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Continuous Configuration Automation
Continuous configuration automation (CCA) is the methodology or process of automating the deployment and configuration of settings and software for both physical and virtual data center equipment. Overview Continuous configuration automation is marketed for data center and application configuration management. CCA tools use a programmable framework for configuration and orchestration through coding, planning, and incrementally adopting policies. Relationship to DevOps CCA tools are used for what is called DevOps, and are often included as part of a DevOps toolchain. CCA grew out of a push to develop more reliable software faster. Gartner describes CCA as “Embodying lean, agile and collaborative concepts core to DevOps initiatives, CCA tools bring a newly found level of precision, efficiency and flexibility to the challenges of infrastructure and application configuration management.” Tools CCA tools support administrators and developers to automate the configuration and Orc ...
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Data Center
A data center is a building, a dedicated space within a building, or a group of buildings used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. Since IT operations are crucial for business continuity, it generally includes redundant or backup components and infrastructure for power supply, data communication connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression), and various security devices. A large data center is an industrial-scale operation using as much electricity as a medium town. Estimated global data center electricity consumption in 2022 was 240–340  TWh, or roughly 1–1.3% of global electricity demand. This excludes energy used for cryptocurrency mining, which was estimated to be around 110 TWh in 2022, or another 0.4% of global electricity demand. The IEA projects that data center electric use could double between 2022 and 2026. High demand for electricity from data centers, incl ...
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CFEngine
CFEngine is a configuration management system, written by Mark Burgess. Its primary function is to provide automated configuration and maintenance of large-scale computer systems, including the unified management of servers, desktops, consumer and industrial devices, embedded network devices, mobile smartphones, and tablet computers. Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, CFEngine is free software. History The CFEngine project began in 1993 as a way for author Mark Burgess (then a post-doctoral fellow of the Royal Society at Oslo University, Norway) to get his work done by automating the management of a small group of workstations in the Department of Theoretical Physics. Burgess managed Unix workstations, scripting and fixing problems for users manually. Scripting took too much time, the flavours of Unix were significantly different, and scripts had to be maintained for multiple platforms, drowning in exception logic. After discussing the problems wit ...
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Agile Software Development
Agile software development is an umbrella term for approaches to software development, developing software that reflect the values and principles agreed upon by ''The Agile Alliance'', a group of 17 software practitioners, in 2001. As documented in their ''Manifesto for Agile Software Development'' the practitioners value: * Individuals and interactions over processes and tools * Working software over comprehensive documentation * Customer collaboration over contract negotiation * Responding to change over following a plan The practitioners cite inspiration from new practices at the time including extreme programming, Scrum (software development), scrum, dynamic systems development method, adaptive software development and being sympathetic to the need for an alternative to documentation driven, heavyweight software development processes. Many software development practices emerged from the agile mindset. These agile-based practices, sometimes called ''Agile'' (with a capital ...
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Go (programming Language)
Go is a high-level programming language, high-level general purpose programming language that is static typing, statically typed and compiled language, compiled. It is known for the simplicity of its syntax and the efficiency of development that it enables by the inclusion of a large standard library supplying many needs for common projects. It was designed at Google in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson, and publicly announced in November of 2009. It is syntax (programming languages), syntactically similar to C (programming language), C, but also has memory safety, garbage collection (computer science), garbage collection, structural type system, structural typing, and communicating sequential processes, CSP-style concurrency (computer science), concurrency. It is often referred to as Golang to avoid ambiguity and because of its former domain name, golang.org, but its proper name is Go. There are two major implementations: * The original, Self-hosting (compi ...
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HashiCorp
HashiCorp, Inc. is an American software company with a freemium business model based in San Francisco, California. HashiCorp provides tools and products that enable developers, operators and security professionals to provision, secure, run and connect cloud computing, cloud-computing infrastructure. It was founded in 2012 by Mitchell Hashimoto and Armon Dadgar. The company name HashiCorp is a portmanteau of co-founder last name ''Hashi''moto and ''Corp''oration. HashiCorp is headquartered in San Francisco Bay Area, San Francisco, but their employees are distributed across the United States, Canada, Australia, India, and Europe. HashiCorp offers source-available libraries and other proprietary products. History HashiCorp was founded in 2012 by two classmates from the University of Washington, Mitchell Hashimoto and Armon Dadgar. Co-founder Hashimoto was previously working on open-source software called Vagrant (software), Vagrant, which became incorporated into HashiCorp. On 29 ...
