy with channel-like gaps. The phenomenon is most prevalent among trees of the same species, but also occurs between trees of different species. There exist many hypotheses as to why crown shyness is an adaptive behavior, and research suggests that it might inhibit spread of leaf-eating insect larvae. Possible physiological explanations The exact physiological basis of crown shyness is uncertain. The phenomenon has been discussed in scientific literature since the 1920s. The variety of hypotheses and experimental results might suggest that there are multiple mechanisms across different species, an example of convergent evolution. Some hypotheses contend that the interdigitation of canopy branches leads to "reciprocal pruning" of adjacent trees: trees in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Aromatica Canopy
''Dryobalanops'' is a genus of flowering plants and the genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The name ''Dryobalanops'' is derived from Greek (''dryas'' = a nymph associated with oaks and ''balanops'' = acorn) and describes the acorn-like nut. The genus has seven species, confined to the tropical forests of western Malesia (Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). It is among the most abundant species of emergent trees in these forests, growing up to 80 m tall. The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and sold under the trade name Kapur. The timber is an important heavy and durable construction timber. ''D. aromatica'' was an important source of camphor. As the trees mature, they mutually avoid touching each other in a phenomenon known as crown shyness. See also * Kapur (wood) Kapur (or kapor) is a Dipterocarp timber classification, dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus ''Dryobalanops'' found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytochrome
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi. They respond to light in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum and can be classed as either Type I, which are activated by far-red light, or Type II that are activated by red light. Recent advances have suggested that phytochromes also act as temperature sensors, as warmer temperatures enhance their de-activation. All of these factors contribute to the plant's ability to germinate. Phytochromes control many aspects of plant development. They regulate the germination of seeds (photoblasty), the synthesis of chlorophyll, the elongation of seedlings, the size, shape and number and movement of leaves and the timing of flowering in adult plants. Phytochromes are widely expressed across many tissues and developmental stages. Other plant photoreceptors include cryptochromes and phototropins, which respond to blue and ultraviolet-A light and UVR8, which is sensitive to ultraviol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterocymbium Beccarii
''Pterocymbium'' is a genus in the family Malvaceae: in the subfamily Sterculioideae and previously placed in the Sterculiaceae. In Indonesia, ''P. tinctorium'' (''Kelumbuk'') is a significant timber tree. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' currently (2019) lists the following accepted species: * '' Pterocymbium beccarii'' K.Schum. - New Guinea * '' Pterocymbium dongnaiense'' Pierre - Laos and Vietnam§ * '' Pterocymbium dussaudii'' Tardieu - Laos * '' Pterocymbium macranthum'' Kosterm. - Thailand and Myanmar * '' Pterocymbium micranthum'' Mildbr. - Bismarck Archipelago * '' Pterocymbium oceanicum'' A.C.Sm. - Fiji * '' Pterocymbium parviflorum'' Merr. - Borneo * '' Pterocymbium splendens'' Kosterm. - Borneo * '' Pterocymbium stipitatum'' C.T.White & W.D.Francis n- New Guinea * '' Pterocymbium tinctorium'' (Blanco) Merr. – Indo-China, Malesia (including Philippines) * '' Pterocymbium tubulatum'' (Mast.) Pierre – Peninsular Malaysia * '' Pterocymbium viridiflorum'' Teijsm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtis Spinosa
''Celtis spinosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including '' Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberri ..., native to seasonally dry tropical South America. It is a shrub typically tall, with yellowish-green flowers. References spinosa Flora of Venezuela Flora of West-Central Brazil Flora of Northeast Brazil Flora of Southeast Brazil Flora of South Brazil Flora of Paraguay Flora of Northeast Argentina Flora of Northwest Argentina Flora of Uruguay Plants described in 1824 {{Rosales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusia Alata
''Clusia alata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae .... Leaves are distinctly obovate. Flowers are cream colored and 5-petaled. Found in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, generally at elevations between 2000 and 2500 m. Notes alata Trees of Peru {{Clusiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schefflera
''Schefflera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae with 13 species native to New Zealand and some Pacific islands. The genus is named in honor of , physician and botanist of Gdańsk, and later of Warsaw, who contributed plants to for Reyger's book, ''Tentamen Florae Gedanensis''. Taxonomy The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely used broad circumscription was polyphyletic, so most of its hundreds of species have been reassigned to other genera. Molecular analyses have recovered five polyphyletic clades of ''Schefflera'', all of which are geographically isolated from one another yet share similar traits indicating parallel evolution. These clades have been split into separate genera, primarily along geographical lines, with ''Schefflera'' now consisting of thirteen species restricted to New Zealand and some Pacific islands. The houseplant popularly known as "Schefflera" is now '' Heptapleurum arbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avicennia Germinans
