|
Conférence Molé-Tocqueville
The Conférence Molé was a French debating society founded in 1832. In 1876, it became the Conférence Molé-Tocqueville. Its purpose was to debate legislation, administration, political economy and general politics. The debates were modelled on parliamentary procedures and served to train future politicians. The society also provided a venue where young men of the élite could meet and become known to established political figures. The society became dormant in the 1970s but was revived in the 1990s. Foundation The Conférence Molé was founded during the July Monarchy on 19 March 1832. It was founded by the Count of Montalivet and sponsored by king Louis Philippe. The choice of name has not been explained, but seems to be a reference to the politician Louis-Mathieu Molé (1781–1855). One of the co-founders was M. Pontmartin, possibly Armand Pontmartin. Another was Huard-Delamarre, an advocate. There were three magistrates: Adrien Gastambide, Gustave Aignan and Édouard Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Mathieu Molé
Louis-Mathieu, comte Molé (; 24 January 1781 – 23 November 1855) was a French statesman and a close friend and associate of Louis Philippe I, King of the French during the July Monarchy (1830–1848). Biography Molé was born in Paris. His father, a president of the parlement of Paris, who came of the family of the famous president noted below, was guillotined during the Terror. Count Molé's early days were spent in Switzerland and in England with his mother, a relative of Lamoignon-Malesherbes. On his return to France, he studied at the Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publics, and his social education was accomplished in the salon of Pauline de Beaumont, the friend of Châteaubriand and Joubert. A volume of ''Essais de morale et de politique'' introduced him to the notice of Napoleon, who attached him to the staff of the council of state. He became master of requests in 1806, and next year prefect of the Côte-d'Or, Councillor of State and Director-General of Bridges a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Gambetta
Léon Gambetta (; 2 April 1838 – 31 December 1882) was a French lawyer and republican politician who proclaimed the French Third Republic in 1870 and played a prominent role in its early government. Early life and education Born in Cahors, Gambetta is said to have inherited his vigour and eloquence from his father, a Genoa, Genoese grocer who had married a Frenchwoman named Massabie. At the age of fifteen, Gambetta lost the sight of his right eye in an accident, and it eventually had to be removed. Despite this disability, he distinguished himself at school in Cahors. He then worked at his father's grocery shop in Cahors, the ''Bazar génois'' ("Genoese bazaar"), and in 1857 went to study at the Faculty of Law of Paris. His temperament gave him great influence among the students of the ''Latin Quarter, Paris, Quartier latin'', and he was soon known as an inveterate enemy of the imperial government. Career Gambetta was called to the bar in 1859. He was admitted to the Conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Clamageran
Jean-Jules Clamageran (29 March 1827 – 4 June 1903) was a French politician of the French Third Republic. He was briefly minister of finance (6–16 April 1885) in the ministry of Henri Brisson. He was made a life senator in the Senate of France in 1882. Decorations * Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur ), base Léonore, ministère français de la Culture. References Sources *Bibliography * |
Jules Cazot
Jules-Théodore-Joseph Cazot (11 February 1821 – 27 November 1912) was a French politician of the French Third Republic. He was a member of the National Assembly of 1871. He was a senator for life from 1875 until his death. He was minister of justice in 1880 and 1881, under the governments of Jules Ferry and Léon Gambetta Léon Gambetta (; 2 April 1838 – 31 December 1882) was a French lawyer and republican politician who proclaimed the French Third Republic in 1870 and played a prominent role in its early government. Early life and education Born in Cahors, .... Sources * 1821 births 1912 deaths People from Alès Republican Union (France) politicians Ministers of justice of France Members of the National Assembly (1871) Members of Parliament for Gard French life senators Court of Cassation (France) judges {{Gard-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Buffet
