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Cramlington, Northumberland
Cramlington is a town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in Northumberland. It is north of Newcastle upon Tyne. The name suggests a probable founding by the Danes (Germanic tribe), Danes or Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxons. The population was 28,843 as of 2021 census data from Northumberland County Council. It sits on the border between Northumberland and North Tyneside with the traffic interchange at Moor Farm, Annitsford, linking the two areas. The area of East Cramlington lies east of the A189 road, A189, on the B1326 road that connects the town to Seaton Delaval. History The first record of the Manor of Cramlington is from a mention in 1135 when the land was granted to Nicholas de Grenville. A register of early chaplains begins with John the Clerk of Cramlington (c. 1163–1180). The register continues to the present day. From the 12th century onwards, its history has been mostly rural, incorporating several farms and the parish Church (building), church of St. Nich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northumberland County Council
Northumberland County Council is the Local government in England, local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Northumberland in North East England. Since 2009 it has been a Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority, having also taken over district-level functions when the county's districts were abolished. The council has been under no overall control since 2021, being led by a Conservative Party (UK), Conservative minority administration. It is based at County Hall, Morpeth. Since 2024 the council has been a member of the North East Mayoral Combined Authority. History Elected county councils were established in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, taking over administrative functions previously carried out by unelected magistrates at the quarter sessions. The city of Newcastle upon Tyne had been a county corporate since 1400 with its own quarter sessions, and Newcastle's independence from the county was maintained by making it a county borough. The county ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afterdamp
Afterdamp is the toxic mixture of gases left in a mine following an explosion caused by methane-rich firedamp, which itself can initiate a much larger explosion of coal dust. The term is etymologically and practically related to other terms for underground mine gases—such as firedamp, white damp, and black damp, with afterdamp being composed, rather, primarily by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen, with highly toxic stinkdamp-constituent hydrogen sulfide possibly also present. However, the high content of carbon monoxide is the component that kills, preferentially combining with haemoglobin in the blood and thus depriving victims of oxygen. Globally, afterdamp has caused many of the casualties in disasters of pit coalfields, including British, such as the Senghenydd colliery disaster. Such disasters continue to afflict working mines, for instance in mainland China. Etymology The meaning of "damp" in this term, while most commonly understood to imply humidity, pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 United Kingdom General Strike
The 1926 general strike in the United Kingdom was a general strike that lasted nine days, from 4 to 12 May 1926. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the British government to act to prevent wage reductions and worsening conditions for 1.2 million locked-out coal mining, coal miners. Some 1.7 million workers went out, especially in transport and heavy industry. It was a sympathy strike, with many of those who were not miners and not directly affected striking to support the locked-out miners. The government was well prepared, and enlisted middle class volunteers to maintain essential services. There was little violence and the TUC gave up in defeat. Causes From 1914 to 1918, the United Kingdom History of the United Kingdom during the First World War, participated in World War I. Heavy domestic use of coal during the war depleted once-rich Coal seam, seams. Britain exported less coal during the war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flying Scotsman (train)
The ''Flying Scotsman'' is an express passenger train service that operates between Edinburgh and London, the capitals of Scotland and England, respectively, via the East Coast Main Line. The service began in 1862 as the ''Special Scotch Express'' until it was officially adopted in 1924. It is currently operated by London North Eastern Railway. History The East Coast Main Line over which the ''Flying Scotsman'' service runs was built in the 19th century by many small railway companies, but mergers and acquisitions led to only three companies controlling the route; the North British Railway (NBR), the North Eastern Railway (NER) and the Great Northern Railway (GNR). In 1860 the three companies established the East Coast Joint Stock for through services using common vehicles, and it is from this agreement that the ''Flying Scotsman'' came about. Operation The first ''Special Scotch Express'' ran in 1862, with simultaneous departures at 10:00 from the GNR's London Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LNER Gresley Classes A1 And A3
The London and North Eastern Railway Gresley Classes A1 and A3 were "Pacific" steam locomotives designed by Nigel Gresley for passenger work. They were initially intended for use on the Great Northern Railway (Great Britain), Great Northern Railway (GNR), but became a standard design on the London and North Eastern Railway after the Railways Act 1921, amalgamation of 1923. The change in class designation from A1 to A3 reflected the fitting to the same chassis of a higher pressure boiler with a greater superheater, superheating surface and a small reduction in cylinder diameter, leading to an increase in locomotive weight and power. Eventually all bar one of the A1 locomotives were rebuilt in this way, but no. 4470 was completely rebuilt as a LNER Thompson Class A1/1, Class A1/1. The List of LNER Class A1/A3 locomotives, names for the locomotives came from a variety of sources. The first, ''GNR Class A1 1470 Great Northern, Great Northern'', was named after its parent company. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biggles
