|
Conscription In Myanmar
Conscription in Myanmar was enacted in 2024. The People's Military Service Law, which enables conscription, was written into law in 2010, although it had been practiced as early as 1955. History In 1907, the British colonial authorities enacted the 1907 Village Tract Act, which empowered the authorities to requisition local services, such as for porters, in law enforcement activities. While it was technically not conscription, the Burmese military nonetheless continued to invoke the Act to press-gang civilians as porters for counter-insurgency operations. The Tatmadawthe name traditionally given to the military of Myanmar which has ruled the country intermittently since independencehas long used "forced recruitment" of citizens without formal conscription laws. A 1955 "National Service Bill" was taken to parliament, but due to legal complexities, it is unclear whether it actually entered into force. The main bulk of the military continued to be recruited "almost entirely from vol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Military Service Law
The People’s Military Service Law () is a compulsory conscription law enacted by the military junta in Myanmar. Initially drafted in 2010 by the State Peace and Development Council, Myanmar's previous military junta, the law was enforced on February 10, 2024, in response to the ongoing Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar civil war. Background History of conscription in Myanmar Conscription in Myanmar dates back to the mid-1950s, with military leaders initially proposing it due to fears of potential invasions by neighboring countries. The National Service Bill was drafted in 1955 but only taken to parliament to be enacted under the caretaker government of 1958 to 1960, with its enforcement status being unclear.Before 1988, the military primarily relied on volunteers to replenish its ranks, using the provisions of the National Service Bill to enlist technical specialists like doctors and engineers. Forced recruitment became prevalent after the 8888 Uprising and the mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Junta
A military junta () is a system of government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''Junta (governing body), junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the Junta (Peninsular War), national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Peninsular War, Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808.Junta ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (last updated 1998). The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form of government characterized by oligarchic military dictatorship, as distinguished from other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically Strongman (politics), strongman (autocratic military dictatorships); machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); and bossism (autocratic party dictatorships). A junta often comes to power as a result of a coup d'état. The junta may either formally take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Labour
Child labour is the exploitation of children through any form of work that interferes with their ability to attend regular school, or is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful. Such exploitation is prohibited by legislation worldwide, although these laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, and some forms of work undertaken by Amish children, as well as by Indigenous children in the Americas. Child labour has existed to varying extents throughout history. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many children aged 5–14 from poorer families worked in Western nations and their colonies alike. These children mainly worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining, and services such as news boys—some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shortage
In economics, a shortage or excess demand is a situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market. It is the opposite of an excess supply ( surplus). Definitions In a perfect market (one that matches a simple microeconomic model), an excess of demand will prompt sellers to increase prices until demand at that price matches the available supply, establishing market equilibrium. In economic terminology, a shortage occurs when for some reason (such as government intervention, or decisions by sellers not to raise prices) the price does not rise to reach equilibrium. In this circumstance, buyers want to purchase more at the market price than the quantity of the good or service that is available, and some non-price mechanism (such as "first come, first served" or a lottery) determines which buyers are served. So in a perfect market the only thing that can cause a shortage is price. In common use, the term "shortage" may refer to a situat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Myanmar
Corruption in Myanmar is among the worst in the world. Owing to failures in regulation and enforcement, corruption flourishes in every sector of government and business. Many foreign businesspeople consider corruption "a serious barrier to investment and trade in Myanmar." A U.N. survey in May 2014 concluded that corruption is the greatest hindrance to business in Myanmar. The ongoing civil war has significantly set back anti-corruption efforts, exacerbating the problem. Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), gave Myanmar a score of 16. When ranked by score, Myanmar ranked 168th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with regional scores, the best score among Asia Pacific countries was 84, the average score was 44 and the worst score was Myanmar's, 16. For comparison with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conscription Evasion
Conscription evasion or draft evasion (American English) is any successful attempt to elude a government-imposed obligation to serve in the military forces of one's nation. Sometimes draft evasion involves refusing to comply with the military draft laws of one's nation. Illegal draft evasion is said to have characterized every military conflict of the 20th and 21st centuries, in which at least one party of such conflict has enforced conscription. Such evasion is generally considered to be a criminal offense,Beare, Margaret E., ed. (2012). ''Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice''. Sage Publications, p. 110 ("Draft Dodging" entry). . and laws against it go back thousands of years. There are many draft evasion practices. Those that manage to adhere to or circumvent the law, and those that do not involve taking a public stand, are sometimes referred to as draft avoidance. Draft evaders are sometimes pejoratively referred to as draft dodgers,Bell, Walter F. "Draft Dod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese New Year
Thingyan (/sɛŋkəmɑ/ ; , Old Mon: သင်ကြာန် ), also known as the Myanmar New Year, is a festival that usually occurs in middle of April. Thingyan marks the transition from the old year to the new one, based on the traditional Myanmar lunisolar calendar. The festival usually spans four to five days, culminating in ''New Year’s Day'', and is one of the most anticipated public holidays across the country. The highlight of the celebration is the symbolic throwing of water, representing the washing away of sins and bad luck from the previous year. People engage in water fights using buckets and water guns, especially during the first four days. Streets become lively with music, dance troupes, and temporary stages called pandal (မဏ္ဍပ်'',mandat''). Thingyan is not only a joyful festival but also a time for ''merit-making''. Many people practice religious observances such as almsgiving, releasing fish and birds, and visiting monasteries. It is also cust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaw Min Tun (general)
Zaw Min Tun (; ; born Myanmar) is a Burmese army general and the current Deputy Minister of Information (Myanmar), Deputy Minister of Information in Myanmar. He holds key leadership roles within the military and government, most notably serving as the chief of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team and heading the Head of the Press Team of the State Administration Council, press team of the State Administration Council (SAC), which governs Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, military coup in February 2021. Zaw Min Tun has been recognized as a senior spokesperson for the Myanmar Army, particularly following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, military coup, which led to widespread Myanmar civil war (2021–present), political unrest and Myanmar protests (2021–present), public protests. His role has been significant in the communication strategies employed by the military during this period, ensuring the conveyance of the regime's narratives to both domestic and internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
