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Corporación Minera De Bolivia
The Corporación Minera de Bolivia (Mining Corporation of Bolivia), also known as COMIBOL, is a major Bolivian state company that oversees the nation's mining operations. In the decades after the Bolivian National Revolution, it became the country's largest and most important public company. After a period of inactivity following the 1985 Bolivian economic crisis, COMIBOL was revived in 2006 and today holds an important, if diminished, place in the country's economy. History COMIBOL was created by Supreme Declaration 3196 on October 2, 1952. It was founded ahead of the nationalization of the Simón Iturri Patiño, Patiño, Moritz Hochschild, Hochschild, and Carlos Víctor Aramayo, Aramayo mines on October 31 by the government of Víctor Paz Estenssoro, in the context of the Bolivian National Revolution. The businesses of the three nationalized mining groups were initially reorganized into 16 mining companies exploiting tin, lead, silver, zinc, tungsten, copper, and gold, with C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon 103 1 SAS
Mon, MON or Mon. may refer to: Places * Mon State, a subdivision of Myanmar * Mon, India, a town in Nagaland * Mon district, Nagaland * Mon, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India * Mon, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Grisons * Anglesey, , an island and county of Wales * Møn, an island of Denmark * Monongahela River, US or "The Mon" Peoples and languages * Mon people, an ethnic group from Burma * Mon language, spoken in Burma and Thailand * Mon–Khmer languages, a large language family of Mainland Southeast Asia * Mongolian language (ISO 639 code), official language of Mongolia * Alisa Mon, Russian singer Other uses * Mon (emblem), Japanese family heraldic symbols * Mon (architecture) is a generic Japanese term for gate often used, either alone or as a suffix, in referring to the many gates used by Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and traditional-style buildings and castles. Significance Unlike gates of secular buildings, ..., gates at Buddhist temples, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, warm valleys, high-altitude Andean plateaus, and snow-capped peaks, encompassing a wide range of climates and biomes across its regions and cities. It includes part of the Pantanal, the largest tropical wetland in the world, along its eastern border. It is bordered by Brazil to the Bolivia-Brazil border, north and east, Paraguay to the southeast, Argentina to the Argentina-Bolivia border, south, Chile to the Bolivia–Chile border, southwest, and Peru to the west. The seat of government is La Paz, which contains the executive, legislative, and electoral branches of government, while the constitutional capital is Sucre, the seat of the judiciary. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Geog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivian National Revolution
The Bolivian Revolution of 1952 (), also known as the Revolution of '52, was a series of political demonstrations led by the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), which, in alliance with liberals and communists, sought to overthrow the ruling Bolivian oligarchy and implement a new socioeconomic model in Bolivia. Its main leaders were the former presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo. The MNR government after this Revolution lasted from 9 April 1952 until the coup of 4 November 1964. In these twelve years, there was a co-government and at the same time a power struggle between the party and the labor unions. The Revolution of 1952 sought to implement the rights to vote in Bolivia, the distribution of land and State control over natural resources and the Bolivian economy. In addition, it incorporated the peasant and female sector into political life by establishing universal suffrage. It was a political Revolution that at the time was equated to the Mexica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simón Iturri Patiño
Simón Iturri Patiño (1 June 1860 – 20 April 1947) was a Bolivian industrialist who was among the world's wealthiest people at the time of his death. With a fortune built from ownership of a majority of the tin industry in Bolivia, Patiño was nicknamed "The Andean Rockefeller". During World War II, Patiño was believed to be one of the five wealthiest men in the world. Biography Patiño's biographers are not in agreement on the details of his early life. Many wrote that he was a cholo, with a mixed Quechua and Spanish heritage, and born to a poor mother, while his authorized biography holds that he was solely of European ancestry, and the son of a provincial leader. He was actually the illegitimate son of Julio Abasto and María Patiño from Cochabamba. Before entering the mining industry, he either managed a store in Oruro, or spent years in private schools. Eventually, Patiño started in mining with Compañía Huanchaca de Bolivia, a silver company, and then with Frick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moritz Hochschild
Moritz (Mauricio) Hochschild (February 17, 1881 – June 12, 1965) was a leading mining industry businessman in the first half of the twentieth century. Along with Simón Iturri Patiño and Carlos Víctor Aramayo, he was one of the three so-called Bolivian tin barons. Additionally, he saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust by facilitating their legal admission to Bolivia. Early life Hochschild was born in Biblis, Germany, into a German Jews, Jewish family which had already been active in the mining industry for over a generation. He was the eldest son of a general trader, Louis Hochschild Altschul (1853–1923) who had two cousins involved in the metal industry: brothers Berthold Hochschild, who founded the American Metal Company and Zachary Hochschild, a partner in Metallgesellschaft. After Hochschild graduated from school, he studied mining and engineering at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. He was agnosticism, agnostic. Career In 1905, he began his car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Víctor Aramayo
Carlos Víctor Aramayo (7 October 1889, Paris – 14 April 1981, Paris) was a Bolivian industrialist and politician. Biography Aramayo was one of Bolivia's three principal tin magnates alongside Simón Iturri Patiño and Mauricio Hochschild in the early 20th century. Responsible for over half of global tin production, they were known as the three tin barons. In 1926, Carlos Víctor Aramayo was appointed President of Compagnie Aramayo de Mines en Bolivie SA (CAMB) with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The holding company represented the assets of the Aramayo family in mining (mainly bismuth, tin, tungsten, and other metals) and land properties across Bolivia. As CAMB President, one of Aramayo's first major decision was to form a subsidiary for CAMB in charge of the purchase of machinery and supplies and for hiring specialist personnel around Europe. In 1929, Mining and Chemical Products Ltd (MCP) was formed in London. Around the same time, Aramayo was appointed as Bolivia's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Víctor Paz Estenssoro
Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (2 October 1907 – 7 June 2001) was a Bolivian politician who served as the 45th president of Bolivia for three nonconsecutive and four total terms from 1952 to 1956, 1960 to 1964 and 1985 to 1989. He ran for president eight times (1947, 1951, 1960, 1964, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1985) and was victorious in 1951, 1960, 1964 and 1985. His 1951 victory was annulled by a military junta led by Hugo Ballivián, and his 1964 victory was interrupted by the 1964 Bolivian coup d'état. Founding of the MNR and early political years (1941–1952) In 1941 Víctor Paz Estenssoro co-founded (along with Hernán Siles and others) the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario ( Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, MNR), originally a reformist revolutionary movement and later a centrist party. Paz became an influential member in the cabinet of Colonel Gualberto Villarroel (1943–1946), but was forced out of that government as a result of pressure emanating from Was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
YPFB
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) is a Bolivian state-owned enterprise dedicated to the exploration, exploitation, refining, industrialization, distribution and commercialization of oil, natural gas and derived products. It was created on December 21, 1936 under a government decree during the presidency of David Toro. YPFB is one of the biggest corporations in Bolivia. History Following Bolivia's defeat in the Chaco War, public outrage against Standard Oil coalesced with outrage against the Bolivian military and political classes. A core of labor movements and Chaco War veterans backed the political rise of military officers, included Colonel David Toro. Led by Toro, Bolivia followed the Argentinean model by creating a national, state-owned and run, oil company in 1936 — YPFB. During the first presidency of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, YPFB was broken up and largely sold off. "Capitalized" oil companies were formed from YPFB properties under the capitaliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valor Exportaciones Minerales Bolivia, 1952-2011 (%)
Valor, valour, or valorous may mean: * Courage, a similar meaning * Virtue ethics, roughly "courage in defense of a noble cause" Entertainment * Valor Kand, a member of the band Christian Death * ''Valor'' (TV series), an American drama series * Valor (DC Comics), a DC Comics superhero * ''Valor'' (EC Comics), an EC Comics title Sports * Washington Valor, American football team * Team Valor International, an American Thoroughbred horse racing stable * Valour FC, a Canadian soccer club Other * Bell V-280 Valor, U.S. army tiltrotor aircraft * Valor Communications, the former name of Windstream Communications, a telecommunications company * Valor Ecclesiasticus, a survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English-controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535 * Yale & Valor, a UK-based gas boiler manufacturer * ''Carnival Valor'', a Conquest-class cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line * , the name of more than one ship of the British Royal Navy * Team Valor, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement ( , MNR) is a centre-right, conservative political party in Bolivia. It was the leading force behind the Bolivian National Revolution from 1952 to 1964. It influenced much of the country's history since 1941. Origins The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement was begun in 1941 by future presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo. It soon attracted some of the brightest members of the Bolivian intelligentsia. Among the party's most prominent supporters were Humberto Guzmán Fricke, Juan Lechín, Carlos Montenegro, Walter Guevara Arze, Javier del Granado, Augusto Céspedes, Lydia Gueiler, Guillermo Bedregal, and Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a number of whom later became presidents of Bolivia. At the time of its establishment it was a leftist/reformist party, along the lines of Populism in Latin America#History, similar Latin American parties such as the Brazilian Labour Party (historical), Brazilian Labour Party, the Sociali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mural Del Archivo Histórico De La Corporación Minera De Bolivia (COMIBOL)
A mural is any piece of graphic artwork that is painted or applied directly to a wall, ceiling or other permanent substrate. Mural techniques include fresco, mosaic, graffiti and marouflage. Word mural in art The word ''mural'' is a Spanish adjective that is used to refer to what is attached to a wall. The term ''mural'' later became a noun. In art, the word began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1906, Dr. Atl issued a manifesto calling for the development of a monumental public art movement in Mexico; he named it in Spanish ''pintura mural'' (English: ''wall painting''). In ancient Roman times, a mural crown was given to the fighter who was first to scale the wall of a besieged town. "Mural" comes from the Latin ''muralis'', meaning "wall painting". This word is related to ''murus'', meaning "wall". History Antique art Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithic times such as the cave paintings in the Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave in Borneo (40,000–52,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Decree 21060
Supreme Decree 21060 (, ''DS 21060'', or ''DS Nº 21060''), promulgated by Bolivian President Víctor Paz Estenssoro on 29 August 1985, was a legal instrument that imposed neoliberal economic policies in order to end Bolivia's twin crises of international debt and hyperinflation. In 1985, under the fourth (and final) term of President Paz Estenssoro, the economic situation in Bolivia was undermined with a galloping hyperinflation (inherited from Hernán Siles Zuazo) and the country was unable to pay its debt to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A plan was drawn by Jeffrey Sachs, Professor at Harvard University, and at that time active as economic adviser to the Bolivian government. Bolivia was the first country where Jeffrey Sachs could test his theories. The IMF approved of the decree's adoption and gave the Bolivian government $57 million in credit. Additionally, the World Bank began lending money to the country again. Measures implemented The main "shock therapy" meas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