Louis Joseph Buffet (; 26 October 1818 – 7 July 1898) was a French statesman. He was born at Mirecourt, Vosges. After the revolution of February 1848 he was elected deputy for the department of the Vosges, and in the Assembly sat on the right, pronouncing for the repression of the insurrection of June 1848 and for Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. He was minister of agriculture from August to December 1849 and from August to October 1851. Re-elected deputy in 1863, he was one of the supporters of the "Liberal Empire" of Émile Ollivier, and was finance minister in Ollivier's cabinet from January to 10 April 1870. He was president of the National Assembly from 4 April 1872 to 10 March 1875, minister of the interior in 1875, and Prime Minister of France from 1875 to 1876. Having made himself obnoxious to the Republican party, he failed to secure a reëlection to the Assembly in 1876. Then, elected senator for life (1876), he pronounced himself in favour of President MacMahon's fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Bérenger
René Bérenger, born in Bourg-lès-Valence (Drôme) on 22 April 1830 and died Alincourt (Ardennes) on 29 August 1915, was a French lawyer, judge, and politician. Life He was the son of Alphonse-Marie-Marcellin-Thomas Bérenger, and followed his father into the legal profession. At the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he was Avocat général of Lyon but resigned to enlist as a volunteer. He was wounded at Nuits on 28 December and was later awarded the Legion of Honour. Returned to the National Assembly by the ''département'' of Drôme as a member of the ''Centre gauche'' parliamentary group, he was for a few days in 1873 minister of public works under Jules Armand Dufaure. He then was made a Senator for life, and was vice president of the French Senate from 1894 to 1897. In 1871 he founded a society for the reclamation of discharged prisoners, and presided over various bodies formed to secure improvement of the public morals. He succeeded Charles Lucas in 1890 at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Wolowski
Louis-François-Michel-Reymond Wolowski (original ''Ludwik Franciszek MichaÅ‚ Reymond WoÅ‚owski''; 31 August 1810 at Warsaw – 15 August 1876 at Gisors, Eure) was a Polish writer on economics and politician, naturalised in France. Life His father, a member of the provisional government which emerged during the Polish Revolution in Warsaw in 1830, sent him to Paris, despite his youth, as first secretary of the official legation. When the revolution was quelled, the Wolowski family established themselves in Paris, and in 1836 Louis became a naturalised French citizen. His creation in 1834 of the ''Revue de législation et de jurisprudence'' began to make his reputation as jurist and economist; in 1839 a chair of industrial legislation was created for him at the Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, which he occupied for thirty-two years. Wolowski joined the Conférence Molé, a debating society for aspiring politicians. He was an early member of the Société d'économie politiq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian War
The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. * * * * * * An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the FLN on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic (1946–58), to be replaced by the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic with a strengthened pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Hervé
Édouard Hervé (28 May 1835 – 4 January 1899) was a French journalist, historian and politician. Life Édouard Hervé was born in Saint-Denis, La Réunion on 28 May 1835. A graduate of the École Normale Supérieure, Paris city councilor and advisor to Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris (1838–1894), he worked at several newspapers, including ''Le Journal de Genève'' (1865–1866) and ''L'Époque''. In 1867, he founded the ''Journal de Paris''. This newspaper was suppressed by the Paris Commune in 1871 when he wrote of the events of March: "The way the population of Paris yesterday expressed its satisfaction was more than frivolous, and we fear it gets worse with time. Paris now has a festive look that is totally inappropriate, and if we do not want to be called Parisians of decadence, we must put an end to this state of affairs. " In 1873, he founded ''Le Soleil'', the first major daily newspaper priced at 5 centimes. With a monarchist viewpoint, publication was to cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Félix Faure
Félix François Faure (; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Seine-Inférieure in 1881. He rose to prominence in national politics up until unexpectedly assuming the presidency, during which time France's relations with Russia improved. According to David Bell, Felix Faure was born in Paris and moved to Le Havre where he became a successful shipowner. He moved up from local politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1881. He started as a junior minister and became minister for marine and colonies. He was elected seventh president of the Third Republic in 1895 and died in office in 1899. Biography Félix François Faure was born in Paris, the son of a maker of small furniture pieces Jean-Marie Faure (1809–1889) and his first wife, Rose Cuissard (1819–1852). Having started as a tanner ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
