|
Conclavism
Conclavism is the practice that has existed since the second half of the 20th century which consists in the convening of a pseudo-conclave to elect rival popes (antipopes) to the current pope of Rome. This method is used by some Catholics, often Sedevacantists, who do not accept the legitimacy of their present papacy. Those who hold the position that a conclave can be convened to elect an antipope to contest or rival the current Bishop of Rome are called ''conclavists''. This claim is usually associated with claim known as ''sedevacantism'', which asserts that the present holder of the title Bishop of Rome is not ''pope'', which implies that the Holy See is vacant, or in a state of ''sede vacante''. Not all Sedevacantists are Conclavists. The term "Conclavism" comes from the word "conclave", the term for a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, when that see is vacant. Conclavism is different from what George Chryssides calls the " mysticali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedevacantists
Sedevacantism is a traditionalist Catholic movement which holds that since the 1958 death of Pius XII the occupiers of the Holy See are not Validity and liceity (Catholic Church), valid popes due to their espousal of one or more Heresy in the Catholic Church, heresies and that, for lack of a valid pope, the See of Rome is vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). The term ''sedevacantism'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which means "the chair [of the Bishop of Rome] being vacant". The phrase is commonly used to refer specifically to a vacancy of the Holy See which takes place from the pope's death or Papal renunciation, renunciation to the Papal conclave, election of his successor. The number of sedevacantists is unknown and difficult to measure; estimates range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Various factions of conclavism, conclavists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedevacantism
Sedevacantism is a traditionalist Catholic movement which holds that since the 1958 death of Pius XII the occupiers of the Holy See are not valid popes due to their espousal of one or more heresies and that, for lack of a valid pope, the See of Rome is vacant. Sedevacantism owes its origins to the rejection of the theological and disciplinary changes implemented following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). The term ''sedevacantism'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which means "the chair f the Bishop of Romebeing vacant". The phrase is commonly used to refer specifically to a vacancy of the Holy See which takes place from the pope's death or election of his successor. The number of sedevacantists is unknown and difficult to measure; estimates range from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Various factions of conclavism">conclavists among sedevacantists have proceeded to end the perceived vacancy in the Holy See by electing their own pope. Etymology The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conclavism
Conclavism is the practice that has existed since the second half of the 20th century which consists in the convening of a pseudo-conclave to elect rival popes (antipopes) to the current pope of Rome. This method is used by some Catholics, often Sedevacantists, who do not accept the legitimacy of their present papacy. Those who hold the position that a conclave can be convened to elect an antipope to contest or rival the current Bishop of Rome are called ''conclavists''. This claim is usually associated with claim known as ''sedevacantism'', which asserts that the present holder of the title Bishop of Rome is not ''pope'', which implies that the Holy See is vacant, or in a state of ''sede vacante''. Not all Sedevacantists are Conclavists. The term "Conclavism" comes from the word "conclave", the term for a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a bishop of Rome, when that see is vacant. Conclavism is different from what George Chryssides calls the " mysticali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conclavist
A conclavist was a personal aide of a cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal present in a papal conclave. The term is sometimes used to refer to all present with a conclave, including the cardinal-electors, but is more properly applied only to the non-cardinals. Conclavists played an important historical role in the negotiations of papal elections and in the evolution of secrecy (or the lack thereof), writing many of the extant accounts of papal elections. Three popes have been elected from former conclavists, including Pope Pius VI (a conclavist in the 1740 conclave). Other conclavists have later been elevated to the cardinalate, such as Pierre Guérin de Tencin (1721), Niccolò Coscia (1724), Christoph Anton Migazzi (1740), and Carlo Confalonieri (1922). Pope Paul VI in effect eliminated the role of the historical conclavist by banning private aides and creating a common support staff. Background The participation of the laity in the election of a pope predates the creation of the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of St Pius X
The Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX; ("Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X"), FSSPX) is a canonically irregular traditionalist Catholic priestly fraternity founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Lefebvre was a leading traditionalist at the Second Vatican Council with the and Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers until 1968. The society was established as a pious union of the Catholic Church with the permission of François Charrière, the Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg in Switzerland. The society is named after Pope Pius X, whose anti-Modernist stance it stresses, retaining the Tridentine Mass and pre-Vatican II liturgical books in Latin for the other sacraments. The society's current Superior General is the Reverend Davide Pagliarani, who succeeded Bishop Bernard Fellay in 2018. Several organisations derive from the SSPX such as the mostly American and effectively sedevacantist Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV) and the canonically regular Priestly Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seminarian