''Avicennia germinans'', the black mangrove, is a shrub or small tree growing up to 12 meters (39 feet) in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and on the Atlantic Coast of tropical Africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores where seawater reaches. It is common throughout coastal areas of Texas and Florida, and ranges as far north as southern Louisiana and northern Florida in the United States. Like many other mangrove species, it reproduces by vivipary. Seeds are encased in a fruit, which reveals the germinated seedling when it falls into the water. Unlike other mangrove species, it does not grow on prop roots, but possesses pneumatophores that allow its roots to breathe even when submerged. It is a hardy species and expels absorbed salt mainly from its leathery leaves. The name "black mangrove" refers to the color of the trunk and heartwood. The leaves oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Contorta
''Pinus contorta'', with the common names lodgepole pine and shore pine, and also known as twisted pine, and contorta pine, is a common tree in western North America. It is common near the ocean shore and in dry montane forests to the subalpine zone, subalpine, but is rare in lowland temperate rainforest, rain forests. Like all pines (member species of the genus ''Pinus''), it is an evergreen conifer. Description Depending on subspecies, ''Pinus contorta'' grows as an evergreen shrub or tree. The shrub form is krummholz and is approximately high. The thin and narrow-crowned tree can grow high and achieve up to in diameter at chest height. The ''murrayana'' subspecies is the tallest. The Crown (botany), crown is rounded and the top of the tree is flattened. In dense forests, the tree has a slim, conical crown. The formation of twin trees is common in some populations in British Columbia. The elastic branches stand upright or overhang and are difficult to break. The branches a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalypt
Eucalypt is any woody plant with Capsule (fruit), capsule fruiting bodies belonging to one of seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australia: ''Eucalyptus'', ''Corymbia'', ''Angophora'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum''. In Australia, they are commonly known as gum trees or stringybarks. Taxonomy For an example of changing historical perspectives, in 1991, largely genetic evidence indicated that some prominent ''Eucalyptus'' species were actually more closely related to ''Angophora'' than to other eucalypts; they were accordingly split off into the new genus ''Corymbia''. Although separate, all of these genera and their species are allied and it remains the standard to refer to the members of all seven genera ''Angophora'', ''Corymbia'', ''Eucalyptus'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyncarpia'', ''Eucalyptopsis'' and ''Arillastrum'' as "eucalypts" or as the eucalypt group. The extant genera ''Stockwellia'', ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops Lanceolata
''Dryobalanops lanceolata'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (' = shaped like the head of a spear) and refers to the shape of the leaf. This species is Endemism, endemic to Borneo. It is common in protected areas, although elsewhere it has suffered modest population decline due to logging and land conversion. It is an immense Rainforest#Emergent layer, emergent tree, up to 80 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on clay-rich soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the dipterocarp timber classification, timber trade name kapur. References Dryobalanops, lanceolata Endemic dipterocarps of Borneo Taxa named by William Burck Flora of the Borneo lowland rain forests {{Dipterocarpaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryobalanops
''Dryobalanops'' is a genus of flowering plants and the genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The name ''Dryobalanops'' is derived from Greek (''dryas'' = a nymph associated with oaks and ''balanops'' = acorn) and describes the acorn-like nut. The genus has seven species, confined to the tropical forests of western Malesia (Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). It is among the most abundant species of emergent trees in these forests, growing up to 80 m tall. The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees and sold under the trade name Kapur. The timber is an important heavy and durable construction timber. ''D. aromatica'' was an important source of camphor. As the trees mature, they mutually avoid touching each other in a phenomenon known as crown shyness. See also * Kapur (wood) Kapur (or kapor) is a Dipterocarp timber classification, dipterocarp hardwood from trees of the genus ''Dryobalanops'' found in lowland tropical rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabidopsis Thaliana
''Arabidopsis thaliana'', the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally considered a weed. A winter annual with a relatively short lifecycle, ''A. thaliana'' is a popular model organism in plant biology and genetics. For a complex multicellular eukaryote, ''A. thaliana'' has a relatively small genome of around 135 Base pair#Length measurements, megabase pairs. It was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, and is an important tool for understanding the molecular biology of many plant traits, including flower development and phototropism, light sensing. Description ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' is an annual plant, annual (rarely biennial plant, biennial) plant, usually growing to 20–25 cm tall. The leaf, leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant, with a few leaves also on the flowering Plant ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
