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Court Officials Of The Kingdom Of Georgia
The court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, were in charge of the royal court. The chronological lists below are not exhaustive, since there exist large gaps in the historical record. Majordomo The majordomo (Georgian: msakhurtukhutsesi) was the chief official of the court. Chancellor The Chancellor (Georgian: ''mtsignobartukhutsesi'') was the head of the government. Treasurer The treasurer (Georgian: ''mechurchletukhutsesi'') was the official responsible for running the treasury. Master of ceremonies The master of ceremonies (Georgian: ''Mandaturtukhutsesi'') was responsible for conducting ceremonies such as coronations and receptions of foreign ambassadors. Marshal The marshal (Georgian: ''amirspasalar'') had charge of the royal stables, i.e. "Commander-in-Chief" of the army. Tutor The tutor (Georgian: Atabeg, a''tabeg'') came to be denominated as Samtskhe-Saatabago, the latter element meaning "of the atabags".Cyril Toumanoff, Toumanoff, Cyril (1967). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mural Representing Khutlubuga
A mural is any piece of Graphic arts, graphic artwork that is painted or applied directly to a wall, ceiling or other permanent substrate. Mural techniques include fresco, mosaic, graffiti and marouflage. Word mural in art The word ''mural'' is a Spanish adjective that is used to refer to what is attached to a wall. The term ''mural'' later became a noun. In art, the word began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1906, Dr. Atl issued a manifesto calling for the development of a monumental public art movement in Mexico; he named it in Spanish ''pintura mural'' (English: ''wall painting''). In ancient Roman times, a mural crown was given to the fighter who was first to scale the wall of a besieged town. "Mural" comes from the Latin ''muralis'', meaning "wall painting". This word is related to ''murus'', meaning "wall". History Antique art Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as the cave paintings in the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave in Borneo (40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treasury
A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry; in a business context, corporate treasury. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or in private ownership. The head of a treasury is typically known as a treasurer. This position may not necessarily have the final control over the actions of the treasury, particularly if they are not an elected representative. The adjective for a treasury is normally treasurial. The adjective "tresorial" can also be used, but this normally means pertaining to a ''treasurer''. History The earliest found artefacts made of silver and gold are from Lake Varna in Bulgaria dated 4250–4000 BC, the earliest of copper are dated 9000–7000 BC. The Greek term ''thêsauros'' (treasury) was first used in Classical times to describe the votive buildings erected to house gifts to the gods, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivane I Orbeli
Ivane ( ka, ივანე) is a masculine Georgian given name. It is a cognate of the name John. Notable people with the name include: *Ivane Abazasdze, Georgian feudal lord, a duke of Kartli under King Bagrat IV of Georgia *Ivane Amilakhvari (1829–1905), Georgian nobleman and a military commander in the Imperial Russian service *Ivane Andronikashvili (1798–1868), Georgian noble and general in the Imperial Russian service *Ivane Bagration of Mukhrani (1812–1895), Georgian noble and general in the Imperial Russian service * Ivane I, Duke of Kldekari (died 1080), Georgian general and duke of Kldekari, Argveti, and Orbeti-Samshvilde *Ivane Javakhishvili (1876–1940), Georgian historian * Ivane Kazbegi, Polish-Georgian military officer *Ivane Machabeli Prince Ivane Machabeli ( ka, ივანე მაჩაბელი) (January 28, 1854 – c. 1898) was a Georgian writer, translator, publicist, public figure, active member of the National-Liberation Movement, and a founder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shalva Of Akhaltsikhe
Shalva Akhaltsikheli ( ka, შალვა თორელი-ახალციხელი) (died 1227) was a Georgian military commander and court official in the Kingdom of Georgia. He held the offices of ''Mechurchletukhutsesi'' (Lord High Treasurer) and '' Mandaturtukhutsesi'' (Lord High Mandator). A member of the noble House of Toreli-Akhaltsikheli, he was also the Duke (''Eristavi'') of Akhalkalaki. Biography Together with his brother Ivane, Shalva was in command of vanguard traditionally composed of the Meskhetian troops from south Georgia. In the battle of Shamkor against the Eldiguzids in 1195, he captured a war banner sent by the Caliph to the Muslim army which was then donated to the revered icon of Our Lady of Khakhuli. Local Meskhetian forces under Shalva Akhaltsikheli, Ivane Akhaltsikheli and Sargis Tmogveli had been blockading Kars intermittently for some years, and Queen Tamar decided to send a special army under David Soslan and brothers Zakare and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronation
A coronation ceremony marks the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power using a crown. In addition to the crowning, this ceremony may include the presentation of other items of regalia, and other rituals such as the taking of special vows by the new monarch, the investing and presentation of regalia to them, and acts of homage by the new monarch's subjects. In certain Christian denominations, such as Lutheranism and Anglicanism, coronation is a Rite (Christianity), religious rite. As such, Western-style coronations have often included anointing the monarch with holy anointing oil, holy oil, or chrism as it is often called; the anointing ritual's religious significance follows examples found in the Bible. The monarch's consort may also be crowned, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious reasons; most modern monarchies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaturtukhutsesi
