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Cronartium Ribicola2
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust (fungus), rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Virginia Pine, Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Ponderosa Pine, Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': Pinus classification, ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': Pinus classifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Ribicola
''Cronartium ribicola'' is a species of rust (fungus), rust fungus in the family Cronartiaceae that causes the disease white pine blister rust. Other names include: (French), (German), (Spanish). Origin ''Cronartium ribicola'' is native to China, and was introduced to North America. The rust was first discovered on currants in Geneva, New York in 1906. It was first seen on imported white pine seedlings from European nurseries in 1909. Some European and Asian white pines (e.g. Macedonian Pine, Macedonian pine, Swiss Pine, Swiss pine and Blue Pine, blue pine) are mostly resistant to the disease, having Coevolution, co-evolved with the pathogen. Invasive species It was accidentally introduced species, introduced into North America in approximately 1900, where it is an invasive species causing serious damage to the American white pines, which have little genetic resistance. Mortality is particularly heavy in western white pine, Sugar Pine, sugar pine, Limber Pine, limber pine and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Comandrae
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *'' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *'' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Quercuum
''Cronartium quercuum'', also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (''Pinus'' spp.) and oak (''Quercus'' spp.) trees. Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine. Hosts and symptoms The pathogen requires pine and oak trees to complete its life cycle. Aecial hosts in North America are two- and three-needled ''Pinus'' species. ''Pinus'' hosts include Austrian ('' P. nigra''), Jack pine ('' P. banksiana''), Mugo pine ('' P. mugo''), Red pine ('' P. resinosa''), Ponderosa pine ('' P. ponderosa''), and Scots pine ('' P. sylvestris''). Telial hosts are ''Quercus'' species. ''Quercus'' hosts are generally made up of the red oak group and include Northern pin oak ('' Q. ellipsoidalis''), Bur oak ('' Q. macrocarpa''), Pin oak ('' Q. palustris''), and Northern red oak ('' Q. rubra''). Galls start to form as slight, rounded swelling on the tree stem, then grow to become spherical an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen. Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene. Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades, but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest. They live in association with many kinds of fungi including truffles. Oaks support more than 950 species of caterpillar, many kinds of gall wasp which form distinctive galls (roundish woody lumps such as the oak apple), and a large number of pests and diseases. Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Orientale
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *'' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *'' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot Order (biology), order Saxifragales. The Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of Molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus ''Saxifraga''. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America. Description Species are Herbaceous plant, herbaceous Perennial plant, perennials (rarely Annual plant, annual or biennial plant, biennial), sometimes Succulent plant, succulent or Xerophyte, xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The Leaf, leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Occidentale
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *'' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *'' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia
Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilisations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. Asia shares the landmass of Eurasia with Europe, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. In general terms, it is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a social constructionism, historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. A commonly accepted division places Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa; and to the east of the Turkish straits, the Ural Mountains an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Flaccidum
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *'' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. They are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (Calybium and cupule, cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed, and both petiole (botany), petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus ''Quercus'', the fruit is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Other members of the family have fully enclosed nuts. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Conigenum
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *'' Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