A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, in academics, or mostly in Christian ministry. The English word is taken from , translated as 'seed-bed', an image taken from the Council of Trent document which called for the first modern seminaries. In the United States, the term is currently used for graduate-level theological institutions, but historically it was used for high schools. History The establishment of seminaries in modern times resulted from Roman Catholic reforms of the Counter-Reformation after the Council of Trent. These Tridentine seminaries placed great emphasis on spiritual formation and personal discipline as well as the study, first of philosophy as a base, and, then, as the final crown, theology. The oldest Catholic seminary in the United States is St. Mary' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assisi
Assisi (, also ; ; from ; Central Italian: ''Ascesi'') is a town and comune of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio. It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born around 50–45 BC. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Order of Friars Minor in that town in 1208, and of St. Clare of Assisi (''Chiara d'Offreducci''), who, with St. Francis, founded the Order of Poor Ladies, which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death. The 19th-century St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows was also born in Assisi. History The earliest attested people of Assisi were the Umbri. In 77AD Pliny the Elder described Regio VI Umbria and said that the Umbri were thought to be the oldest inhabitants of Italy. The people of Assisi were mentioned by name. The Romans took control of central Italy after the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC. They built the flourishing ''municipium'' As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogelio Martinez (antipope)
Rogelio del Rosario Martinez Jr., who took the name Pope Michael II, is a Filipino conclavist bishop claimant to the papacy. He was elected by lot at a conclave held in Vienna, Austria, in July 2023. Born in Manila, Philippines, Martinez graduated from a Roman Catholic seminary in 1997 but did not seek holy orders. After teaching law at university level, Martinez came into contact with the independent catholic movement in 2002 and was ordained as a priest in 2003. Elevated to bishop in 2010, Martinez made a profession of faith to David Bawden, known as Pope Michael I, in 2019. David Bawden was an American conclavist who believed that the Roman Catholic hierarchy had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. Bawden organised a conclave at which he was elected Pope in 1990. Pope Michael I died in August 2022. Martinez was elected as his successor, choosing the papal name Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Allen Bawden
David Allen Bawden (September 22, 1959 – August 2, 2022), who took the name Pope Michael I, was an American conclavist claimant to the papacy. Bawden believed that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. In 1990 he was elected pope by a group of six laypeople, including himself and his parents. In 2011, he was ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop by an Independent Catholic bishop. Early life and education Bawden was born in 1959 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to Clara ( Barton) and Kennett Bawden. He attended elementary school and high school in Oklahoma City. He had one brother. Bawden's parents were traditionalist Catholics who rejected Vatican II. In the mid-1970s, he and his family became followers of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). Bawden entered the SSPX seminary in Écône, Switzerland, in 1977, then transferred to Saint Jose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The press maintains offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Harvard Square, and in London, England. The press co-founded the distributor TriLiteral LLC with MIT Press and Yale University Press. TriLiteral was sold to LSC Communications in 2018. Notable authors published by HUP include Eudora Welty, Walter Benjamin, E. O. Wilson, John Rawls, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Jay Gould, Helen Vendler, Carol Gilligan, Amartya Sen, David Blight, Martha Nussbaum, and Thomas Piketty. The Display Room in Harvard Square, dedicated to selling HUP publications, closed on June 17, 2009. Related publishers, imprints, and series HUP owns the Belknap Press imprint (trade name), imprint, which it inaugurated in May 1954 with the publication of the ''Harvard Guide to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Bawden
David Allen Bawden (September 22, 1959 – August 2, 2022), who took the name Pope Michael I, was an American conclavist claimant to the papacy. Bawden believed that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958. In 1990 he was elected pope by a group of six laypeople, including himself and his parents. In 2011, he was ordained a priest and consecrated a bishop by an Independent Catholic bishop. Early life and education Bawden was born in 1959 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to Clara ( Barton) and Kennett Bawden. He attended elementary school and high school in Oklahoma City. He had one brother. Bawden's parents were traditionalist Catholics who rejected Vatican II. In the mid-1970s, he and his family became followers of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). Bawden entered the SSPX seminary in Écône, Switzerland, in 1977, then transferred to Saint Jose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