''Mandaturtukhutsesi'' ( ka, მანდატურთუხუცესი) was the Chief overseer of the court, in charge of the palace guard and matters of protocol. The "''Mandaturtukhutsesi''" was aided by an " Amirejibi" and a "Mandatur" and as a symbol of his office, he carried an "Arghani" (sceptre) presented by the monarch A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest .... See also * Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia References Noble titles of Georgia (country) Georgian words and phrases {{italic title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Toreli
The House of Toreli ( ka, თორელი), earlier known as the Gamrekeli (გამრეკელი), was a noble family in medieval Georgia, known from the 10th century and prominent into the 14th. The dynastic name "Toreli" is derived from the territorial epithet, literally meaning "of Tori", a historic district and the family's original fiefdom in south-central Georgia. History The Toreli rose to particular prominence during the Georgian Golden Age under Queen Tamar ( r. 1178/1184–1213) and her immediate successors, George IV (r. 1213–1223) and Rusudan (r. 1223–1246). They held fiefs in south and central Georgia and, at times, governed the newly conquered north Armenian districts on behalf of the crown. Several members of the family – one of the most important princely houses at that time – occupied important posts in the administration and army, including the dignity of amirspasalar. A senior branch held the hereditary office of eristavi ("duke") of Akhalkala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivane I Jaqeli
Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli-Tsikhisjvareli ( ka, ივანე-ყვარყვარე ჯაყელი-ციხისჯვარელი; died ) was a Georgian nobleman of the Jaqeli family, who served as ''eristavi'' ("duke") and '' spasalar'' ("constable") of Samtskhe in the early 13th century. Rising to prominence thanks to his loyal service to Queen-Regnant Tamar of Georgia, Ivane Jaqeli's long career spanned pivotal years in the history of medieval Georgia, through the "Golden Age" to the crisis and decline under the Mongol hegemony. Ivane, otherwise known as Qvarqvare, first appears in the medieval Georgian chronicles as bearing the surname Tsikhisjvareli, derived from the territorial epithet "of Tsikhisjvari". During a revolt of Queen Tamar's disgraced husband, George the Rus', around 1191, Ivane was one of the few nobles of Samtskhe who remained loyal to the queen. He might have become duke and constable of Samtskhe after the previous occupant of these offices, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shota Rustaveli
Shota Rustaveli ( ka, შოთა რუსთაველი, – after c. 1220), mononymously known simply as Rustaveli, was a medieval Georgian poet. He is considered to be the pre-eminent poet of the Georgian Golden Age and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. Rustaveli was the author of '' The Knight in the Panther's Skin'', a Georgian national epic poem. Biography Little, if anything, is known about Rustaveli from contemporary sources. Shota Rustaveli was born in 1166. He started serving Queen Tamar as a Minister of Finance in 1191. His poem itself, namely the prologue, provides a clue to his identity: the poet identifies himself as "a certain Rustveli." "Rustveli" is not a surname, but a territorial epithet that can be interpreted as "of/from/holder of Rustavi"; although a 10th century manuscript fragment found in 1975 in Saint Catherine's Monastery in Sinai attests to its use as a cognomen by a noble house of Ru(i)staveli. Later Georgian autho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shalva Akhaltsikheli
Shalva Akhaltsikheli ( ka, შალვა თორელი-ახალციხელი) (died 1227) was a Georgian military commander and court official in the Kingdom of Georgia. He held the offices of ''Mechurchletukhutsesi'' (Lord High Treasurer) and '' Mandaturtukhutsesi'' (Lord High Mandator). A member of the noble House of Toreli-Akhaltsikheli, he was also the Duke (''Eristavi'') of Akhalkalaki. Biography Together with his brother Ivane, Shalva was in command of vanguard traditionally composed of the Meskhetian troops from south Georgia. In the battle of Shamkor against the Eldiguzids in 1195, he captured a war banner sent by the Caliph to the Muslim army which was then donated to the revered icon of Our Lady of Khakhuli. Local Meskhetian forces under Shalva Akhaltsikheli, Ivane Akhaltsikheli and Sargis Tmogveli had been blockading Kars intermittently for some years, and Queen Tamar decided to send a special army under David Soslan and brothers Zakare and Iva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abulasan
Abulasan () was a 12th-century Georgian politician, who served as mayor of Tbilisi and Eristavi of Kartli (1185–1188). Biography During a revolt of treasurer Qutlu Arslan, Abulasan joined a group of unranked class and wealthy citizens in a struggle to limit the royal authority in 1191, which concluded with the arrest of Qutlu Arslan; his supporters were inveigled into submission. In case to avoid next waves of rebellion, Queen Tamar elevated Abulasan to the office of '' amirtamira'' of Tbilisi, thus making him assistant of ''mechurchletukhutsesi'' (treasurer). some other historians believe that he was also invited in the "Darbazi" ( Royal Council) as a representative of the merchant-class. The queen Tamar's marriage was a question of state-importance. Every group strove to select and secure the acceptance of its candidate in order to strengthen its position and influence at court. Two main factions fought for the influence in Tamar's court: clan of Mkhargrdzeli and Abulasan. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