James Charles Bigglesworth, nicknamed "Biggles", is a fictional pilot and adventurer, the Title role#Title character, title character and Protagonist, hero of the ''Biggles'' series of adventure books, written for young readers by W. E. Johns (1893–1968). Biggles made his first appearance in the story "The White Fokker", published in the first issue of ''Popular Flying'' magazine and again as part of the first collection of Biggles stories, ''The Camels Are Coming'' (both 1932). Johns continued to write "Biggles books" until his death in 1968. The Book series, series eventually included nearly a hundred volumes – novels as well as short story collections – most of the latter with a common setting and time. The chronology of the canon, spanning both world wars, set up certain inconsistencies over the unavoidable ageing of Biggles and his friends. Also later editions had to be somewhat edited in line with changing norms of acceptability, especially regarding race, and in vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airships
An airship, dirigible balloon or dirigible is a type of aerostat (lighter-than-air) aircraft that can navigate through the air flying under its own power. Aerostats use buoyancy from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air to achieve the lift needed to stay airborne. In early dirigibles, the lifting gas used was hydrogen, due to its high lifting capacity and ready availability, but the inherent flammability led to several fatal accidents that rendered hydrogen airships obsolete. The alternative lifting gas, helium gas is not flammable, but is rare and relatively expensive. Significant amounts were first discovered in the United States and for a while helium was only available for airship usage in North America. Most airships built since the 1960s have used helium, though some have used hot air. The envelope of an airship may form the gasbag, or it may contain a number of gas-filled cells. An airship also has engines, crew, and optionally also payload acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cramlington Aerodrome
Cramlington Aerodrome was a military airfield established in Northumberland during the World War I, First World War. It became a civil airfield serving the Tyneside area of north-east England and operated until 1935, when it was replaced by Woolsington Airport, now known as Newcastle International Airport. History Military In response to German Zeppelin airship raids over the industrially important Tyneside area in 1915, a flight of three Royal Flying Corps (RFC) Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2#B.E.2c, B.E.2c fighters were based at a field near Cramlington in late November to defend against further raids. The aircraft arrived on 1 December 1915 and were housed in canvas hangars. The site was chosen as it was higher and thus less prone to fog than local coastal locations. The British Army and Royal Navy at first debated who should operate the field, with the army winning, and on 1 February 1916 No. 36 Squadron RAF, No. 36 (Home Defence) Squadron was officially formed and three hanga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commuter Town
A commuter town is a populated area that is primarily residential rather than commercial or industrial. Routine travel from home to work and back is called commuting, which is where the term comes from. A commuter town may be called by many other terms: "bedroom community" (Canada and northeastern US), "bedroom town", "bedroom suburb" (US), "dormitory town" (UK). The term " exurb" was used from the 1950s, but since 2006, is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. Causes Often commuter towns form when workers in a region cannot afford to live where they work and must seek residency in another town with a lower cost of living. The late 20th century, the dot-com bubble and United States housing bubble drove housing costs in Californian metropolitan areas to historic highs, spawning exurban growth in adjacent counties. Workers with jobs in San Francisco found themselves moving further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Housing Estate
A housing estate (or sometimes housing complex, housing development, subdivision (land), subdivision or community) is a group of homes and other buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Popular throughout the United States and the United Kingdom, they often consist of single-family detached home, single family detached, semi-detached ("duplex") or Terraced house, terraced homes, with separate ownership of each dwelling unit. Building density depends on local planning norms. In major Asian cities, such as Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Seoul, Taipei, and Tokyo, an estate may range from detached houses to high-density tower blocks with or without commercial facilities; in Europe and America, these may take the form of town housing, high-rise housing projects, or the older-style rows of terraced houses associated with the Industrial Revolution, detached or semi-detached houses with small plots o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellway
Bellway plc is a residential property developer and home construction, housebuilder based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. History The company was founded in 1946 by John Thomas Bell and his sons, John and Russell, as a housebuilder operating in Newcastle upon Tyne under the name ''John T. Bell & Sons''. In 1951, Kenneth Bell, the youngest of the brothers, joined the business. The three brothers also developed commercial property in the 1950s and their company, North British Properties, was initial public offering, floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1961. Two years later, North British acquired John T Bell via a reverse takeover. The Bell family managed to tap into the huge demand for private housing that followed the Second World War by promoting developments, such as Cramlington New Town, that were built in partnership with William Leech plc, William Leech in the early 1960s. Bellw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