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Terraform (software)
Terraform is an Infrastructure as code, infrastructure-as-code software tool created by HashiCorp. Users define and provide data center infrastructure using a declarative configuration language known as HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), or optionally JSON. Characteristics Terraform manages external resources (such as public cloud infrastructure, private cloud infrastructure, network appliances, software as a service, and platform as a service) with "providers". HashiCorp maintains an extensive list of official providers, and can also integrate with community-developed providers. Users can interact with Terraform providers by declaring resources or by calling data sources. Rather than using Imperative programming, imperative commands to provision resources, Terraform uses declarative configuration to describe the desired final state. Once a user invokes Terraform on a given resource, Terraform will perform Create, read, update and delete, CRUD actions on the user's beh ...
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Salt (software)
Salt or SaltStack is an infrastructure as code software tool for configuration management. It is written in Python and published under the Apache License 2.0. History Salt originated from the need for high-speed data collection and task execution for data center systems administrators managing massive infrastructure scale and resulting complexity. The author of Salt, Thomas S. Hatch, had previously created several utilities for IT teams to solve the problem of systems management at scale, but found these and other open source solutions to be lacking. Hatch decided to use the ZeroMQ messaging library to facilitate the high-speed requirements and built Salt using ZeroMQ for all networking layers. In late May 2011 initial progress was made toward the delivery of configuration management built on the Salt remote execution engine. This configuration management system stores all configuration (state) data inside an easily understood data structure that leverages YAML. While exper ...
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Clojure
Clojure (, like ''closure'') is a dynamic programming language, dynamic and functional programming, functional dialect (computing), dialect of the programming language Lisp (programming language), Lisp on the Java (software platform), Java platform. Like most other Lisps, Clojure's Syntax (programming languages), syntax is built on S-expressions that are first Parsing, parsed into data structures by a Lisp reader before being Compiler, compiled. Clojure's reader supports literal syntax for hash table, maps, sets, and Array (data structure), vectors along with lists, and these are compiled to the mentioned structures directly. Clojure treats Homoiconicity, code as data and has a Lisp macro system. Clojure is a Lisp-1 and is not intended to be code-compatible with other dialects of Lisp, since it uses its own set of data structures incompatible with other Lisps. Clojure advocates immutable object, immutability and persistent data structure, immutable data structures and encourages ...
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Puppet (company)
Puppet is a software configuration management tool developed used to manage stages of the IT infrastructure lifecycle. Puppet uses an open-core model; its free-software version was released under version 2 of the GNU General Public License (GPL) until version 2.7.0, and later releases use the Apache License, while Puppet Enterprise uses a proprietary license. Puppet and Puppet Enterprise operate on multiple Unix-like systems (including Linux, Solaris, BSD, Mac OS X, AIX, HP-UX) and has Microsoft Windows support. Puppet itself is written in Ruby. Facter, Puppet’s cross-platform system profiling library, is written in C++. Puppet Server and Puppet DB are written in Clojure. It is developed by Puppet Inc., which is owned by Perforce, which is owned in turn by private equity firms. Design Puppet consists of a custom declarative language to describe system configuration. Puppet is model-driven, requiring limited programming knowledge to use. Puppet is designed to manage th ...
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Inedo
Inedo is a software product company with headquarters in Berea, Ohio. It makes Enterprise DevOps tools, namely BuildMaster, ProGet, and Otter. Inedo also publishes software-related products, including Release! the Game, Programming Languages ABC++, Code Offsets, and The Daily WTF. History Inedo was founded in 2007 and initially started as a custom software and development training company. In 2010, Inedo officially launched their first software product, BuildMaster. This was followed with the tools ProGet in 2012 and Otter in 2016. In 2015, Inedo was named a “Cool Vendors in DevOps” by Gartner. In 2016, Inedo acquired NuGet Server, a small service wrapper for the NuGet.Server NuGet package. In both 2016 and 2017, Inedo was recognized in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Application Release Automation. In 2017 Inedo announced an expansion to Japan including adding offices in Tokyo and being the primary organizer and sponsor of DevOps Days Tokyo 2017. Tools * BuildMaste ...
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Ruby (programming Language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object (computer science), object, including primitive data types. It was developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro Matsumoto, Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. Ruby is interpreted language, interpreted, high-level programming language, high-level, and Dynamic typing, dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection (computer science), garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural programming, procedural, object-oriented programming, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel (programming language), Eiffel, Ada (programming language), Ada, BASIC, and Lisp (programming language), Lisp. History Early concept According to Matsumoto, Ruby was conceived in 1993. In a 1999 post to t ...
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